Explorando el estilo de vida en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública peruana / Exploring the lifestyle of students at a Peruvian public university / Explorando o estilo de vida dos estudantes de uma universidade pública peruana

Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos

Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical crosssectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits

Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos

Avaliação dos hábitos de vida e o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em uma universidade de goiás / Assessment of lifestyle habits and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes at a university in Goiás / Evaluación de los hábitos de vida y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una universidad de Goiás

Introdução:O diabetes mellitustipo 2éuma condição endócrino-metabólica caracterizada pela hiperglicemia crônica decorrente da progressiva perda de sensibilidade periférica à insulina. Com efeito, as mudanças ocorridas nos padrões alimentares e de atividade física nos últimos anos possuem estreita relação com o aumento na prevalência dediabetes mellitus tipo 2mundialmente. Dito isso, é imprescindível a identificação precoce dos hábitos de vida inadequados na população, para que seja possível atuar preventivamente e diminuir os riscos de desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivo:Analisar os fatores de risco e o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitustipo 2 entre os alunos do curso de medicina, por meio do Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes. Metodologia:Estudo epidemiológico analítico realizado por meio de questionário auto aplicado. As prevalências dos fatores de risco foram calculadas, e o teste do qui-quadrado e/ou Exato de Fisher foram realizados para verificar possível associação dos fatores de risco e o perfil dos entrevistados. 343 estudantes participaram do estudo. Resultados:A pontuação foi de 4,45 na amostra geral, classificado como "risco baixo". Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram parentesco com indivíduo portador de diabetes, alimentação não-saudável e sedentarismo. Houve associação entre sexo feminino e sedentarismo e entre sexo masculino e sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusões:O escore de risco dos estudantes de medicina é considerado baixo e a presença de fatores de risco pode ser associada ao perfil do entrevistado (AU).

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus type 2is an endocrine and metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia arising from progressive loss of peripheral sensibility to insulin. Effectively, changes in diet and physical activity in the past years are closely related to the increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2worldwide. Considering that, it is indispensable to perform an early identification of inadequate populational lifestyles in order to allow preventative measures seeking to decrease the development of this disease. Objective:Analyzing the risk factors and risks of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 among the medicine school students through the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score. Methodology:Analytic epidemiologic study through a self-assessment questionnaire. Risk factors prevalence were calculated and the chi-square test and/or the Fisher's exact test were conducted to verify a possible association between risk factors and interviewees' profile. 343 students have participated in the study. Results:Within the general sampling, the final scorewas 4.45, which is classified as "low risk". The most prevalent risk factors were: being related to individuals with diabetes, unhealthy diet, and sedentarism. There was an association of female individuals and sedentarism, and of male individuals and overweight/obesity. Conclusions:The risk score of the medicine school students is considered low and the appearance of risk factors can be associated to the interviewee's profile (AU).

Introducción: El diabetes mellitus clase 2es una condición endocrino-metabólica caracterizada por la hiperglucemia crónica originada por la progresiva pérdida de sensibilidad periférica a la insulina. En efecto, los cambios que ocurren en los estándares alimentarios y de actividad física en los últimos años tienen relación con el aumento de la prevalencia dediabetes mellitus classe 2mundialmente. Por ello, es importante la identificación temprana de los hábitos de vida no adecuados en la población para que se pueda actuar de manera preventiva y disminuir los riesgos de desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo y el riesgo del desarrollo de diabetes mellitus clase 2 entre los alumnos del curso de medicina, a través del Score Finlandés de Riesgo de Diabetes. Metodología: Estudios epidemiológico-analíticos hechos a través de encuestas auto aplicadas. Las prevalencias de los factores de riesgo se calculan y el test de chicuadrado y/o Exacto de Fisher serealizan para verificar la posible asociación de los factores de riesgo y el perfil de los entrevistados. 343 estudiantes participan del estudio. Resultados: La puntuación es de 4,45 en la muestra general, clasificado como "riesgo bajo". Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes fueron parentesco con individuo que tiene diabetes, alimentación no sana y sedentarismo. Hubo asociación entre sexo femenino y sedentarismo y entre sexo masculino y sobrepeso/obesidad.Conclusiones: El score de riesgo de los estudiantes de medicina es considerado bajo y la presencia de factores de riesgo puede asociarse al perfil del entrevistado (AU).

Explorando el estilo de vida en estudiantes de una Universidad Pública peruana

Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos.

Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits.

Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos.

Modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation:more attention to risk management / 心血管康复医学杂志

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is the most common arrhythmia in the world and is closely related to mortality of patients.So far,number of patients in China has approached 10 million.Identifying manageable risk factors for AF and developing appropriate prevention strategies possess critical significance in reducing occurrence of fatal AF and costs on healthcare system.Risk factors for AF include obesity,hypertension,diabetes,obstructive sleep apnea,etc.Alcohol consumption,smoking and a sedentary lifestyle have also been recognized as important factors in occur-rence and development of AF.The present article makes a review on role of modifiable risk factors of AF in occur-rence,development and treatment of AF and mechanisms of each potential risk factor associated with AF.

Therapeutic effect of low-carbohydrate diet and lifestyle intervention on patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of low-carbohydrate diet and online lifestyle intervention on patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. MethodsThis study was conducted among 53 patients with lean NAFLD who attended Department of Infectious Diseases in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital and Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital from December 2019 to March 2021， and the patients were given low-carbohydrate diet for calorie restriction ［total calorie intake was calculated based on basal metabolic rate （BMR） and physical activity level （PAL） and was restricted within （BMR×95%×PAL-1 000） kcal to （BMR×95%×PAL-500） kcal， and carbohydrate ratio fluctuated between 10% and 55%］ and lifestyle interventions for 8 weeks. An online software was used for supervision and follow-up， and the patients were observed in terms of treatment outcome and safety. The patients were compared in terms of controlled attenuation parameter （CAP）， liver stiffness measurement （LSM）， Anthropometric parameters， blood biochemistry， urinary protein， and urine ketone body before and after intervention. The patients were followed up after 1 year to measure body weight and body mass index （BMI）. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the paired-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAfter 8 weeks of intervention， CAP decreased from 304.47±31.91 db/m to 242.43±26.74 db/m， LSM decreased from 7.43±2.41 kPa to 6.36±1.79 kPa， and body weight decreased from 64.29±7.37 kg to 60.24±7.08 kg （t=11.25，3.72， and 14.07， all P<0.001）. Of all patients， 25 （47.2%） had disappearance of fatty liver， and abnormal LSM in 12 patients （63.2%） returned to normal； 52 patients （98.1%） had a mean reduction of 4.05±2.32 kg in body weight. The degree of reduction in CAP increased with the degree of reduction in body weight. After intervention， there were significant reductions in BMI， waist circumference， hip circumference， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， uric acid， fasting blood glucose， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein （t=12.85， 13.77， 10.28， 7.64， 6.21， 8.35， 6.83， 6.31， 7.4， 4.97， 5.95， and -2.21， all P<0.05）. The patients with abnormal ALT， AST， GGT， uric acid， fasting blood glucose， TG， TC， and LDL at baseline which returned to normal after intervention accounted for 75%， 100%， 81.8%， 57.1%， 100%， 66.7%， 73.5%， and 85.3%， respectively. There were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen， serum creatinine， urine protein， and urine ketone body （all P>0.05）. There was no rebound in body weight and BMI after 1 year of follow-up （P>0.05）. There were no gastrointestinal reactions during intervention or follow-up. ConclusionLow-carbohydrate diet and lifestyle intervention can improve liver fat content， liver function， and blood lipid parameters in patients with lean NAFLD， with good safety.

Relationship between lifestyle and the comorbidity of myopia and depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between lifestyle and myopia and depressive symptoms comorbidity among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing effective prevention measures.@*Methods@#In October 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select primary and secondary school students aged 9-19 years in 4 urban and 4 suburban districts in Nanjing as the research subjects. A total of 10 498 students were included for physical examination and questionnaire survey by using the student health condition and influencing factors questionnaire. Chisquare test was used for univariate analysis, and multifactor Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between students lifestyle and the cooccurrence of myopia and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and depression among primary and secondary school students in Nanjing was 18.11%. The prevalence of comorbidity was higher in girls (20.97%) than in boys (15.47%), higher in boarding students (31.31%) than in nonboarding students (16.51%), and higher in high school students than in middle and primary school students (28.63%, 19.10%, 7.76%), with statistically significant differences (χ2=53.49, 149.31, 522.55, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that smoking (OR=1.51), drinking (OR=2.36), looking at electronic screens in dim conditions (OR=2.40), screen time ≥2 h/d(OR=1.50), afterschool homework time ≥2 h/d(OR=1.48) were positively correlated with the prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive myopia and depressive symptoms, healthy diet (OR=0.67), outdoor activities during breaks (OR=0.80), sufficient sleep (OR=0.64), meeting physical activity standards (OR=0.74) and outdoor activity time ≥2 h/d(OR=0.84) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of comorbidity of screening positive of myopia and depressive symptoms (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The lifestyle of primary and secondary school students in Nanjing is related to the comorbidity of myopia and depressive symptoms. Schools and families should carry out relevant education and intervention measures to promote students to develop good living habits and jointly prevent the occurrence of myopia and depressive symptoms.

Factors influencing the development of executive function in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Executive function is an advanced cognitive process aimed at the flexible coordination, optimization, and control of the cognitive processes of task solving in order to accomplish a specific task, ensuring that the individual produces effective behaviors, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Given the sensitivities and specificities that characterize an individual s physical and mental development during adolescence, this period is critical for the development of executive function in adolescents. In the paper, the influencing factors of adolescents executive function development are systematically described from three dimensions, namely, biology, environment and lifestyle; by analyzing the mechanisms and differences in the effects of different influencing factors, this editorial provides a scientific basis for adolescents executive function improvement and intervention.

Research progress on lifestyle related dry eye in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Dry eye is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by tear film homeostasis imbalance, which usually causes eye discomfort and visual impairment. With the change of environment and lifestyle, the incidence of dry eye in children and adolescents has risen steadily. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that the incidence of dry eye is closely related to unhealthy lifestyle. Prevention should be given great priority to in avoiding lifestyle related dry eye. The review summarizes the definition, epidemiology, risk factors and preventive measures of lifestyle related dry eye, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of lifestyle related dry eye in children and adolescents.

Promoting healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents to enhance primary prevention of non-communicable diseases / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Healthy lifestyles are the most effective means of promoting the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. In China, unhealthy lifestyles, such as insufficient physical activity, inadequate sleep, poor dietary choices, smoking, and alcohol consumption are prevalent among this population, posing a threat to healthy growth and development. An initial review of global research examining healthy lifestyles reveals a continually evolving landscape, emphasizing the pressing need to update intervention strategies and theories for children and adolescents health promotion in China. The article presents the most recent state of the art healthy lifestyle indicators and the development of healthy lifestyle intervention strategies. In the future, interventions and monitoring of the health lifestyles of children and adolescents should be conducted in conjunction with schools and families which provide optimal settings, while utilizing advanced methods such as the Internet and digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and integrated omics technologies incorporating genetics and the environment.

Construction of Nomogram prediction model of myopia risk and lifestyle among primary school students in Tianjin City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between lifestyle and myopia and construct Nomogram model to predict myopia risk among primary school students in Tianjin, so as to provide a scientific basis for precision myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#From April to July of 2022, a census method was used to conduct vision testing and lifestyle related questionnaires among 373 180 primary school students in 15 districts of Tianjin. The relationship between lifestyle and myopia was analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed to predict myopia risk.@*Results@#The detection rate of myopia among primary school students in Tianjin was 37.6%. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression showed that daily outdoor activity time of 1-2 h ( OR =0.94) and >2 h ( OR =0.84), time of using daily electronic devices of >2 h ( OR =1.03), daily paper materials reading and writing time of 1-2 h ( OR =1.02) and >2 h ( OR =1.09), weekly fresh vegetable intake of 2-6 times ( OR =0.93) and ≥7 times ( OR =0.88) were statistically correlated with myopia ( P <0.01). The Nomogram prediction model showed that the factors associated with myopia were grade, family history of myopia, gender, daily outdoor activity time, weekly frequency of fresh vegetable intake, daily paper materials reading and writing time, and time of using daily electronic devices time.@*Conclusions@#The lifestyle of primary school students in Tianjin is associated with myopia. The constructed nomogram model could provide a scientific basis for identifying key intervention populations for myopia prevention and taking targeted prevention and control measures.

Quality of life of women who underwent breast cancer treatment relative to sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors

ABSTRACT Objective Patients with cancer often undergo multiple extended treatments that decrease their quality of life. However, the quality of life of women with breast cancer after they undergo treatment remains underexplored in Brazil. Therefore, this study determined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors related to the post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 101 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016 and treated at a Brazilian Oncology Reference Service. Data were collected from them using face-to-face surveys. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Breast Cancer-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). The data collected were analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The median score on the global health, functional, and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 75.00 (Interquartile range=33.33), 75.99 (Standard deviation [SD]=19.26), and 19.67 (SD=16.91), respectively. The mean score on the functional and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 was 61.89 (SD=17.21) and 20.12 (SD=16.94), respectively. Furthermore, higher post-treatment quality of life was found to be associated with being aged 50 or more, being Black, having eight or more years of education, having a partner, having a paying job, receiving treatment from the private healthcare system, having a higher income, living in the municipality where healthcare services are availed, engaging in physical activity, not smoking, being more religious, having more social support, not being overweight, having no comorbidities, and undergoing lumpectomy. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors significantly impact the quality of life of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. Implementing interventions that improve health and reducing inequalities in the access to healthcare services can improve the quality of life of these patients.

DOSE: a lifestyle philosophy for dementia prevention informed by drug development and epidemiology / DOSE: uma filosofia de estilo de vida para a prevenção da demência informada pelo desenvolvimento de medicamentos e pela epidemiologia

ABSTRACT This article aims to bridge the gap between drug development and lifestyle modification strategies for dementia prevention. First, it focuses on three lessons from drug development to inform lifestyle changes: dementia treatment-resistance, the importance of maximizing therapeutic dose, and obtaining actionable feedback from drug trials. Moreover, epidemiology reveals a mismatch between promising associations and later interventions, the specificity of different dementias, and the ethics of health promotion. The article will argue that lifestyle choices for dementia risk should be understood through the lens of a life philosophy rather than a testable scientific hypothesis. This philosophy known by "DOSE" has four components: Diet — Other life priorities — Stimulation — Exercise. Striking the balance between a healthy lifestyle and non-health priorities is a fundamentally personal question and challenge, particularly in resource-limited contexts. Finally, individual behaviors are only the tip of the iceberg of modifiable dementia risk, inviting collective action to ensure equitable prevention.

RESUMO Este artigo visa preencher a lacuna entre o desenvolvimento de medicamentos e as estratégias de modificação do estilo de vida para a prevenção da demência. Em primeiro lugar, ele se concentra em três lições do desenvolvimento de medicamentos para informar as mudanças no estilo de vida: resistência ao tratamento da demência, a importância de maximizar a dose terapêutica e a obtenção de informações acionáveis a partir de testes de medicamentos. Além disso, a epidemiologia revela um desacordo entre associações promissoras e intervenções posteriores, a especificidade de diferentes demências e a ética da promoção da saúde. O artigo argumentará que as escolhas de estilo de vida para o risco de demência devem ser entendidas pelas lentes de uma filosofia de vida em vez de uma hipótese científica testável. Essa filosofia conhecida como "DOSE" tem quatro componentes: Dieta — Outras prioridades da vida — Estimulação — Exercício. Alcançar o equilíbrio entre um estilo de vida saudável e as prioridades não relacionadas à saúde é uma questão e um desafio fundamentalmente pessoais, principalmente em contextos de recursos limitados. Finalmente, os comportamentos individuais são apenas a ponta do iceberg do risco de demência modificável, o que exige uma ação coletiva para garantir uma prevenção equitativa.

Cardiovascular Risk and Lifestyle: comparison between teaching workers in Portugal and Brazil / Riesgo cardiovascular y estilo de vida: comparación entre trabajadores docentes en Portugal y Brasil / Risco Cardiovascular e Estilo de Vida: comparação entre trabalhadores do ensino de Portugal e Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: Compare Cardiovascular Risk between workers in Brazil and Portugal who work in the teaching context and its relationship with Lifestyle and Common Mental Disorder. Methods: Cross-sectional study that compared the cardiovascular health conditions of teaching workers in Manaus (Brazil) and Coimbra (Portugal). The odds ratio between groups was estimated. Results: The differences were: Smoking and hypercholesterolemia in participants from Portugal. Hypertension, chronic disease, increased abdominal perimeter, common mental disorder, and absence from work in Brazil. The variables with the greatest effect for high cardiovascular risk were: Country-Portugal [17.273 (95%CI1.538-193.951)], sex-male [61.577 (95%CI5.398-702.469)] and smoking [593.398 (95%CI57.330-6.142.020)]. Conclusion: The differences in risk between groups showed that participants from Portugal, men, with high blood pressure and/or smokers are the most vulnerable to having a cardiovascular event. There is a need for interventions to promote cardiovascular health in the workplace in both countries.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar el Riesgo Cardiovascular entre trabajadores de Brasil y Portugal que actúan em el contexto docente y su relación con el Estilo de Vida y el Trastorno Mental Común. Métodos: Estudio transversal que comparo las condiciones de salud cardiovascular de trabajadores docentes de Manaos (Brasil) y Coimbra (Portugal). Se estimó el odds ratio entre grupos. Resultados: Las diferencias fueron: Tabaquismo e hipercolesterolemia en participantes de Portugal. Hipertensión, enfermedad crónica, aumento del perímetro abdominal, trastorno mental común y ausentismo laboral en Brasil. Las variables com mayor efecto para alto riesgo cardiovascular fueron: País-Portugal [17.273 (IC95%1.538-193.951)], sexo-masculino [61.577 (IC95%5.398-702.469)] y tabaquismo [593.398(IC95%57.330- 6.142.020)]. Conclusión: Las diferencias de riesgo entre grupos mostraron que los participantes portugueses, los hombres, los hipertensos y/o fumadores son los más vulnerables a sufrir un evento cardiovascular. Es necesario realizar intervenciones para promover la salud cardiovascular en el lugar de trabajo en ambos países.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o Risco Cardiovascular entre trabalhadores do Brasil e Portugal que atuam no contexto do ensino e sua relação com Estilo de Vida e Transtorno Mental Comum. Métodos: Estudo transversal que comparou as condições de saúde cardiovascular de trabalhadores do ensino de Manaus (Brasil) e Coimbra (Portugal). Foi estimada a razão de chance entre grupos. Resultados: As diferenças foram: Tabagismo e hipercolesterolemia nos participantes de Portugal. Hipertensão, doença crônica, perímetro abdominal aumentado, transtorno mental comum e afastamento do trabalho no Brasil. As variáveis com maior efeito para risco cardiovascular alto foram: País-Portugal [17.273 (IC95%1.538-193.951)], sexo-masculino [61.577 (IC95%5.398 -702.469)] e tabagismo [593.398(IC95%57.330- 6.142.020)]. Conclusão: As diferenças de risco entre grupos mostraram que os participantes de Portugal, homens, com pressão arterial aumentada e/ou tabagistas são os mais vulneráveis a ter evento cardiovascular. Há necessidades de intervenções para a promoção da saúde cardiovascular no ambiente laboral nos dois países.

Percepção de imagem corporal, características socioeconômicas e estilo de vida em mulheres participantes do ELSA-Brasil na Bahia, Brasil / Body image perception, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle in women participating in ELSA-Brasil in Bahia, Brazil / Percepción de la imagen corporal, características socioeconómicas y estilo de vida en mujeres participantes del ELSA-Brasil en Bahía, Brasil

Distorção da imagem corporal é uma alteração da percepção do corpo que pode repercutir na saúde. Este estudo visa estimar, entre mulheres participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) residentes na Bahia, Brasil, a prevalência de acurácia e distorção da imagem corporal e investigar associações com características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e procura de cuidados ginecológicos. Participaram 609 mulheres de 50-69 anos de idade que responderam, entre 2012-2014, questionários aplicados face a face. Foi utilizada a escala de silhuetas de Stunkard para investigar a percepção acurada ou distorcida para mais ou menos peso. A razão de risco relativo (RR) foi calculada por meio de regressão logística multinomial por meio do Stata 13. A maioria das participantes tem perspectiva acurada do próprio corpo (53,7%). Entre aquelas com percepção distorcida, há uma tendência à distorção para menos peso (38,1%). Na análise de regressão multinomial, permaneceram associadas à distorção para menos peso as variáveis raça/cor e escolaridade, sendo que a primeira foi positivamente associada à distorção para menos peso entre as pardas (RR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,13-3,16) e pretas (RR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,25-3,55), enquanto a segunda entre aquelas com escolaridade até o Ensino Médio (RR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,18-2,33). Não houve associações quanto às demais variáveis, nem com distorção para mais peso. Os resultados contribuem para a explicação das relações entre percepção da imagem corporal e fatores socioeconômicos, revelando que mulheres de raça/cor diferentes e variados níveis de escolaridade são influenciadas de formas distintas pelos discursos sociais, o que impacta a percepção da sua imagem corporal.

Body image distortion is an alteration in the perception of the body that can have repercussions on health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of body image accuracy and distortion among women participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) living in Bahia State, Brazil, and to investigate associations with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, and gynecological care seeking. A total of 609 women aged 50 to 69 years participated in the study, who answered face-to-face questionnaires from 2012 to 2014. The Stunkard silhouette scale was used to investigate accurate or distorted perception for more or less weight. The relative risk ratio (RR) was calculated by multinomial logistic regression using Stata 13. Most participants have an accurate perception of their own bodies (53.7%). Among those with distorted perception, there is a tendency to distort towards less weight (38.1%). In the multinomial regression analysis, the variables race/skin color and education remained associated with the distortion towards underweight. The race/skin color variable was positively associated with the distortion towards underweight among Mixed-race women (RR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.13-3.16) and black (RR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.25-3.55), while the education variable among those with up to high school education (RR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.18-2.33). There were no associations with the other variables or with distortion for more weight. The results contribute to explaining the relationships between body image perception and socioeconomic factors, revealing that women of different races/skin colors and varying educational levels are influenced in different ways by social discourses, impacting the perception of their body image.

La distorsión de la imagen corporal es una alteración en la percepción del cuerpo que puede repercutir en la salud. Este estudio busca estimar, entre las mujeres participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) que viven en Bahía, Brasil, la prevalencia de precisión y distorsión de la imagen corporal e investigar asociaciones con las características socioeconómicas, el estilo de vida y la busca de atención ginecológica. Participaron 609 mujeres que tenían entre 50 y 69 años que contestaron los cuestionarios aplicados cara a cara entre 2012 y 2014. Se utilizó la escala de siluetas de Stunkard para investigar la percepción precisa o distorsionada para más o menos peso. El cociente de riesgo relativo (RR) se calculó a través de regresión logística multinomial utilizando el Stata 13. La mayoría de los participantes tiene una perspectiva precisa del propio cuerpo (53,7%). Entre las personas con percepción distorsionada hay una tendencia a la distorsión para menos peso (38,1%). En el análisis de regresión multinomial, las variables raza/color y escolaridad permanecieron asociadas con la distorsión para menos peso, siendo la primera positivamente asociada con la distorsión para menos peso entre las mujeres pardas (RR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,13-3,16) y negras (RR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,25-3,55), mientras la segunda entre las mujeres que estudiaron hasta la enseñanza secundaria (RR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,18-2,33). No hubo asociaciones con las otras variables ni con la distorsión para más peso. Los resultados contribuyen para explicar las relaciones entre la percepción de la imagen corporal y los factores socioeconómicos, demostrando que mujeres de diferentes razas/colores y diferentes niveles de educación se influyen de distintas formas a través de discursos sociales, lo que impacta en la percepción de su imagen corporal.

Associação entre domínios da atividade física e sintomas depressivos em adultos brasileiros: todo movimento conta? / Asociación entre dominios de actividad física y síntomas depresivos en adultos brasileños: ¿cada movimiento cuenta? / Association between physical activity domains and depressive symptoms among Brazilian adults: does every move count?

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a relação da prática de atividade física nos quatro domínios (tempo livre, deslocamento, doméstico e trabalho) e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em adultos brasileiros, de maneira geral e estratificando-se por sexo, escolaridade e ter ou não diagnóstico referido de depressão. Estudo transversal, com dados de 88.531 indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais, respondentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados pelo Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9, PHQ-9). Foram considerados fisicamente ativos aqueles que referiram realizar atividade física pelo menos uma vez por semana no respectivo domínio. Adicionalmente, foi realizado o cálculo de tempo de prática semanal, sendo posteriormente divididos em quartis em cada domínio. Para as análises de associação, foram calculados o odds ratio bruto (ORbruto) e ajustado (ORajustado), no total e nas análises estratificadas. Os fisicamente ativos no tempo livre tiveram menor chance de apresentar sintomas depressivos, no total (ORajustado = 0,74; IC95%: 0,64-0,86) e em todas as estratificações, menos naqueles com depressão autorreferida. As associações na atividade física no tempo livre foram mais frequentes naqueles que praticavam entre 121 e 360 minutos semanais. Os indivíduos ativos nos domínios de deslocamento, doméstico e trabalho tiveram maior chance de apresentar sintomas depressivos em alguns grupos, com resultados mais consistentes para a atividade física doméstica. Os resultados evidenciaram que a relação da atividade física com a depressão em brasileiros varia conforme o domínio e a duração da atividade física, e que a ideia de que "todo movimento conta" parece adequada apenas para o domínio de tempo livre.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la práctica de actividad física en cuatro dominios (ocio, desplazamiento, actividad doméstica y trabajo) y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en adultos brasileños, en general y estratificada por sexo, escolaridad y diagnóstico de depresión autoinformado. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de 88.531 individuos de 18 años o más, que respondieron la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en el 2019. Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario sobre la Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Aquellos que realizan actividad física al menos una vez por semana en un dominio determinado se consideraron físicamente activos. Además, se calculó el tiempo de actividad física y luego se dividió en cuartiles para cada dominio. Para los análisis de asociación, se calcularon el odds ratio crudo (ORcrudo) y el odds ratio ajustado (ORajustado) para los análisis total y estratificado. Los individuos que son físicamente activos en durante el ocio presentaron menos probabilidades de tener síntomas depresivos, en el total (ORajustado = 0,74; IC95%: 0,64-0,86) y en todas las estratificaciones, excepto los individuos con depresión autoinformada. Las asociaciones de actividad física en el tiempo libre fueron más frecuentes en quienes practicaban de 121 a 360 minutos/semana. Los individuos que eran activos en los dominios desplazamiento, actividad doméstica y trabajo tuvieron más probabilidades de presentar síntomas depresivos en algunos grupos, con resultados más consistentes para las actividades domésticas. Los resultados mostraron que la relación entre actividad física y depresión entre los brasileños varía según el dominio y la duración, y el concepto de que "cada movimiento cuenta" parece ser correcto solo para el dominio del ocio.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the practice of physical activities in the four domains (leisure time, transportation, household, and work) and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazilian adults, in general and stratified by sex, schooling level, and having or not a self-reported diagnosis of depression. This is a cross-sectional study with data from 88,531 individuals aged 18 years or older, who responded to the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2019. The depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Those who practice physical activities at least once a week in a given domain were considered physically active. Additionally, the calculation of physical activities duration was conducted and later divided into quartiles for each domain. For the association analyses, the crude odds ratio (crudeOR) and adjusted odds ratio (adjustedOR) were calculated for the total and stratified analyses. Individuals who are physically active during leisure time showed a lower chance of presenting depressive symptoms, in total (adjustedOR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.64-0.86) and in all stratifications, except for individuals with self-reported depression. The associations of leisure-time physical activity were most frequent in those who practice from 121 to 360 minutes/week. The individuals who were active in the transportation, household, and work domains had a higher chance of presenting depressive symptoms in some groups, with more consistent results for household physical activities. The results showed that the relationship between physical activities and depression among Brazilians varies according to domain and duration, and that the concept that "every move counts" seemed to be correct only for the leisure-time domain.

Health and lifestyle parameters in peripheral artery disease at two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic: comparison between men and women

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzed the impact of sex on self-reported health and lifestyle parameters in peripheral artery disease patients at two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 99 patients with peripheral artery disease (53 men and 46 women) were evaluated during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic ( i.e ., at onset: May to August 2020, and on follow-up: May to August 2021). Patients were interviewed via telephone, and information regarding lifestyle and health parameters was obtained. Results: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, health and habit parameters were similar between women and men, with 63.0% and 45.3% indicating frequent fatigue, 73.9% and 84.9% reporting increased sitting time, and 23.9% and 39.6% practicing physical activity, respectively. At follow-up, difficulties in physical mobility (women: from 26.1% to 73.9%, p<0.001; men: from 39.6% to 71.7%, p=0.001) and the frequency of hospitalization for reasons other than COVID-19 increased similarly in women and men (women: from 4.3% to 21.7%, p=0.013; men: from 9.4% to 24.5%, p=0.038). The other parameters were similar between the periods. Conclusion: Self-reported physical mobility difficulties and hospitalization frequency increased in women and men with peripheral artery disease.

Os Seis Pilares da Medicina do Estilo de Vida no Manejo de Doenças Não Transmissíveis - As Lacunas nas Diretrizes Atuais / The Six Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine in Managing Noncommunicable Diseases - The Gaps in Current Guidelines

Resumo Fundamento: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), também conhecidas como doenças crônicas de longa duração, são consideradas a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo, e os seis pilares da medicina do estilo de vida (nutrição, exercício, controle de tóxicos, manejo do estresse, saúde do sono e conexão social) desempenham um papel importante na gestão holística da sua prevenção e tratamento. Além disso, as diretrizes médicas são os documentos mais aceitos com recomendações para o manejo das DCNT. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a ausência de pilares de estilo de vida nas principais diretrizes médicas brasileiras sobre as DCNT e identificar evidências na literatura que possam justificar sua inclusão nos documentos. Método: As diretrizes brasileiras foram selecionadas de acordo com as causas de morte mais relevantes no Brasil, informadas pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2019. Os periódicos foram selecionados na biblioteca PUBMED de acordo com a doença e os pilares do estilo de vida não mencionados. Resultados: Causas relevantes de mortes no Brasil são o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), o diabetes mellitus (DM) e as doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas (DPOC). Foram identificadas seis diretrizes relacionadas a essas DCNT e todas abordam aspectos do estilo de vida, mas apenas uma, referente à prevenção cardiovascular, destaca todos os seis pilares. Apesar disso, uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolvendo mais de 50 artigos mostrou que há evidências de que todos os pilares podem ajudar no controle de cada uma dessas DCNT. Conclusão: Raramente os seis pilares do estilo de vida são contemplados nas diretrizes brasileiras para IAM, DM e DPOC. A revisão da literatura identificou evidências de todos os pilares do estilo de vida para oferecer uma abordagem holística para a gestão e prevenção das DCNT.

Abstract Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases that are long-lasting, are considered the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the six pillars of lifestyle medicine (nutrition, exercise, toxic control, stress management, restorative sleep, and social connection) play an important role in a holistic management of their prevention and treatment. In addition, medical guidelines are the most accepted documents with recommendations to manage NCDs. Objective: The present study aims to analyze the lack of lifestyle pillars concerning the major Brazilian medical guidelines for NCDs and identify evidence in the literature that could justify their inclusion in the documents. Method: Brazilian guidelines were selected according to the most relevant causes of death in Brazil, given by the Mortality Information System, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2019. Journals were screened in the PUBMED library according to the disease and non-mentioned pillars of lifestyle. Results: Relevant causes of deaths in Brazil are acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Six guidelines related to these NCDs were identified, and all address aspects of lifestyle, but only one, regarding cardiovascular prevention, highlights all six pillars. Despite this, a literature search involving over 50 articles showed that there is evidence that all the pillars can help control each of these NCDs. Conclusion: Rarely are the six pillars of lifestyle contemplated in Brazilian guidelines for AMI, DM, and COPD. The literature review identified evidence of all lifestyle pillars to offer a holistic approach for the management and prevention of NCDs.

Modernidade líquida e paradigma emergente: reflexões sobre estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem / Liquid modernity and emerging paradigm: reflections on the lifestyle of nursing students / Modernidad líquida y paradigma emergente: reflexiones sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería J

Objetivo: refletir sobre o estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no paradigma emergente da modernidade líquida. Conteúdo: ensaio reflexivo alicerçado em 20 artigos sobre o tema discutido criticamente em diálogo com os conceitos de paradigma emergente e modernidade líquida. A discussão se organizou em duas categorias: estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no contexto da modernidade líquida: da realidade social ao sofrimento psíquico; e estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem e o paradigma emergente: dos paradigmas dominantes à individuação. Considerações finais: os tempos líquidos reverberam no estilo de vida e na saúde dos estudantes de enfermagem, agravando as doenças da pós-modernidade. Destaca-se a maneira como esses estudantes apreendem as dificuldades e o aprendizado que deduzem dessas oportunidades. O estilo de vida destes estudantes deve ponderar o alcance da perspectiva singular e profunda do ser inserido no paradigma emergente(AU)

Objective: to reflect on the lifestyle of nursing students in the emerging paradigm of liquid modernity. Content: reflective essay based on 20 articles on the subject critically discussed in dialogue with the concepts of emerging paradigm and liquid modernity. The discussion was organized into two categories: nursing students' lifestyle in the context of liquid modernity: from social reality to psychic suffering; and lifestyle of nursing students and the emerging paradigm: from dominant paradigms to individuation. Final considerations: liquid times reverberate in the lifestyle and health of nursing students, aggravating postmodern diseases. It is worth highlighting the way in which these students apprehend the difficulties and the learning they deduce from these opportunities. The lifestyle of these students must consider the scope of the singular and profound perspective of being inserted in the emerging paradigm(AU)

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería bajo el prisma del paradigma emergente de la modernidad líquida. Contenido: ensayo reflexivo basado en 20 artículos sobre el tema, discutido críticamente en diálogo con los conceptos de paradigma emergente y modernidad líquida. La discusión se organizó en dos categorías: el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la modernidad líquida: de la realidad social al sufrimiento psíquico; y estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería y el paradigma emergente: de los paradigmas dominantes a la individuación. Consideraciones finales: los tiempos líquidos repercuten en el estilo de vida y la salud de los estudiantes de enfermería, agravando las enfermedades de la posmodernidad. Se destaca la forma cómo estos estudiantes entienden las dificultades y los aprendizajes que deducen de estas oportunidades. El estilo de vida de estos estudiantes debe considerar el alcance de la singular y profunda perspectiva de estar insertos en el paradigma emergente(AU)

Una visión panorámica del estilo de vida y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina: Una revisión actualizada / A panoramic view of anxiety and lifestyle in medical students: An updated review

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estilos de vida abarcan las decisiones que una persona toma y, al mismo tiempo, tienen un impacto en su calidad de vida. En especial, para aquellos que estudian carreras relacionadas a ciencias de la salud, puede ser un período especialmente exigente y desafiante. Frecuentemente, se encuentran con situaciones estresantes que afectan considerablemente su bienestar y elecciones de estilo de vida. Objetivo: Determinar si existe asociación entre el estilo de vida y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: La revisión fue efectuada mediante búsqueda bibliográfica basado en evidencia publicados desde 2013 a 2023, en los sitios de búsqueda Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, BVS, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar. Resultados: De los 33 artículos revisados, se descartaron nueve por no tener relación con nuestras variables de investigación en el área de ciencias de la salud o por no presentar una población universitaria, y dos fueron retirados por ser publicados antes de 2013; han quedado solo 30 artículos para esta revisión bibliográfica. De los 30 artículos seleccionados, 14 contaban con resultados de investigación y 16 fueron considerados para aspectos teórico-conceptuales que se relacionan con el propósito del estudio. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios con estilos de vida saludables tienden a tener un mejor rendimiento académico, además, se ha observado que la salud mental desempeña un papel importante. Sin embargo, la falta de consenso en los hallazgos sugiere la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales para comprender mejor esta compleja relación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lifestyles encompass the decisions a person makes, simultaneously impacting their quality of life. Especially for those pursuing health-related careers, it can be a particularly demanding and challenging period. They frequently encounter stressful situations that significantly affect their well-being and lifestyle choices. Objective: To determine if there is an association between lifestyle and academic performance in medical students. Methods: The review was conducted through evidence-based literature search for articles published from 2013 to 2023, using search platforms such as Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, BVS, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Results : Out of the 33 articles reviewed, 9 were excluded for not being related to our research variables in the field of health sciences or for not involving a university population. Additionally, 2 articles were removed as they were published before 2013, leaving only 30 articles for this literature review. Among the 30 selected articles, 14 presented research results, while 16 were considered for theoretical and conceptual aspects related to the study's purpose. Conclusion: University students with healthy lifestyles tend to have better academic performance, and it has been observed that mental health plays a significant role. However, the lack of consensus in the findings suggests the need for further research to better understand this complex relationship.

Relationship of vitamin D with the anthropometric indicators and lifestyle of adults. Medellín. Colombia

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels depend on sunlight, diet, and other factors. Objective: We aimed to determine serum vitamin D levels and evaluate their relationship with anthropometric indicators and lifestyle habits in apparently healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n=75), socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habit-related data were collected. Serum vitamin D levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, food intake was measured by semiquantitative frequency and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. Chi-square test and also principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between some variables and vitamin D status. Spearman's test was used to determine correlations between quantitative variables. Results: 73% were women and 61% belonged to medium socio-economic level. Median vitamin D intake was 137 (83.1­227.3) IU/day. Based on body mass index (BMI), 44% individuals had overweight/obesity. The 68% exhibited deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels (Hypovitaminosis D). BMI classification and waist circumference (CW) were not related with vitamin D status; however, activities with higher sun exposure were highly related (p = 0.013). Sun exposure time explained variation in component 2 (16.60%), where most of the individuals with normal level were grouped. Sun exposure time was positively correlated with vitamin D status (r = 0.263; p = 0.023). Discussion: Excess weight and abdominal obesity are not always associated with hypovitaminosis D. Conclusions: The majority of individuals showed hypovitaminosis D but their status was not related with anthropometric indicators. A Sun exposure time was the only factor positively correlated with vitamin D status.

Introducción: Los niveles séricos de vitamina D dependen de la luz solar, la dieta y otros factores. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los niveles séricos de vitamina D y evaluar su relación con indicadores antropométricos y estilos de vida en voluntarios aparentemente sanos. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio trasversal (n=75) se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y aquellos relacionados con hábitos y estilos de vida. La vitamina D se determinó por cromatografía liquida de alta eficiencia; la ingesta de alimentos, mediante frecuencia semicuantitativa, y el estado nutricional por antropometría. Para analizar la relación entre algunas variables y el estado de la vitamina D se usó la prueba de Chi cuadrado y también el análisis de componentes principales. Se empleó la prueba de Spearman para determinar la correlación entre variables cuantitativas. Resultados: El 73% eran mujeres y el 61% pertenecían a un estrato socioeconómico medio. La mediana de la ingesta de vitamina D fue de 137 (83,1­227,3) UI/día. Según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el 44% de los individuos tenían sobrepeso/obesidad. El 68% mostro deficiencia/insuficiencia de vitamina D (hipovitaminosis D). La clasificación del IMC y la circunferencia abdominal no se relacionaron con el estado de la vitamina D; sin embargo, las actividades con una mayor exposición solar estuvieron altamente relacionadas (p=0,013). El tiempo de exposición solar explico la variación en el componente 2 (16,60%) donde se agruparon la mayoría de los individuos con niveles normales. El tiempo de exposición solar tuvo una correlación positiva con el estado de la vitamina D (r = 0,263; p = 0,023). Discusión: El exceso de peso y la obesidad abdominal no siempre se relacionan con la hipovitaminosis D. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los individuos presentaron hipovitaminosis D, pero su estado no se relacionó con los indicadores antropométricos. El tiempo de exposición al sol fue el único factor que se correlaciono positivamente con el estado de la vitamina D.

Introdução: Os níveis séricos de vitamina D dependem da luz solar, da dieta e de outros fatores. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo foi determinar os níveis séricos de vitamina D e avaliar sua relação com indicadores antropométricos e hábitos de vida em voluntários aparentemente saudáveis. Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo transversal (n=75), foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e relacionados a hábitos de vida. Os níveis séricos de vitamina D foram determinados por cromatografia liquida de alto desempenho, a ingestão de alimentos foi medida por frequência semiquantitativa e o estado nutricional foi avaliado por antropometria. O teste do qui-quadrado e a análise de componentes principais foram utilizados para analisar a relação entre algumas variáveis e o estado da vitamina D. O teste de Spearman foi usado para determinar as correlações entre as variáveis quantitativas. Resultados: 73% eram mulheres e 61% pertenciam a um nível socioeconômico médio. A ingestão media de vitamina D foi de 137 (83,1-227,3) UI/dia. Com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC), 44% dos indivíduos tinham sobrepeso/obesidade. Os 68% apresentaram níveis deficientes/insuficientes de vitamina D (hipovitaminose D). A classificação do IMC e a circunferência da cintura (CW) não foram relacionadas ao status da vitamina D; entretanto, as atividades com maior exposição ao sol foram altamente relacionadas (p = 0,013). O tempo de exposição ao sol explicou a variação no componente 2 (16,60%), onde a maioria dos indivíduos com nível normal foi agrupada. O tempo de exposição ao sol foi positivamente correlacionado com o status de vitamina D (r = 0,263; p = 0,023). Discussão: O excesso de peso e a obesidade abdominal nem sempre estão associados com a hipovitaminose D. Conclusões: A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou hipovitaminose D, mas seu status não foi relacionado com indicadores antropométricos. O tempo de exposição ao sol foi o único fator positivamente correlacionado com o status da vitamina D.