Physical activity levels and junk food intake among female undergraduate students in Mandya: a cross sectional study

Background: Physical activity (PA) is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. It has been proven that regular physical activity helps control and prevent noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and several types of cancer. This study aimed to describe the levels of physical activity among female undergraduate students in Mandya and to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding junk food habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Government women’s degree college, Mandya district, South Karnataka between November 2023 to December 2023 among female undergraduate students in the institute. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) has been used to describe their physical activity levels. Descriptive statistics like frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation has been used. Results: The study was conducted among 170 students. Based on the MET values it is found that majority of them had moderate level of PA 81 (47.6%), while 39(22.9%) had high levels and 50 (29.4%) had low PA levels. Of 170 participants, 43 (25%) had junk food intake once a week, 46 (27%) had twice a week, 81 (48%) had thrice or more per week. The association between PA level and junk food was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study help us in understanding the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity practice.

Perception on effect of AYUSH treatment among patients with selected NCDs at life style diseases clinics from six states of India: Lessons learnt and way forward

Introduction: The AYUSH system of medicine is effective in the case management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched a pilot program in 2016 integrating AYUSH with the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke for community-based screening and management of NCDs. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of AYUSH treatment with Yoga practices in project districts in terms of the adoption of a healthy lifestyle besides relief from NCDs. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in six districts from six states, namely Bhilwara (Rajasthan), Surendranagar (Gujarat), Gaya (Bihar), Darjeeling (West Bengal), Krishna (Andhra Pradesh), and Lakhimpur-Kheri (Uttar Pradesh) with a total sample of 56 lifestyle disease Clinics and 1790 beneficiaries. Results: The results show that 75% of patients were currently doing yoga and 60%–80% of patients experienced various benefits of yoga. These benefits were relief from pain (82%), improvement in appetite (72%), reduction in weakness (72%), and sickness (71%). The study also found that after taking AYUSH treatment, overall 73% of patients reduced dosage of allopathic medicines, 52% had reduced side effects of allopathic medicines, 24% stopped allopathic medicine, and 50% got faster recovery. Conclusion: Low cost and fewer side effects are considered merits of AYUSH medicine that drive its acceptance in the community and could be prioritized under preventive care. The dual form of medicine is the new form emerging option to the existing modern medicine.

Chrono-nutrition / 体力科学

In mammals, the circadian rhythms have been shown to regulate several physiological functions, including body temperature, sleep-wake behavior, physical activity, hormonal secretions, and metabolism. These processes are controlled by circadian clock genes, and abnormal circadian rhythms are associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, and lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, the timing of behaviors such as food intake, exercise, and stress influence circadian rhythms, including clock gene expression in peripheral tissues. Therefore, the interaction between nutrition and the circadian clock is so-called “chrono-nutrition” is poised to become an important research field of chronobiology. In this review, we review the effects of a timed-nutrition on circadian clocks and their timing-dependent effects on physiological functions.

Circadian rhythms and exercise/physical activity / 体力科学

Circadian rhythms have been shown to regulate several physiological functions including body temperature, sleep/wake cycle, physical activity, and cognition. These functions are controlled by circadian clock genes, and the circadian clock system in the body is classified into two clocks which are the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Therefore, many researchers are conducting basic and applied research on the relationship between circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues and physiological functions including sports performance and effects of acute exercise and exercise training. On the other hand, it has been shown that abnormal circadian rhythms and disturbance of circadian rhythms can lead to the development of several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, depression, and dementia. Thus, it is also important to regulate individual circadian rhythm by considering for timing of exercise and daily physical activity. Exercise and physical activity are found to have an influence on circadian rhythms regulation (Chrono-exercise) and accumulate evidences between timing of exercise and health outcomes. This review aims to introduce evidence for chrono-exercise and suggests the importance for considering the timing of exercise and physical activity.

Profile of Selected Lifestyle Disease Risk Factors among Adolescent School Students in an Industrial Area of Vellore District, Tamil Nadu.

Background: Lifestyle or non-communicable diseasesare associated with long-term health consequences andtremendous socioeconomic implications. Early identification of risk factors with lifestyle modification is themost effective measure of prevention and control.Schools offer unique opportunity for comprehensiveassessment of risk factors and initiation of healthybehaviours. Aim and Objectives: This study was aimedto assess the risk factor profile for lifestyle diseasesamong adolescent school students in Ranipet, Velloredistrict, Tamil Nadu and to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with above risk factorsamong students. Material and Methods: A schoolbased, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conductedamong students aged 13 to 17 years, from 3 randomlyselected schools (2 Private; 1 Government) in Ranipet,Vellore district, between June and September 2018. Apretested, semi-structured, self-administeredquestionnaire and standardized instruments were usedto assess risk factors. Results: A total of 932 studentsparticipated. Fruit and vegetable consumption andphysical activity practices were sub-optimal comparedto recommended guidelines. Males reported betterdietary and physical activity practices compared tofemales (p<0.05). 20% of adolescents were overweightand 17.4% had elevated Blood Pressure (BP). A higherproportion of private school students had overweightand elevated BP(p<0.05). Conclusion: High prevalenceof overweight and elevated BP among adolescentssignifies need for intense health promotion measuresand reorienting school health services towardsprevention of lifestyle diseases. Parents, teachers andstudents should be sensitised to the impact ofbehavioural and physical risk factors on long-termmorbidity and be equipped with knowledge and trainingto prevent or modify these risk factors.

Difference in health status of Korean farmers according to gender

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare differences in lifestyle diseases, musculoskeletal pain, psychosocial stress, and self-health awareness according to gender in Korean farmers. METHODS: The study population comprised 436 farmers residing in rural areas in Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and musculoskeletal pain. The psychosocial well-being index short form (PWI-SF) was used to survey psychosocial stress, and the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12) was used to survey self-health awareness. In addition, a clinical examination was performed for each participant, and lifestyle diseases were identified through a health checkup. RESULTS: Among lifestyle diseases, females showed a significantly higher proportion than males for metabolic syndrome (OR: 4.57 [95% CI, 1.67–12.51]). For musculoskeletal pain, females again showed significantly higher proportion than males for hand pain (OR: 16.79 [95% CI, 3.09–91.30]), and pain in at least one body part (OR: 2.34 [95% CI, 1.16–4.70]). For psychosocial stress, females showed a significantly higher proportion than males for high-risk stress (OR: 3.10 [95% CI, 1.17–8.24]). Among the items in self-health awareness, females showed significantly higher proportion than males for mental component score (MCS) (OR: 3.10 [95% CI, 1.52–6.31]) and total score (OR: 2.34 [95% CI, 1.11–4.90]). CONCLUSIONS: For all items that showed significant differences, females showed higher proportion than males, which indicates that female farmers tended to have poorer overall health than male farmers. Therefore, specialized programs will have to be developed to improve the health of female farmers.

Deep Sea Water in the Field of Mibyo and Preventive Medicine：A Japanese Perspective / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Deep sea water is sea water below a depth of 200 m. Japan is the leading country in the world on industrial applications of deep sea water, which has characteristics such as cleanliness, and is rich in various kinds of minerals and inorganic nutrients compared to surface seawater. In addition, applications of deep sea water as a useful resource have become a world interest, especially in fields of presymptomatic diseases called mibyo and in preventive medicine. Evidence of deep sea water applications in experimental and clinical medicine of the following diseases, lifestyle diseases such as dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, diabetes and arteriosclerosis and atopic dermatitis, osteoporosis, cancer, peptic ulcer, cataracts and constipation are given particular attention in this review.

Conceptual framework on - establishing healthy life style centre in Chhattisgarh state, India.

Lifestyle diseases characterized by those diseases whose occurrence is primarily based on the daily habits of people and are a result of an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment. The main factors contributing to lifestyle diseases include bad food habits, physical inactivity, wrong body posture, and disturbed biological clock. Lifestyle diseases are the most common causes of disability, morbidity and premature mortality. They account for 52% of deaths, 43% Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and 62% of total disease burden in India. Life style disease can be prevented through focused and comprehensive public health intervention by establishment of Healthy Life Style Centre (HLSC). HLSC will be a comprehensive approach which will provide health services for Non-Communicable diseases under the one roof. The HLSC will offer consultation, learning, counselling and testing facilities regarding Diabetes and other Non-Communicable diseases (NCD). Life style diseases can be prevented through public health intervention by special task force and policy document related to life style disorders.

Impact of lifestyle diseases on oral health.

The lifestyle of an individual has varied implications in his/her overall health. Lifestyle diseases caused bysmoking and use of smokeless tobacco, alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and obesity and stress contribute to the leading causes of preventable death. Of the lifestyle factors certain behaviors and practices such as poor eating habits, inactivity, use of tobacco and alcohol form the preventable factors and ethnicity, age, gender, heredity form the non-preventable factors contributing to lifestyle diseases. This review discusses the lifestyle practices that have a profound impact on the oral health and the various modifications in lifestyle that can prevent them.