Résumé
Background: In 2014, approximately 462 million adults worldwide were underweight; while 1.9 billion were either overweight or obese. Hence, a study was carried out first time using the NFHS Standard of Living Index to assess the association between socioeconomic status and underweight & overweight among likely to conceive women.Material & Methods: In Determinants of Birth Weight (DBW): a community based prospective cohort study; household characteristic information was collected from 1293 likely to conceive women. Nutritional status of women was graded based on WHO international BMI categories. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were applied to assess the association between standard of living and underweight & overweight with the 95% confidence level and p values less than 0.05.Results: The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was found 35.1%, 52.4%, 9.7% and 2.7%, respectively, with mean±SD BMI 20.4 kg/m2±3.876 kg/m2. The low standard of living was significantly associated with underweight whereas high standard of living was associated with overweight among likely to conceive women in a rural North Karnataka with a p value less than 0.05.Conclusion: Among likely to conceive women, there is an inverse association between standard of living and underweight whereas positive association with overweight in a rural North Karnataka.
Résumé
El cáncer de mama es un problema de salud pública y representa la segunda causa de muerte materna en nuestro país. El problema planteado es: ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de contraer cáncer de mama en pacientes del hospital obrero N° 32 en junio del 2011?. Objetivo general: conocer las probabilidades de contraer cáncer de mama en pacientes mujeres del Hospital Obrero N° 32 en junio del 2011. Estudio del tipo descriptivo transversal, universo: 2150 pacientes mujeres que acudieron al Hospital Obrero N° 32 en junio del 2011, muestra: 200 pacientes cumplieron con criterios de inclusión. Resultados: el 2% (4) cáncer de mama previo, el 11 % (22) menarca a los 11 años o menos, el 9 % (18) el primer hijo después de los 30 años, nuliparidad 2% (4), el 3% (6) historial familiar de cáncer de mama, el 6% (12) biopsia de mama previo con resultados benignos, la raza tuvo una contribución homogénea. Factores menores: tratamiento con estrógenos, anticonceptivos orales, exposición a radiaciones, antecedentes de enfermedad fibroquística, obesidad, alcoholismo, poca duración de la lactancia, tuvo una frecuencia baja, excepto la ingesta de grasas con un 57%. Las probabilidades de que las pacientes estudiadas contraigan cáncer de mama en cinco años son de menos del 1 % en el 92% de la población, cuando las mismas cumplan 90 años tienen una media de 4,76% de contraer el cáncer de mama.
Breast cancer is a public health problem and is the second leading cause of maternal death in our country. The issue is: What is the chance of getting breast cancer in patients from Obrero's Hospital N° 32 in June 2011?. Objective: to know the chances of getting breast cancer in female patients of Obrero's Hospital N°. 32 in June 2011 .Transversal descriptive study, universe: 2150 female patients attending the Obrero's Hospital N° 32 in June 2011, sample: 200 patients acomplished the inclusion criteria. Results: 2% (4) previous breast cancer, 11% (22) menarche at 11 years or less, 9% (18) the first child after age 30, nulliparity 2% (4), the 3% (6) family history of breast cancer, 6% (12) of previous breast biopsies with benign results, ethnies had a homogeneous contribution. Lesser factors: estrogen therapy, oral contraceptives, radiation exposure, history of fibrocystic disease, obesity, alcoholism, poor breastfeeding duration, frequency was low except fat intake to 57%.The chances of contracting the patients studied breast cancer in five years is less than 1% in 92% of the population, when they get 90 years with an average of 4.76% of developing breast cancer.
Résumé
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to investigate for the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with diagnosed novel influenza A (H1N1) and to evaluate the usefulness of clinical diagnosis. METHODS: Out of 696 patients who visited the community sentinel hospital for novel influenza from 27 Aug 2009 to 10 Sep 2009, 557 patients had performed the conventional RT-PCR test. Of these patients, 540 patients were enrolled to our study excluding 17 patients who had performed the test for their own request without clinical suspicion. RESULTS: The 79 patients (14.6%) were finally diagnosed as novel influenza by conventional RT-PCR, with median age 19. Main clinical symptoms were febrile sense, cough, rhinorrhea, and sore throat. The odd ratios of the symptoms with fever, febrile sense and myalgia, acute febrile respiratory disease, influenza-likely illness, the age with 10 to 19, and students were statistically significantly higher in finally diagnosed patients group. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of rapid antigen test for influenza were 29.4%, 99.3%, 90.9%, and 85.7%, respectively. In the acute febrile respiratory disease and influenza-likely illness, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were 77.2%, 38.3%, 17.7%, and 90.7%, and 69.6%, 46.6%, 18.3%, and 89.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the community sentinel hospital, the patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) present the clinical manifestations similar to the common seasonal influenza. Primary health care providers might have a lot of difficulties in differentiation and treatment necessitating consideration of a variety of diagnostic methods.