Estimation on the Relationship between Personal Health Expenditure and Economic Growth in China Based on the Logistic Smooth Transition Regression Model / 中国卫生经济

Objective: To describe the non-linear relationship between out-of-pocket ( OOP ) payment and economic growth . Methods: Using logistic smooth transition regression model to analyze the impact of government health expenditure on the non-liner relationship between OOP payment and economic growth. Results:The impact of economic growth on OOP health expenditure is divided into 3 stages:from 1978 to 1996, the influence of economic growth on out-of-pocket payment approaches to highly-efficient mechanism operation;from 1997 to 2008 belongs to the transition period, it stays as low-efficient mechanism operation since 2009. Conclusion: To continue deepening the medical and health system reform and reduce the burden of personal health expenditure.

Correlações canônicas entre variáveis de semente, plântula, planta e produção de grãos em mamoneira / Canonical correlation between variables seed, seedling, plant and grain yield in castor bean

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as relações lineares entre as variáveis dos grupos: semente, plântula, planta adulta e produção de grãos, em dois híbridos de mamoneira. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2007/08, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com três parcelas do híbrido Sara e três do Lyra. Cada parcela, com área de 240m² (15m de comprimento x 16m de largura), foi constituída por 13 fileiras. Anterior à instalação do experimento, foram realizadas avaliações das variáveis físicas de 180 sementes, 90 de cada híbrido. Em cada parcela, as duas linhas centrais foram compostas por 30 sementes pré-caracterizadas (variáveis físicas) e as plantas originadas foram avaliadas desde a emergência até a colheita. Em cada grupo de variáveis, foram testados os pressupostos da análise de correlação canônica: normalidade multivariada, homocedasticidade dos desvios, multicolinearidade e linearidade. Plantas do híbrido Sara apresentam correlações canônicas significativas entre a maioria dos grupos de variáveis (semente e plântula; plântula e planta adulta; plântula e produção de grãos e, entre planta adulta e produção de grãos), o que indica que os grupos considerados não são independentes e que há uma relação linear entre os grupos. No híbrido Lyra, as correlações canônicas significativas ocorrem somente entre os grupos de plântula e planta adulta e entre planta adulta e produção.

The objective of this research was to establish the linear relationship among the variables: seed, seedling, adult plant and grain yield in two hybrids castor beans. The experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria during the 2007/2008 growing season, using the hybrids Sara and Lyra, with three plots of each hybrid. Each plot with plot area of 240m² (15m length x 16m width) was formed by 13 rows. Before, an evaluation was conducted regarding individual variables of seeds on a total of 90 seeds for each hybrids. In each plot, the two central rows consisted of 30 plants and these were evaluated from emergence until harvest comprising seedling, adult plant and grain yield. In each group of variables the following propositions of the canonical correlation analysis were tested: multivariate normality, deviation homocedasticity, multicolinearity and linearity. Sara hybrid plants has significant canonical correlations among most groups of variables (seed and seedling; seedling and adult plant; seedling and production, and between adult plant and grain yield), indicating that the groups considered are not independent and there is a linear relationship between the groups. In the hybrid Lyra, the significant canonical correlations occured only between groups of seedlings and adult plant, and, between adult plant and produce.

Linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and doses about potassium clavulanic acid and amoxicillin / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and doses about potassium clavulanic acid (CAV) and amoxicillin (AMX). METHODS: 15 healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into 5 dose groups. The plasma concentration of CAV and AMX was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with 3p97 soft were regressed to corresponding dose. RESULTS: The regression equations of AUC and c max to dose about CAV were Y= 2.0895 X+ 0.4438 (r= 0.9915 ) and Y= 0.9397 X+ 0.1796 (r= 0.9922 ), respectively. The regression equations of AUC and c max to dose about AMX were Y= 4.8795 X+ 2.4794 (r= 0.9988 ) and Y= 1.7276 X+ 1.4832 (r= 0.9935 ), respectively. CONCLUSION: There is good linear relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and doses about CAV and AMX.