Translational Science: How experimental research has contributed to the understanding of spontaneous Physical Activity and Energy Homeostasis

Abstract Spontaneous physical activity (SPA) consists of all daily living activities other than volitional exercise (e.g. sports and fitness-related activities). SPA is an important component of energy expenditure and may protect from overweight and obesity. Little is known about the biological regulation of SPA, but animal researchhas contributedsignificantly to expand our knowledge in this field. Studies in rodents have shown that SPA is influenced by nutrients and volitional exercise. High-fat diet seems to decrease SPA, which contributes to weigh gain. Volitional exercisemayalso reduce SPA, helping to explain the commonly reported low efficiency of exercise to cause weight loss, and highlighting the need to finda volume/intensity of exercise to maximize total daily energy expenditure. Animal studieshave also allowed for the identification of some brain areas and chemical mediatorsinvolved in SPA regulation. These discoveries could enable the development of new therapeutics aiming to enhance SPA.(AU)

Clinical Observation of Xingnaojing Injection Combined with Butylphthalide in the Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and safety of Xingnaojing injection combined with butylphthalide on neuro-logical function,cognitive function,coagulation function and living activity. METHODS:A total of 106 patients with middle cere-bral artery infarction in Wuhan University People's Hospital during Jun. 2014-Dec. 2015 were divided into control group and obser-vation group according to random number table,with 53 cases in each group. Besides routine symptomatic treatment,control group was given Butylphthalide soft capsules 0.2 g,po,tid. Observation group was additionally given Xingnaojing injection 20 mL added into 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 250 mL,ivgtt,qd. Both groups were treated for 14 d. The neurological function score (NI-HSS,NFDS),cognitive function score (MoCA,MMSE),coagulation function indexes (PT,APTT,FIB),BI score were ob-served in 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of secondary remote damage and ADR were recorded. RESULTS:Eight patients withdrew from the study,including 3 patients of control group and 5 of observation group. Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in neurological function scores(NIHSS,NFDS),cognitive function scores(MoCA,MMSE),coag-ulation function indexes or BI scores between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,NIHSS,NFDS scores and FIB of 2 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For middle cerebral artery infarction,the application of Xingnaojing injection combined with butylphthalide can reduce the risk of remote damage,promote the recovery of neurological function and cognitive func-tion,and improve coagulation function and living activity with good safety.

The relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, body mass index, and academic stress in Bahraini University students

BACKGROUND: There are many mechanisms in which stress can lead to weight gain thus high a BMI. The endocrine and inflammatory pathway can directly increase abdominal adiposity. Another way in which stress leads to weight gain is through changes in health behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among healthy students of Ahlia University, and to determine the relationship between the development of MSDs and academic stressors and body mass index. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 94 students aged 18-26 years who were enrolled at various Ahlia University colleges and met other inclusion criteria. The students responded to the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and the modified College Student Stress Inventory regarding musculoskeletal symptoms and academic stressors. Height and weight measurements were also obtained to determine body mass index. RESULTS: A total of 77.66% reported MSDs in one or more body part, with the prevalence being higher among women than among men. The 7-day prevalence of MSDs severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living was 60.64%, and 44.68% by female and male students, respectively. There was a significant relationship between academic stress and MSDs in the neck, shoulders, lower back, and hips, while the relationship between MSDs, and body mass index, academic stress, and grade point average was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MSDs among Ahlia University students was found to be high. Apart from the positive correlation between academic stress and MSDs in certain body parts, other correlations were not significant.

Editor de revistas científicas: relato de um interminável aprendizado / Editor of scientific journals: narrative of an unfinished learning / Éditeur de revues scientifiques: narrative d’un apprentissage permanent / Editor de revistas científicas: relato de un interminable proceso de aprendizaje

Este artigo apresenta um relato sobre o interminável aprendizado para ser editor de revista científica e narra a trajetória dessa formação. Procura, assim, colocar em palavras uma complexa e longa vivência, transformando-a numa experiência, ou seja, num conhecimento socialmente compartilhado. Conclui com a observação de que, nos próximos anos, os problemas éticos de pesquisa e publicação ocuparão boa parte do trabalho dos editores de revistas científicas e seria muito bom se estes se preparassem para esse grande debate.

This article presents a narrative about the interminable learning process to be an editor of scientific journals. It seeks to give a name to a complex and long activity, transforming it in an experience, i. e., in knowledge. It concludes that, in the near future, ethical problems will take the major part of the editorial work and proposes that it would be good if editors could prepare themselves for this great debate.

Cet article porte sur l'apprentissage permanent qu'entraîne la position de rédacteur en chef d'un journal scientifique et en décrit la trajectoire. Il cherche ainsi à mettre en mots une activité professionnelle longue et complexe, la transformant en expérience, soit en savoir socialement partagé. L'article conclut que dans les années à venir, les problèmes éthiques de la recherche et de la publication représenterons une grande partie du travail des éditeurs de revues scientifiques et qu'il serait avantageux de se préparer pour ce grand débat.

Este artículo presenta un relato sobre el interminable proceso de aprendizaje para ser editor de revista científica y narra la trayectoria de esa formación. Busca así colocar en palabras una compleja y larga vivencia, transformándola en experiencia, o sea, en un conocimiento socialmente compartido. Concluye con la observación de que, en los próximos años, los problemas éticos de investigación y publicación ocuparán gran parte del trabajo de los editores de revistas científicas y sería muy bueno si estos se prepararan para ese gran debate.

Influencing Factors on Symptom Self Management in Patients with Chronic Mental Disorders / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing symptom self management (SSM) in the patient with a chronic mental disorder. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 204 chronic mental disorders in an outpatient clinic in a General Hospital and Public Mental Health Centers in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The score of SSM showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of the level of self efficacy (SE) (r=.33, p=.00), social support (SS) (r=.27, p=.00), self care agency (SCA) (r=.36, p=.00) and daily living ability (DLA) (r=.34, p=.00). The score of DLA showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of level of SE (r=.46, p=.00), SS (r=.51, p=.00), and SCA (r=.52, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of SSM was SCA (14%). A combination of SCA, DLA, and SS account for 20 % of the variance in SSM. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that SCA, DLA, and SS are significant influencing factors on SSM in patients with chronic mental disorders.

Influencing Factors on Symptom Self Management in Patients with Chronic Mental Disorders / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing symptom self management (SSM) in the patient with a chronic mental disorder. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 204 chronic mental disorders in an outpatient clinic in a General Hospital and Public Mental Health Centers in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The score of SSM showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of the level of self efficacy (SE) (r=.33, p=.00), social support (SS) (r=.27, p=.00), self care agency (SCA) (r=.36, p=.00) and daily living ability (DLA) (r=.34, p=.00). The score of DLA showed a significantly positive correlation with the score of level of SE (r=.46, p=.00), SS (r=.51, p=.00), and SCA (r=.52, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of SSM was SCA (14%). A combination of SCA, DLA, and SS account for 20 % of the variance in SSM. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that SCA, DLA, and SS are significant influencing factors on SSM in patients with chronic mental disorders.