Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin / Susceptibilidade de larvas de Alabama argillacea e Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a Beauveria bassiana associada com caulim

Abstract The mortality of the Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae caused by the kaolin inert powder and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were determined under laboratory conditions. Using the caterpillar submersion method, the CG 138 B. bassiana isolate was more pathogenic to A. argillacea than the CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634, and ESALQ 645. All five tested isolates caused similar mortality of C. includens. The mortality of first-instar larvae of A. argillacea and C. includens by feeding on leaf-disc impregnated with B. bassiana (CG 138) and kaolin was also determined. Higher A. argillacea mortalities were observed in the B. bassiana (CG 138) treatments, regardless of the presence of kaolin. However, the activity of kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) against C. includens was higher than each ingredient alone, indicating an additive action against C. includes larvae. The mortality of A. argillacea and C. includens larvae treated with kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) was similar, and the A. argillacea mortality was higher than that of C. includens with kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) separated. The treatment kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) is promising for the simultaneous management of these two defoliator pests, mainly A. includes. In addition, the monophagous A. argillacea is more susceptible to both kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) than the polyphagous C. includens, suggesting that the nutritional ecology plays an important role in the susceptibility of these defoliator species to alternative insecticides.

Resumo A mortalidade de larvas de Alabama argillacea e Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), causada pelo pó inerte do caulim e pelo fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana, foi determinada em condições de laboratório. Usando o método de submersão da lagarta, o isolado CG 138 de B. bassiana foi mais patogênico para A. argillacea que os CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634 e ESALQ 645 desse fungo. Os cinco isolados testados causaram mortalidade semelhante de C. includens. A mortalidade de larvas de primeiro ínstar de A. argillacea e C. includens pelo método de alimentação em discos foliares impregnados com B. bassiana (CG 138) e caulim foi, também, determinada. A mortalidade de A. argillacea foi maior nos tratamentos com B. bassiana (CG 138), independentemente da presença do caulim. A atividade do caulim + B. bassiana (CG 138) contra C. includens foi maior que cada ingrediente isolado, indicando ação aditiva contra larvas desse Lepidoptera. A mortalidade de larvas de A. argillacea e C. includens, com caulim + B. bassiana (CG 138), foi semelhante e as de A. argillacea maiores que as de C. includens com caulim e B. bassiana (GC 138) isoladamente. O tratamento caulin + B. bassiana (CG 138) é promissor para o manejo simultâneo dessas duas pragas desfolhadoras, principalmente A. includens. Além disso, a monófaga, A. argilacea, é mais suscetível ao caulim e à B. bassiana (GC 138) que a polífaga, C. includens, sugerindo que a ecologia nutricional desempenha papel importante na suscetibilidade dessas espécies desfolhadoras a inseticidas alternativos.

The influence of agricultural occupation and climate on the spatial distribution of Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on a latitudinal gradient in Brazil

Abstract Studies have reported the presence of certain Plusiinae species in both natural and agricultural landscapes, but their turnover in association with agricultural activities remains unexplored. Aiming to understand how the assemblages of Plusiinae are structured by agricultural occupation and climate, this study used automated light traps sampled moths in 18 sites in Brazil, across a broad latitudinal gradient. Our data has demonstrated that climate variables prevails as the most important variables influencing both the composition of Plusiinae and the abundance of its dominant species Chrysodeixis includens. On the other hand, the lack of significance found for the effect of variables representing agricultural occupation evidences that pest species are present both in agricultural and natural ecosystems, also sharing similar abundances at those locations. In other words, instead of following a gradient of agricultural occupation (e.g. crop sizes around sample sites) the composition of these extremely polyphagous insects is more clearly shaped by the latitudinal gradient, in which temperature and precipitation are better predictors. Thus, in contrary to our expectations, pest species inhabits both natural and agricultural landscapes at similar latitudinal sites, probably due to their wide polyphagy spectrum. These results can be used in management and monitoring programs of pest species in South America, since the local abundance variation and species composition can be more reliable predicted by changes in climate conditions.

Control of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using Chin-IA (I-A) isolate as integrate component of management in soybean crops / Controle de Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) usando o isolado Chin-IA (I-A) como componente do manejo integrado da cultura da soja

Chrysodeixis includens is an important pest of soybean crop who has gained more visibility in the Brazilian Cerrado due to damage caused in this region. Foliar consumption, feeding period and mortality level of soybean loopers in laboratory, as well as their control in the field conditions, were evaluated after application of the ChinNPV virus in soybean plants. In the laboratory, were tested six concentrations of isolate Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 and 10 × 1011 PIB ha-1), one dose of methomyl chemical insecticide (172 g ai ha-1) and distilled water (control). The field experiment was carried out in the 2016/2017 season using the same cultivar and laboratory treatments, except for the lowest virus concentration. The population density of small and large larvae was evaluated before and at 5, 8 and 12 days after application (DAA) of the treatments in soybean plants. All concentrations of the isolate Chin-IA (I-A) have reduced the soybean loopers consumption and their feeding period, showing 100% of mortality after 3 ­ 4 days without differing from treatment with the chemical insecticide. After eight DAA of virus in the field, the population density of small and large larvae was reduced, providing satisfactory levels of control. These results showed the evident potential of ChinNPV in the reduction of defoliation power and maintenance the soybean loopers population under of control level, and thus may be used as complementary method in the integrated management of this pest in soybean crops.(AU)

Chrysodeixis includens é uma importante praga da cultura da soja que tem ganhado maior visibilidade na região do Cerrado brasileiro em razão do dano causado. Consumo foliar, período de alimentação e mortalidade de lagartas falsa-medideira foram avaliados em laboratório, assim como seu controle em condições de campo, após a aplicação do vírus ChinNPV em plantas de soja. Em laboratório, foram testadas seis concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) (1 × 1011, 2 × 1011, 4 × 1011, 6 × 1011, 8 × 1011 e 10 × 1011 CIP ha-1), uma dose do inseticida químico metomil (172 g i.a ha-1) e água destilada (controle). O ensaio de campo foi realizado na safra 2016/2017 utilizando o mesmo cultivar e tratamentos do ensaio em laboratório, exceto para a menor concentração do vírus. A densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi avaliada antes (pré-contagem) e 5, 8 e 12 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos nas plantas de soja. Todas as concentrações do isolado Chin-IA (I-A) reduziram o consumo e o período de alimentação das lagartas falsa-medideira, mostrando 100% de mortalidade entre 3 ­ 4 dias, sem diferir do tratamento com o inseticida químico. Depois de oito dias após a aplicação do vírus no campo, a densidade populacional de lagartas pequenas e grandes foi reduzida, promovendo um controle satisfatório. Esses resultados mostram o evidente potencial de ChinNPV na redução do poder de desfolha, mantendo a população das lagartas falsa-medideira abaixo do nível de controle, e indicam o seu uso como um método complementar no manejo integrado dessa praga em culturas de soja.(AU)

Characterization of a Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus Isolate from Brazilian Cerrado and Assessment of its Co-Infection with Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus

Abstract Chrysodeixis includens has become the major Lepidopteran pest of soybean crops, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) region. A native isolate of Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV) from this region, Buritis, MG, was assessed for its biological and molecular features. In addition, in vitro co-infection with Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV), another virus of an important soybean pest, was tested. The ChinNPV-Buritis isolate presented an average LC50 of 7,750 occlusion bodies (OBs)/ml of diet in C. includens larvae. Analysis of restriction endonuclease profiles of viral DNA revealed similarities with previously described ChinNPV isolates IE, IF, and IG from Brazil, although the presence of submolar bands indicates genetic heterogeneity. Optical microscopy analysis in conjunction with quantitative PCR (qPCR) demonstrated in vitro infection of this isolate in IPLB-SF-21AE, Sf9, and BTI-Tn-5B1-4 cell lines, but the amount of ChinNPV tends to decrease through serial passages. The qPCR method developed in this study successfully detected both AgMNPV and ChinNPV from cell culture and from infected larvae. The cell line Tn-5B1-4 is indicated for future development of in vitro production and co-infection studies.

Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin

Abstract The mortality of the Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae caused by the kaolin inert powder and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were determined under laboratory conditions. Using the caterpillar submersion method, the CG 138 B. bassiana isolate was more pathogenic to A. argillacea than the CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634, and ESALQ 645. All five tested isolates caused similar mortality of C. includens. The mortality of first-instar larvae of A. argillacea and C. includens by feeding on leaf-disc impregnated with B. bassiana (CG 138) and kaolin was also determined. Higher A. argillacea mortalities were observed in the B. bassiana (CG 138) treatments, regardless of the presence of kaolin. However, the activity of kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) against C. includens was higher than each ingredient alone, indicating an additive action against C. includes larvae. The mortality of A. argillacea and C. includens larvae treated with kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) was similar, and the A. argillacea mortality was higher than that of C. includens with kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) separated. The treatment kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) is promising for the simultaneous management of these two defoliator pests, mainly A. includes. In addition, the monophagous A. argillacea is more susceptible to both kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) than the polyphagous C. includens, suggesting that the nutritional ecology plays an important role in the susceptibility of these defoliator species to alternative insecticides.

Resumo A mortalidade de larvas de Alabama argillacea e Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), causada pelo pó inerte do caulim e pelo fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana, foi determinada em condições de laboratório. Usando o método de submersão da lagarta, o isolado CG 138 de B. bassiana foi mais patogênico para A. argillacea que os CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634 e ESALQ 645 desse fungo. Os cinco isolados testados causaram mortalidade semelhante de C. includens. A mortalidade de larvas de primeiro ínstar de A. argillacea e C. includens pelo método de alimentação em discos foliares impregnados com B. bassiana (CG 138) e caulim foi, também, determinada. A mortalidade de A. argillacea foi maior nos tratamentos com B. bassiana (CG 138), independentemente da presença do caulim. A atividade do caulim + B. bassiana (CG 138) contra C. includens foi maior que cada ingrediente isolado, indicando ação aditiva contra larvas desse Lepidoptera. A mortalidade de larvas de A. argillacea e C. includens, com caulim + B. bassiana (CG 138), foi semelhante e as de A. argillacea maiores que as de C. includens com caulim e B. bassiana (GC 138) isoladamente. O tratamento caulin + B. bassiana (CG 138) é promissor para o manejo simultâneo dessas duas pragas desfolhadoras, principalmente A. includens. Além disso, a monófaga, A. argilacea, é mais suscetível ao caulim e à B. bassiana (GC 138) que a polífaga, C. includens, sugerindo que a ecologia nutricional desempenha papel importante na suscetibilidade dessas espécies desfolhadoras a inseticidas alternativos.

Occurrence of Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybeans in Brazil / Ocorrência de Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja no Brasil

In this study, we report the occurrence of Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) in soybean crops in Brazil. S. sueroides worms were observed defoliating soybean crops in the municipality of Itaporã, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The occurrence of this species has also been reported in the cities of Laguna Carapã, Itaquiraí, Dourados, Aral Moreira, and Chapadão do Sul, all in the same state, and the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis, in Mato Grosso state.(AU)

Neste trabalho é relatada a ocorrência de Selenisa sueroides (Guenée, 1852) na cultura da soja no Brasil. S. sueroides foi observada desfolhando a cultura da soja no município de Itaporã, Mato Grosso do Sul. A ocorrência da espécie vem sendo notada também nas cidades de Laguna Carapã, Itaquiraí, Dourados, Aral Moreira e Chapadão do Sul, no mesmo estado, além do município de Campo Novo do Parecis, no Mato Grosso.(AU)

Desempenho de tricogramatídeos como potenciais agentes de controle de Pseudoplusia includens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) / Performance of trichogrammatids as biocontrol agents of Pseudoplusia includens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Este estudo objetivou selecionar as linhagens de tricogramatídeos mais adequadas ao controle da lagarta falsa-medideira, Pseudoplusia includens Walker. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biológicos e a taxa de parasitismo de 11 linhagens de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, uma linhagem de Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner e uma linhagem de Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis, criadas em ovos de P. includens. Entre as espécies/linhagens avaliadas, a linhagem T. pretiosum RV, coletada em Rio Verde, GO, apresentou o ciclo de desenvolvimento mais rápido e a maior porcentagem de parasitismo em ovos de P. includens. Não houve diferença no parasitismo e no número de parasitóides emergidos por ovo entre as espécies e linhagens de parasitóides avaliadas. De acordo com a análise de agrupamento (cluster analysis), a linhagem RV criada em ovos de P. includens teve o melhor desempenho. Apresentou maior taxa de parasitismo, menor duração do ciclo biológico, alta sobrevivência e predominância de fêmeas, sendo a mais indicada a ser utilizada em liberações de campo visando ao controle de P. includens.

This research aimed to point out the most suitable trichogrammatid strains to control the soybean looper Pseudoplusia includes Walker. Biological parameters and parasitism ratio of 11 Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, one Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner and one Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis strains reared on P. includens eggs were evaluated. Among all tested strains/species, T. pretiosum strain RV, collected in Rio Verde, GO, had the fastest development cycle and the highest percentage of parasitism of P. includens eggs. There was no difference in the parasitism and in the number of parasitoid emerged per egg among the tested parasitoid species and strains. Accordingly to the cluster analysis, T. pretiosum strain RV reared on P. includens eggs had the best performance. Considering the higher parasitism rate, shorter biological cycle, higher survival and sex ratio, T. pretiosum strain RV is the most appropriated to be used in field releases aiming at P. includens control.

Comportamento de chamamento de Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) em Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus grandis e em dieta artificial / Calling behavior of Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) reared on Psidium guajava and Eucalyptus grandis host-plant leaves and on artificial diet

This work was carried out to determine and compare the effects of three diets (Psidium guajava and Eucalyptus grandis host-plant leaves and artificial diet) on the calling behavior and on thetemporal pattern of calling behavior of Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll). All activities of virgin females during six scotophases were observed in the laboratory at 5min. intervals until the females stoppedcalling in the following photophase, at 22 ± 1oC, 70 ± 5% RH and 10h scotophase. The diets affected the calling behavior of T. arnobia. Two positions of calling were observed. Calling of female virgins started in the first hour immediately after emergence. The calling pattern was characteristic of the continuous pattern. The type of diet affected the mean onset of calling time (pre-calling) and the total time calling ofT. arnobia. Older females called earlier than younger after the onset of scotophase. The diets affected the color of pheromone gland.

Este estudo teve como objetivos determinar e comparar o efeito de três dietas: Psidium guajava, Eucalyptus grandis e dieta artificial no comportamento de chamamento e no padrão temporal do comportamento de chamamento de fêmeas virgens de Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll). Foram analisados os parâmetros: tempo médio para o início do chamamento, número médio de chamamento, tempo médiode cada chamamento e tempo médio total de chamamento. Os bioensaios relacionados ao comportamento de chamamento de fêmeas virgens foram realizados durante seis escotofases consecutivas e as observações tomadas a cada 5 min., a 22 ± 1oC, 70 ± 5% de UR e 10h de escotofase. As fêmeas,independente da dieta analisada, apresentaram duas posições diferentes de chamamento. A maioria das fêmeas virgens iniciou o chamamento na 1a hora da 1a escotofase. O padrão de chamamento da fêmea individualizada foi característico de um padrão contínuo. O tipo de dieta oferecida na fase larvalinfluenciou o início do comportamento de chamamento (pré-chamamento) e o tempo médio total de chamamento. O tipo de dieta também alterou a coloração da glândula de feromônio.

Ocorrência de Perigonia lusca (Fabr. ) (Lep.: Sphingidae) em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) no Brasil / Occurency of Perigonia lusca (Fabr. ) (Lep., Sphingidae) in Ilex paraguariensis plantation in Brazil

This is the first register of Perigonia lusca (Fabr.) (Lep., Sphingidae) in Ilex paraguariensis plantation in Brazil.

Este é o primeiro registro de Perigonia lusca (Fabr.) (Lep.: Sphingidae) em erva-mate no Brasil.