Résumé
Oral health is indeed a challenge for the urban poor. Majority of the patients spend from their pocket, which aggravates their financial condition. It is paramount for the government and the healthcare industry to adopt a value-based approach to redress the oral health lapses for the underserved population. Micro health insurance (MHI) can have a game changing effect on the oral healthcare space too, if concerned stakeholders build the right partner network. Aim of the study was to discuss the principal features, basic structure, and functioning of a few MHI schemes, and presents a hypothetical model of MHI which can be implemented in dentistry. Literature search was conducted in two main databases, pubmed and cochrane, using key phrases such as “community based health insurance,” “micro health insurance,” micro or community based health insurance,” and “health insurance and financial protection”. Articles published in last ten years with full texts were considered. 23 schemes were eligible for the systematic review. Our analysis shows that MHI, in the majority of cases, contributes to the financial protection of its beneficiaries, by reducing out of pocket health expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure, household borrowings and poverty. However, the studies did not affirm oral health benefits. The importance of oral healthcare in India is superficial. Focus on oral healthcare can be achieved only if the impending cost due to out of pocket payments can be supplanted with a more affordable and dynamic payment model. With MHI extended to oral healthcare, India can certainly achieve its SDG goal. It’s time to look beyond.
Résumé
A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of MHI148-clorgyline amide (NMI-amide), a novel tumor-targeting monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, in mouse plasma. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability and then applied to a pharmacokinetic study of NMI-amide in mice following intravenous administration. NMI-amide together with the internal standard (IS), MHI-148, was extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantification of NMI-amide by detecting m/z transition of 491.2–361.9, and 685.3–258.2 for NMI-amide and the IS, respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the HPLC–MS/MS method for NMI-amide was 0.005 μg/mL and the linear calibration curve was acquired with R2> 0.99 in the concentration range of 0.005–2 μg/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the assay were assessed by percentage of the coefficient of variations, which was within 9.8% at LLOQ and 14.0% for other quality control samples, whereas the mean accuracy ranged from 86.8% to 113.2%. The samples were stable under storage and experimental conditions. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice following intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg NMI-amide.
Résumé
Background: Micro insurance for health is one method to address unmet health needs. Women are the primary and target market for micro- insurance for health. The study was conducted to assess the level of awareness on maternal health services among the micro health insurance beneficiaries. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 230 micro health insurance beneficiaries and 223 non-insured. The beneficiaries belonged to SAJIDA Foundation under Keraniganj thana and the non- insured belonged to Basila under Mohammadpur thana of Dhaka district. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the sample and data were collected by face to face interview using a structured interview schedule. Results: The mean age ± SD of the women were 28.1 years ± 5.7 and 24.8 years ± 4.9 in program and comparison area respectively. The mean family income of the respondents of program and comparison area were 14489.13 Tk ± 12641.17 and 6814.35 Tk ± 3010. The women of the program area were more aware about the different components of maternal health than that of comparison area. Majority (93.9%) of women in program area were fully aware of maternal health services than that of comparison area (55.6%). Statistically significant (P <0.001, 2 = 90.72, df = 2) association was found between micro health insurance and level of awareness. Conclusions: Study shows higher proportions of women in programme area were aware on different components of maternal health services than in comparison area. Based on the study findings it can be recommended that steps should be taken to further improvement of the level of awareness on the factors influencing maternal health and the comparison area needs special attention to improve maternal health.