Multi-focal Myxopapillary Ependymoma in the Lumbar and Sacral Regions Requiring Cranio-spinal Radiation Therapy: A Case Report

Ependymomas are uncommon tumors that arise in the brain, spinal cord or cauda equina. Myxopapillary ependymomas is located exclusively in the conus medullaris or cauda equina, or film terminale region. In most myxopapillary ependymomas, the histological examination reveals low mitotic activity that is associated with a low MIB-1 labeling index (LI). The prognosis is generally favorable, when the appropriate treatment, including a total resection, is performed. The authors encountered a 39-year-old man with multifocal type of myxopapillary ependymomas compressing the cauda equina from the L2 to L3 level and L5-S1 level. A subtotal resection of the tumor was carried out. The histological examination revealed extremely high mitotic activity with a MIB-1 LI of 9.1%. Therefore, cranio-spinal radiation was added after surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful over the 3.5 year follow-up period.

Assessment of cell proliferation and prognostic factors in canine mammary gland tumors / Avaliação da proliferação celular e fatores prognósticos em tumores mamários caninos

Three methods for the analysis of cell proliferation, mitotic index/10 high-power fields (10 HPF), mitotic index/four sets of 10 HPF (40 HPF), and MIB-1 index were evaluated in a series of canine mammary gland tumors, as well as the possible correlation between them. Fifty-six canine mammary gland tumors, including 23 benign and 33 malignant, were studied. In addition, the prognostic impact of mitotic index/10 HPF, and histological malignancy grade were evaluated in 17 malignant tumors, being seven ductal and 10 metaplastic carcinomas. The three methods used to evaluate cell proliferation were correlated with the prognostic impact of mitotic index/10 HPF and histological malignancy grade. The results showed a strong association between mitotic figure counts and MIB-1 index (P<0.0001). A correlation was observed between mitotic count per 40 HPF and MIB-1, and between mitotic index per 10 HPF and 40 HPF (P<0.05). Moreover, histological malignancy grade and mitotic figure counts were excellent prognostic factors during three-year follow-up (P<0.05). There was a correlation between the three methods used for the evaluation of cell proliferation and prognostic factors as observed in human breast cancer studies.

Avaliaram-se três métodos de proliferação celular, índice mitótico/10 campos de grande aumento (10 CGA), quatro vezes 10 CGA (40 CGA) e índice de marcação por MIB-1, em uma série de tumores mamários caninos, e as possíveis correlações entre estes métodos. Foram estudados 56 tumores mamários caninos, 23 benignos e 33 malignos. Foi também avaliado o impacto prognóstico do índice mitótico (10 CGA) e o grau histológico maligno em 17 tumores malignos, sete carcinomas ductais e 10 carcinomas metaplásicos. A correlação entre os três métodos para avaliar a proliferação celular e o impacto prognóstico do índice mitótico por 10 CGA e o grau histológico maligno foi realizada. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma forte associação entre contagem de mitose e o índice de marcação por MIB-1(P<0,0001) e correlação entre contagem de mitoses em 40 CGA e índice de marcação por MIB-1 e entre índice mitótico em 10 CGA e 40 CGA (P<0,05). Observou-se correlação entre os três métodos de avaliação da proliferação celular e os fatores prognósticos semelhante aos estudos de câncer de mama humano.

Correlation between p53 and MIB1 Index Expression of Primary Tumor and Metastatic Lymph Node in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively. Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up-regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.

Correlation between p53 and MIB1 Index Expression of Primary Tumor and Metastatic Lymph Node in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively.Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up- regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.

Correlation between p53 and MIB1 Index Expression of Primary Tumor and Metastatic Lymph Node in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis and differences in the biologic status between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of invasive breast cancer by comparing the well known prognostic factors p53 gene mutation, p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 index. An additional goal was to investigate the p53 mutational pattern of breast cancer patients. METHODS: We used the PCR-SSCP method to detect p53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical staining to establish p53 protein expression and the MIB-1 labelling index in 25 primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. We then made a comparison the between primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results indicated a correlation between histologic grade and p53 gene mutation as well as p53 protein expression, but showed no correlation to MIB-1 labelling index. The concordance rates of p53 gene mutation and p53 protein expression between the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% and 100%, respectively.Three cases showed a different mutated exon number between the primary tumors and the metastatic lymph nodes. Some cases showed p53 gene mutation only in the primary tumors, but while other cases only in the metastatic lymph nodes. The MIB-1 labelling index increased with tumor grade. The p53 altered group show a higher mean MIB-1 index than the non altered group's in both the primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation is not consistent with p53 protein expression and there are some differences in p53 gene mutation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Therefore, metastatic tumor have different characteristics from those of primary tumors. In breast cancer, metastasis is regulated not only by an up- regulating mechanism but also by a down-regulating mechanism.