Paisagem e sua relação com o lazer nos planos diretores de Campinas / Landscape and its relatioship with leisure in Campinas master plans

Este estudo analisa a operacionalização do conceito de paisagem nos Planos Diretores de Campinas de 2006 e 2016. Metodologicamente, foram analisadas as legislações em busca dos termos-chave "lazer" e "paisagem" e suas interações. Ainda que o Estatuto da Cidade (2001) vise ordenar as funções sociais da propriedade urbana, sua abordagem generalista carece de diretrizes específicas para os Planos Diretores, deixando lacunas na definição de aspectos como lazer e paisagem. Os Planos Diretores campineiros historicamente deram pouco espaço à tais temas; somente a partir de 2006 houve uma incorporação mais profunda desses aspectos, especialmente em 2018, onde o lazer passou a ser considerado como um direito social e a paisagem foi abordada de forma mais abrangente.

This study examines the operationalization of the landscape concept in the Master Plans of Campinas from 2006 to 2016. Methodologically, legislation was analyzed to identify key terms such as "recreation" and "landscape" and their interactions. Although the City Statute (2001) aims to organize the social functions of urban property, its generalist approach lacks specific guidelines for Master Plans, resulting in gaps in defining aspects like recreation and landscape. Historically, Campinas' Master Plans have given little attention to such topics; only from 2006 onward has there been a deeper incorporation, particularly in 2018, where recreation is recognized as a social right and landscape is addressed more comprehensively.

El programa de Ciencias Médicas Odontológicas y de la Salud del Posgrado General de la UNAM (2011 a 2023) / The Medical, Dental, and Health Sciences Program of the General Postgraduate Program at UNAM (2011 to 2023)

Resumen Después de varias décadas, el Programa de Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud sigue formando investigadores que integran las diversas instituciones en donde labora personal de salud. Es notable cómo algunos campos han crecido y cómo se ha incrementado la participación de las mujeres, tanto en maestría como en doctorado. Se presenta un panorama general de ingreso y graduación de acuerdo con los campos de conocimiento y por el sexo de las personas. Se hace un comentario sobre los cambios en las personas que dirigen instituciones que, en algunos casos, por más de 100 años eran dirigidas por personas del sexo masculino.

Abstract By reviewing the scientific literature specialized in sleep disorders (TS) carried out in Mexico, especially at the TS Clinic (Faculty of Medicine-UNAM) at the General Hospital of Mexico (CTS-HGM) from 1948 to 2020, it was possible to document the history of ST research in Mexico and the role played by the CTS-HGM. Sleep Medicine (MS) is one of the newest specialties in Mexico and case research in this field began around 1948, while formal research in 1974. The founding of CTS-HGM in 1997 led to significant development in TS research in Mexico. In addition, the CTS-HGM became a center of care for patients with these problems, as well as important research center since its publications cover all the diagnostic categories of the CITS.

Development of the robotic digestive endoscope system and an experimental study on mechanistic model and living animals (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To develop a robotic digestive endoscope system (RDES) and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and control performance by experiments.Methods:The RDES was designed based on the master-slave control system, which consisted of 3 parts: the integrated endoscope, including a knob and button robotic control system integrated with a gastroscope; the robotic mechanical arm system, including the base and arm, as well as the endoscopic advance-retreat control device (force-feedback function was designed) and the endoscopic axial rotation control device; the control console, including a master manipulator and an image monitor. The operator sit far away from the endoscope and controlled the master manipulator to bend the end of the endoscope and to control advance, retract and rotation of the endoscope. The air supply, water supply, suction, figure fixing and motion scaling switching was realized by pressing buttons on the master manipulator. In the endoscopy experiments performed on live pigs, 5 physicians each were in the beginner and advanced groups. Each operator operated RDES and traditional endoscope (2 weeks interval) to perform porcine gastroscopy 6 times, comparing the examination time. In the experiment of endoscopic circle drawing on the inner wall of the simulated stomach model, each operator in the two groups operated RDES 1∶1 motion scaling, 5∶1 motion scaling and ordinary endoscope to complete endoscopic circle drawing 6 times, comparing the completion time, accuracy (i.e. trajectory deviation) and workload.Results:RDES was operated normally with good force feedback function. All porcine in vivo gastroscopies were successful, without mucosal injury, bleeding or perforation. In beginner and advanced groups, the examination time of both RDES and ordinary endoscopy tended to decrease as the number of operations increased, but the decrease in time was greater for operating RDES than for operating ordinary endoscope (beginner group P=0.033; advanced group P=0.023). In the beginner group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 motion scaling or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had shorter completion time [1.68 (1.40, 2.17) min, 1.73 (1.47, 2.37) min VS 4.13 (2.27, 5.16) min, H=32.506, P<0.001], better trajectory deviation (0.50±0.11 mm, 0.46±0.11 mm VS 0.82±0.26 mm, F=38.999, P<0.001], and less workload [42.00 (30.00, 50.33) points, 43.33 (35.33, 54.00) points VS 52.67 (48.67, 63.33) points, H=20.056, P<0.001] than operating ordinary endoscope. In the advanced group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had longer completion time than operating ordinary endoscope [1.72 (1.37, 2.53) min, 1.57 (1.25, 2.58) min VS 1.15 (0.86, 1.58) min, H=13.233, P=0.001], but trajectory deviation [0.47 (0.13, 0.57) mm, 0.44 (0.39, 0.58) mm VS 0.52 (0.42, 0.59) mm, H=3.202, P=0.202] and workload (44.62±21.77 points, 41.24±12.57 points VS 44.71±17.92 points, F=0.369, P=0.693) were not different from those of the ordinary endoscope. Conclusion:The RDES enables remote control, greatly reducing the endoscopists' workload. Additionally, it gives full play to the cooperative motion function of the large and small endoscopic knobs, making the control more flexible. Finally, it increases motion scaling switching function to make the control of endoscope more flexible and more accurate. It is also easy for beginners to learn and master, and can shorten the training period. So it can provide the possibility of remote endoscopic control and fully automated robotic endoscope.

Accuracy of infiltrating B ultrasound guided A-scan segment biometric measurement of axial length in dense cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe the accuracy of infiltrating B ultrasound guided A-scan segment biometric measurement of axial length in dense cataract.METHODS: Perspective study. A total of 86 patients(90 eyes)with dense cataract were selected from Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital from August 2020 to August 2022. There were 61 males(59 eyes)males and 25 females(31 eyes)females, with an average age of 66.49±14.55 years. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD)(including corneal thickness), corneal curvature(K), lens thickness(LT), central corneal thickness(CCT), and white-to-white(WTW)were measured preoperatively by contact A-scan, infiltrating B ultrasound guided segmented A-scan, and IOL Master 700, respectively. At 1 wk postoperatively, AL was retested by IOL Master 700 in aphakic mode. Furthermore, the agreements and correlations of AL obtained by the three kinds of devices were analyzed.RESULTS:The AL measured by contact A-scan and infiltrating B ultrasound guided segmented A-scan were 23.40(22.63, 23.89)mm and 23.70(23.04, 24.25)mm, respectively, and the AL measured by IOL Master 700 at 1 wk postoperatively was 23.72(23.01, 24.27)mm. There were statistical significant difference in AL measured by the three methods(P=0.018), while there were no statistical significant difference in AL measured by infiltrating B ultrasound guided segmented A-scan and IOL Master 700(P=0.991). Bland-Altman analysis showed that there was a good agreement in AL measured by infiltrating B ultrasound guided segmented A-scan and IOL Master 700(P=0.0809). The AL measured by infiltrating B ultrasound guided segmented A-scan and IOL Master 700 was positively correlated(rs=0.992, P&#x003C;0.0001), and the AL was positively correlated between preoperative contact A-scan and postoperative IOL Master 700(rs=0.989, P&#x003C;0.0001).CONCLUSION:For dense cataract, infiltrating B ultrasound guided A-scan segment biometric measurement, which has good correlations and agreement, is closer to the AL measured by IOL Master 700 postoperatively than that measured by contact A-scan.

Comparison of IOL Master 700 versus Lenstar LS900 for preoperative biometric measurement and intraocular lens calculation in cataract patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare the differences, correlations and consistency of IOL Master 700 or Lenstar LS900 in preoperative ocular biometry and the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL)degree calculation of cataract patients with high myopia.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 136 cases(136 eyes)of high myopia and cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification at the ophthalmology department of Army Medical Center of PLA from March 2021 to March 2023 were collected, with a mean age of 57.38±8.08 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on axial length(AL): 41 eyes in group A(26 mm≤ AL ≤28 mm), 43 eyes in group B(28 mm&#x003C; AL ≤30 mm)and 52 eyes in group C(AL &#x003E;30 mm). AL, mean keratometry(Km), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT)and white-to-white(WTW)were preoperatively measured by two instruments, respectively. Barrett Universal II formula was used to calculate the IOL degrees of all patients, the appropriate reserved diopter was decided individually, and the prediction error(PE)and absolute error(AE)of the two instruments were compared.RESULTS:The AL and ACD of patients in the three groups measured by Lenstar LS900 were higher than the AL measurd by IOL Master 700(all P&#x003C;0.05), with a difference of AL measured by the two devices: group C&#x003E;group B&#x003E;group A. However, there was no statistical significance in LT, Km, and WTW measured by the two instruments(all P&#x003E;0.05). All biometric parameters measured by the two devices were positively correlated(all r&#x003E;0.9, P&#x003C;0.05), and consistent(95% LoA of all groups were narrow). There was no statistically significant difference in AE calculated by the two devices(P&#x003E;0.05), but the IOL Master 700 calculated a smaller PE than Lenstar LS900(P&#x003C;0.05), with lower percentage of hyperopic shift in IOL Master 700.CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia, AL measured by Lenstar LS900 is longer than that by IOL Master 700, and the differences of AL increase along with the growth of AL. Both devices have a good prediction for IOL calculation, but IOL Master 700 has less refractive error, lower percentage of hyperopic shift, and greater clinical advantages IOL Master 700.

Accuracy of four formulas in predicting diopter of intraocular lens implanted in high myopia cataract eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of the formulas, including Haigis, SRK/T, Holladay 1, and Holladay 2, in predicting the diopter of the intraocular lens implanted in high myopia cataract patients.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 168 cases(168 eyes)of age-related cataract with an axial length(AL)≥26 mm who were treated in our hospital from August 2017 to November 2021 were selected. According to the preoperative AL measured by IOL Master 700, the patients were divided into five groups, including 37 cases(37 eyes)in group A with 26 mm≤AL&#x003C;27 mm, 34 cases(34 eyes)in group B with 27 mm≤AL&#x003C;28 mm, 42 cases(42 eyes)in group C with 28 mm≤AL&#x003C;29 mm, 28 cases(28 eyes)in group D with 29 mm≤AL&#x003C;30 mm, and 27 patients(27 eyes)in group E with AL ≥ 30 mm. Subjective refraction was performed at 3 mo postoperatively, and the mean numerical error(MNE)and mean absolute error(MAE)of each formula for predicting diopters were calculated.RESULTS: The MNE and MAE of the Haigis and Holladay 2 formulas were relatively less in each group, and MNE and MAE did not significantly increase with the growth of the axial length. However, the MAE and MNE of the SRK/T and Holladay 1 formulas significantly increased with the growth of the axial length, with the MNE and MAE of the Holladay 1 formula increasing more significantly in groups C, D, and E.CONCLUSION: For patients with age-related cataract, with an axial length of ≥26 mm, the accuracy of predicting the diopter of the intraocular lens using the Haigis and Holladay 2 formulas were higher.

Analysis of ocular biometric parameters in Tibetan patients with age-related cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To compare the differences of ocular biometric parameters of age-related cataract between Tibetan and Han ethnic groups, and to analyze the distribution characteristics of ocular biometric parameters in Tibetan cataract patients.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study. A total of 661 patients(1 030 eyes)with age-related cataract confirmed in the hospital between January 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. The parameters of axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry, corneal astigmatism and astigmatic axis were measured by IOL Master 500 in 483 cases(739 eyes)of Tibetan age-related cataract patients and 178 cases(291 eyes)of Han patients.RESULTS:The axial length, anterior chamber depth and corneal astigmatism of the Tibetan patients with age-related cataract were 23.33(22.81, 23.86)mm, 3.04(2.79, 3.30)mm and 0.73(0.47, 1.07)D. The mean keratometry was 43.89±1.35 D. The results indicated that Tibetan cataract patients had shorter axial lengths and smaller keratometry compared to Han patients(all P&#x003C;0.05). Age in Tibetan patients was negatively correlated with axial length and anterior chamber depth, and positively correlated with keratometry(all P&#x003C;0.05). Tibetan male patients had longer axial lengths, deeper anterior chambers, and flatter corneas compared to female patients(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:There were differences in ocular biometric parameters between age-related cataract patients of Tibetan and Han ethnicities. The distribution of ocular biometric parameters in Tibetan cataract patients varied across different age groups and gender groups.

Desfazer o Mestre, ou Reinventar a Ordem: Apontamentos para uma Psicanálise Política / Undoing the Master, or Reinventing Order: Notes for a Political Psychoanalysis / Deshacer el Amo, o Reinventar el Orden: Apuntes para un Psicoanálisis Político

Este texto trabalha as instâncias da verdade e da história, nas suas relações com a ficção. As condições singulares de cada uma dessas três instâncias encontram pontos de convergência em um campo mais pragmático quando pensadas as suas incidências no plano de imanência do Mestre, personagem conceitual que em algumas formulações lacanianas é representado pelo termo S1 - em uma tentativa de aludir à função do significante que ocupa a posição de primeiro em relação a uma cadeia de significantes que o sucede. Por um método investigativo bibliográfico, fazemos permanecer a questão: podemos oferecer aportes e vias epistêmicas alternativos para uma prática conceitual e clínica psicanalítica que suponha este Mestre, S1, enquanto produção em um só-depois? Faz-se uma segunda interpelação: quais são as potencialidades de uma retomada do corpo conceitual psicanalítico desde a conexão com estudos sobre gênero, colonialidade e relações raciais - y como tal conexão pode oferecer desvios felizes a este campo de pensamento?

This text intertwines the instances of truth, history and fiction. The unique conditions of each of these three instances converge in a more pragmatic field when considering their impact on the plane of immanence of the Master, a conceptual character that in some Lacanian formulations is represented by the term S1 - in an attempt to allude to the function of a precedent signifier related to a chain of signifiers that follows it. Through a bibliographical investigative method, we sustain the question: can we conceive alternative epistemologies for the conceptual and clinical practice of a psychoanalysis that assumes this Master, S1, as a production in an après-coup? Inherently, a second question arises: what are the potentialities of reclaiming a conceptual psychoanalytical corpus from the connection with studies on gender, coloniality and racial relations - and how this operation can offer optimal deviations to the field of psychoanalytic thought?

Este texto trabaja las relaciones entre las instancias de la verdad, de la historia y sus relaciones con la ficción. Las condiciones sigulares de cada una de estas tres instancias encuentran puntos de convergencia en un campo más pragmático al considerar su incidencia en el plano de inmanencia del Amo, carácter conceptual que en algunas formulaciones lacanianas se representa con el término S1 - en un intento de aludir a la función del significante que ocupa la posición de primero en relación a una cadena de significantes siguientes. A través de un método investigativo bibliográfico, hacemos con que permanezca la cuestión: ¿podemos ofrecer epistemologías alternativas para la práctica conceptual y clínica de un psicoanálisis que asuma este Amo, S1, como producción en un après-coup? Paralelamente, surge una segunda interpelación: ¿cuáles son las potencialidades de una recuperación del cuerpo conceptual psicoanalítico a partir de la conexión con los estudios sobre género, colonialidad y relaciones raciales - y cómo esta conección puede ofrecer desviaciones positivas al campo del pensamiento psicoanalítico?

Insulina tópica en el tratamiento del defecto epitelial persistente posúlcera corneal grave / Topical insulin for treating persistent post-severe corneal ulcer epithelial defect

El tratamiento del defecto epitelial refractario es un reto y está sujeto al desarrollo de estudios preclínicos y clínicos con el objetivo de obtener tratamientos eficaces, entre los que emerge la insulina tópica. El objetivo del presente artículo fue describir la respuesta cicatrizal del epitelio corneal bajo tratamiento con colirio de insulina. Se presentan dos pacientes con diagnóstico de defecto epitelial persistente posúlcera corneal. Se indicó insulina tópica una gota cada 6 horas, con evolución hacia la epitelización corneal total a los 10 días de iniciado el tratamiento. Se sugiere el mecanismo por el cual la insulina promueve la cicatrización corneal al lograr la restauración de los nervios corneales y favorecer la migración de células epiteliales. En ambos casos el colirio de insulina logró la promover la cicatrización epitelial total de la córnea por lo que se es útil en el tratamiento de defecto epitelial persistente(AU)

The treatment of refractory epithelial defect is a challenge and depends upon the development of preclinical or clinical studies aimed at obtaining effective treatments, among which topical insulin emerges. The objective of this article was to describe the healing response of the corneal epithelium under treatment with insulin eye drops. The cases are presented of two patients with a diagnosis of persistent post-corneal ulcer epithelial defect. Topical insulin was prescribed at one drop every six hours, with evolution towards total corneal epithelialization ten days after the treatment started. The mechanism is suggested by which insulin promotes corneal healing, thus restoring corneal nerves and favoring epithelial cell migration. In both cases, the insulin eye drops were able to promote total epithelial healing of the cornea, making it useful in the treatment of persistent epithelial defect(AU)

Evaluación del impacto del programa de maestría Medios Diagnósticos en la universidad médica matancera / Impact Assessment of the Program of the Master's Degree in Diagnostic Means from the Matanzas Medical University

Introducción: El posgrado en salud, en especial el desarrollo de los programas de maestrías, constituye fuente de investigación para la evaluación del impacto, por la importancia que reviste para la calidad académica y la mejora continua de los programas de formación. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que produce a nivel individual, institucional y social-comunitario el programa de la maestría Medios Diagnósticos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Métodos: Se realizó un proyecto de evaluación de impacto, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo, durante el período comprendido entre 2019 y 2022, con la aplicación de un procedimiento seleccionado que permitió demostrar la calidad del programa de la maestría objeto de estudio. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para determinar la calidad del programa de formación y sus transformaciones. Resultados: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría permitió conocer elementos esenciales para el desarrollo del programa en la institución y los rasgos que caracterizan los procedimientos existentes para dicho fin; asimismo, se obtuvo información relevante sobre la influencia del programa y las transformaciones obtenidas a nivel personal, institucional y social-comunitario. Conclusiones: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría objeto de estudio, con la aplicación del procedimiento seleccionado, constituyó una vía pertinente para medir los resultados del programa y su influencia en el desarrollo personal, institucional y en lo social-comunitario, lo que permitió la retroalimentación para la mejora continua del programa de formación(AU)

Introduction: Health postgraduate studies, especially the development of master's degree programs, are sources of research for assessing impact, due to their importance for academic quality and the continuous improvement of training programs. Objective: To assess the impact at the individual, institutional and social-community level produced by the program of the master's degree in Diagnostic Means from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Methods: An analytical, longitudinal and prospective project for assessing impact was carried out during the period from 2019 to 2022, with the application of a selected procedure that allowed demonstrating the quality of the master's degree program under study. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied to determine the quality of the training program and its transformations. Results: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree program made it possible to know essential elements for the development of the program at the institution and the features that characterize the existing procedures for that purpose; likewise, relevant information was obtained on the influence of the program and the transformations obtained at the personal, institutional and social-community levels. Conclusions: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree under study, with the application of the selected procedure, was a pertinent way to measure the outcomes of the program and its influence on personal, institutional and social-community development, which allowed feedback for the continuous improvement of the training program(AU)

Impacto de la maestría en la formación investigativa de sus egresados a través de sus publicaciones / The Master's Degree in Research Training's Impact on its Graduates, Analyzed through their Publications

Introducción: La Maestría en Investigación en Aterosclerosis constituye una propuesta académica para elevar la calidad de la formación en salud sobre la base de métodos de investigación y aterosclerosis. Evaluar el impacto de su formación científica, evidenciará la relación causa-efecto entre la acción de superación y el comportamiento en el desempeño. Existen criterios de medida que sirven para hacerlo. Este trabajo empleó la publicación de artículos científicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la maestría mediante el efecto producido sobre el desempeño investigativo de los graduados, a través de sus publicaciones en revistas científicas. Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se buscaron publicaciones de alumnos de tres ediciones en Google Académico. El criterio de desempeño investigativo evaluado fue el de artículos publicados. Se midieron las publicaciones de artículos científicos en cuanto a cantidad, calidad y extensión, en dos etapas; se compararon para medir impacto. Resultados: Se incrementaron significativamente los artículos originales y las revisiones bibliográficas en la segunda etapa. Se identificaron graduados más productivos, más citados, líderes; se publicó más en revistas grupo I. Las palabras clave estaban relacionadas con la aterosclerosis; se hallaron diferentes tipos de colaboración. Conclusiones: El incremento de publicaciones, especialmente artículos científicos con mayor liderazgo y colaboración en los últimos años, de citas y predominio en bases de datos internacionales, fueron muestra de productividad, visibilidad e impacto de la actividad científica(AU)

Introduction: The master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research is an academic proposal to raise the quality of health training based on research methods and atherosclerosis. To assess the impact of scientific training will show the cause-effect relationship between improvement action and performance behavior. There are measurement criteria that serve to this purpose. This work used the publication of scientific articles. Objective: To assess the impact of the master's degree through the effect produced on the research performance of graduates, through their publications in scientific journals. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective bibliometric study was carried out, searching, in Google Scholar, for publications by students from three editions. The assessed research performance criterion was the number of published articles. Publications of scientific articles were measured in terms of quantity, quality and length, in two stages; they were compared to measure impact. Results: Original articles and bibliographic reviews increased significantly in the second stage. More productive and more cited leading graduates were identified; more articles were published in group I journals. The keywords were related to atherosclerosis; different types of collaboration were found. Conclusions: The increase in publications, especially scientific articles with higher leadership and collaboration in recent years, as well as in citations and the predominance of representativeness in international databases, evidenced productivity, visibility and impact of the scientific activity(AU)

Conocimientos básicos para la preparación y uso de fórmulas magistrales en oftalmología / Basic Knowledge for the Preparation and Use of Masterful Formulas in Ophthalmology

Los colirios fortificados o reforzados son fórmulas magistrales que reciben ese nombre por la vigorización que se les realiza a los colirios industriales con principios activos de antibióticos, antivirales, citostáticos y antimicóticos, en dependencia de los requerimientos individuales de los pacientes. Por tanto, la utilización de la formulación magistral es, por su capacidad y flexibilidad, un potencial para concebir nuevas pautas terapéuticas y posibilitar la creación de nuevas formulaciones o bien la actualización de antiguas fórmulas con principios activos más modernos, con el fin de lograr una alternativa a los colirios industriales de manera potente, eficaz y segura. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los fundamentos teóricos, las tendencias nacionales e internacionales de la preparación y el uso oftalmológico de los colirios fortificados. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental actualizada, se utilizaron fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias y experiencias nacionales. La utilización de los colirios fortificados es cada día más frecuente en la especialidad de oftalmología, lo que obliga al farmacéutico hospitalario y al oftalmólogo a estar actualizado en temas como elaboración segura, composición, indicación y uso correctos(AU)

Fortified or reinforced eye drops are masterful formulas that receive such name due to the industrial eye drops' invigoration with antibiotic, antiviral, cytostatic and antifungal active ingredients, depending on the patients' individual requirements. Therefore, the use of a masterful formulation is, due to its capacity and flexibility, a potential for conceiving new therapeutic guidelines and also for making possible the creation of new formulations or the updating of old formulations with more modern active ingredients, in order to achieve an alternative to industrial eye drops in a potent, effective and safe way. The objective of this work is to describe the theoretical foundations, the national and international trends in the preparation of fortified eye drops, as well as their ophthalmologic use. An updated bibliographic and documentary review was carried out, using primary, secondary and tertiary sources, together with national experiences. The use of fortified eye drops is becoming increasingly frequent in the ophthalmology specialty, which obliges the hospital pharmacist or the ophthalmologist to be updated on issues such as safe preparation, composition, prescription and correct use(AU)

Satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la maestría "Investigación en aterosclerosis" / Employers' Satisfaction with the Performance of Graduates from a Master's Program about Research in Atherosclerosis

Introducción: Los estudios de empleadores cobran cada vez mayor importancia en el ámbito de la educación superior, a partir de la necesidad institucional de evaluar la pertinencia de sus programas e identificar expectativas de crecimiento, al permitir conocer la existencia de vinculación institucional y desarrollo de sus egresados. Objetivo: Describir la satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la décima edición de la maestría investigación en aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los empleadores de los egresados de la última edición terminada. Se les aplicó una encuesta de forma autoadministrada para explorar la satisfacción con el desempeño de los egresados de la maestría. Resultados: El total de los empleadores manifestaron que la maestría respondía a las necesidades asistenciales, docentes e investigativas del centro en el que laboraba el máster; que este aplicaba creativa y críticamente en su práctica diaria los conocimientos adquiridos en el programa de maestría; y que era capaz de diseñar y dirigir proyectos de investigación. El 94,1 por ciento respondió que, después de graduado de la maestría, el máster tenía la capacidad de diseñar y organizar cursos de superación para solucionar problemas de la institución. El 76,5 por ciento contestó que cumplía las expectativas y el 52,9 por ciento que se sentía satisfecho con el desempeño de los egresados. Conclusiones: Los empleadores manifestaron que los egresados satisfacían el perfil declarado en la maestría. Los egresados cumplieron con las expectativas de sus empleadores y los empleadores se encontraron satisfechos con el desempeño de los egresados(AU)

Introduction: Employer surveys are becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, from the institutional need to evaluate the relevance of their programs and identify growth expectations, by allowing to know the existence of institutional linkage and the development of its graduates. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of employers with the performance of graduates from the tenth edition of a master's program about research in atherosclerosis. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The employers of the graduates from the last completed edition were selected. A self-administered survey was conducted on them to explore satisfaction with the performance of the graduates from the master's program. Results: The whole number of employers stated that the master's degree responded to the care, teaching and research needs of the center where the master's degree holder worked; that he/she applied the knowledge acquired in the master's program creatively and critically in his/her daily practice; and hat he/she was capable of designing and directing research projects. 94.1 percent responded that, after graduating from the master's program, the master's degree holder had the capacity to design and organize professional improvement courses to solve the institutional problems. 76.5 percent answered that the master's degree met the expectations, while 52.9 percent responded that they were satisfied with the performance of the graduates. Conclusions: Employers stated that the graduates met the profile stated in the master's program. The graduates met the expectations of their employers, who were satisfied with the performance of the graduates(AU)

Satisfacción con los cursos a distancia de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19 / Satisfaction with the Distance Courses of a master's degree in Atherosclerosis Research during COVID-19

Introducción: La satisfacción de los estudiantes con respecto a la educación que reciben es un elemento clave en la valoración de la calidad de la educación. La enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 representó una emergencia sanitaria que generó preocupación a nivel mundial por su impacto en la salud, la economía y la educación. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción de los estudiantes con los cursos a distancia del primer ciclo de la maestría Investigación en Aterosclerosis durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se utilizó una encuesta, que estuvo disponible, al finalizar cada curso, en el Aula Virtual de Salud. Los datos de la encuesta se obtuvieron del AVS, se introdujeron en una base de datos en Excel, y se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 para Windows. Resultados: Para todos los cursos los horarios que predominaron fueron en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana y durante la jornada laboral, en horario extralaboral y los fines de semana. Como vías de conexión más utilizadas estuvieron Infomed y los datos móviles. El curso mejor orientado resultó La aterosclerosis, un problema epidemiológico. La evaluación de los aspectos relacionados con el profesor, los contenidos, el material bibliográfico, la comunicación y el aseguramiento tecnológico fue satisfactoria. La computadora y el celular representaron los dispositivos tecnológicos más empleados. Las respuestas en relación con la satisfacción con los cursos se encontraron entre satisfecho y muy satisfecho. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los aspectos evaluados recibieron calificaciones satisfactorias. Como aspecto positivo se destaca el empleo del aula virtual; como negativos, la dificultad con los dispositivos tecnológicos y la conectividad; y como interesantes, la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de habilidades con los cursos a distancia y mejorar la calidad de la conectividad(AU)

Introduction: Student satisfaction with the education that they receive is a key element for education quality assessment. The disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus represented a health emergency that generated worldwide concern due to its impact on health, economy and education. Objective: To assess student satisfaction with the distance courses of the first cycle of a master's degree in atherosclerosis research during COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was used, available in the virtual health classroom at the end of each course. The survey's data were obtained from the virtual health classroom, entered into an Excel database, and processed with the statistical package SPSS (version 20.0) for Windows. Results: For all the courses, the predominant schedules were during out-of-work hours and on weekends and during the working day, during out-of-work hours and on weekends. The most frequently used means of connection were Infomed and mobile data. The best oriented course was Atherosclerosis, an epidemiological problem. The assessment of aspects related to the professor, the contents, the bibliographic material, communication and technological assurance were satisfactory. The computer and the cell phone were the most frequently used technological devices. The responses regarding satisfaction with the courses ranged between satisfied and very satisfied. Conclusions: Most of the assessed aspects received satisfactory ratings. As a positive aspect, the use of the virtual classroom stands out; as a negative one, the difficulty with technological devices and connectivity; and as interesting ones, the acquisition and improvement of skills with distance courses, as well as improving the quality of connectivity(AU)

Diseño curricular del programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada

Introducción: el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba realiza numerosos esfuerzos por garantizar la informatización de sus procesos, donde la superación profesional representa un eslabón fundamental. La Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública implementa la Maestría en Informática en Salud, dirigida a los profesionales del sector que participan en el proceso de informatización. Sin embargo, el programa actual no se enfoca hacia el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas de los especialistas informáticos. Objetivo: diseñar el programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada, enfocado al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas de los especialistas informáticos, que desde su puesto de trabajo contribuyen a la informatización de la salud pública cubana. Materiales y métodos: la investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, con alcance descriptivo, de tipo retrospectivo y diseño no experimental, de corte longitudinal. Se realizó un análisis documental, donde se identificaron las bases teóricas y los programas académicos existentes, que fundamentan el diseño curricular presentado. Resultados: se diseñó la propuesta de programa académico de la Maestría en Informática Médica Aplicada, con una estructura de 78 créditos. Cuenta con tres bloques de cursos básicos y especializados en temas de salud e informática. Es coordinado por la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas en colaboración con la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Conclusiones: el programa implementado es pertinente y contribuye al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas en los especialistas informáticos, que participan en el proceso de informatización de la salud pública cubana, muestra de ello lo constituyen las estadísticas de la primera edición en curso de la maestría.

Introduction: The Cuban Ministry of Public Health makes numerous efforts to guarantee the computerization of its processes, where professional improvement represents a fundamental link. The National School of Public Health implements the Master´s Degree in Health Informatics aimed at managers of the sector who participate in the computerization process. However, the current program does not focus on developing the technical skills of computer specialists. Objective: To design the academic program of the Master´s Degree in Applied Medical Informatics, focused on the development of technical skills of computer specialists who, from their work position, contribute to the computerization of the Cuban public health. Material and methods: The research has a qualitative approach and a descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental, longitudinal design. A documentary analysis was carried out, where the theoretical bases and existing academic programs were identified, which underpin the presented curriculum design. Results: The proposed academic program for the Master´s Degree in Applied Medical Informatics was designed, with a structure of 78 credits. It has three blocks of basic and specialized courses in health and computer science topics. It is coordinated by the University of Informatics Sciences in collaboration with the National School of Public Health. Conclusions: The implemented program is relevant and contributes to the development of technical skills in computer specialists who participate in the process of computerization of Cuban public health, which is evidenced by the statistics of the first ongoing edition of the master´s program.

A vocação colonial do território amazônico: o plano diretor de desenvolvimento urbano de Barcarena / The colonial vocation of the amazon territory: Barcarena's urban development master plan / La vocación colonial del territorio amazónico: el plan maestro urbano de Barcarena

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise decolonial de dois planos territoriais pensados, respectivamente, à Amazônia e o território de Barcarena. Tem como objetivo geral analisar a vocação colonial do território de Barcarena estabelecida no plano diretor municipal. Trata-se de relatório de pesquisa com enfoque na discussão sobre a colonialidade do poder e o processo de formação social da Amazônia brasileira, a partir de documentos internacionais e municipais, especificamente a Agenda de Projetos Prioritários de Integração do Conselho Sul-Americanos de Infraestrutura e Planejamento (2012-2022) e o Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Urbano de Barcarena (2016-2026). Os resultados denunciam a presença da colonialidade do poder nos instrumentos oficiais de planejamento territorial global e local que determinam a vocação local do território de Barcarena no processo de controle dos territórios da Amazônia.(AU)

This work presents a decolonial analysis of two territorial plans designed, respectively, for the Amazon and the territory of Barcarena. Its general objective is to analyze the colonial vocation of the territory of Barcarena established in the municipal master plan. It is a research report focusing on the discussion of the coloniality of power and the process of social formation in the Brazilian Amazon, based on international and municipal documents, specifically the Agenda of Priority Integration Projects of the South American Council for Infrastructure and Planning (2012-2022) and the Master Plan for Urban Development of Barcarena (2016-2026). The results denounce the presence of the coloniality of power in the official instruments of global and local territorial planning that determine the local vocation of the territory of Barcarena in the process of controlling the territories of the Amazon.(AU)

Este trabajo presenta un análisis decolonial de dos planes territoriales diseñados, respectivamente, para la Amazonía y el territorio de Barcarena. Su objetivo general es analizar la vocación colonial del territorio de Barcarena establecida en el plan director municipal. Se trata de un informe de investigación centrado en la discusión sobre la colonialidad del poder y el proceso de formación social en la Amazonía brasileña, a partir de documentos internacionales y municipales, específicamente la Agenda de Proyectos Prioritarios de Integración del Consejo Suramericano de Infraestructura y Planificación (2012). -2022) y el Plan Director de Desarrollo Urbano de Barcarena (2016-2026). Los resultados denuncian la presencia de la colonialidad del poder en los instrumentos oficiales de planificación territorial global y local que determinan la vocación local del territorio Barcarena en el proceso de control de los territorios amazónicos.(AU)

O arquétipo do mestre-aprendiz - Considerações sobre a vivência / The master-apprentice archetype ­ Considerations about the experience / El arquetipo del maestro-aprendiz ­ Consideraciones sobre la vivencia

A partir de sua experiência como professora e como aluna, a autora tece reflexões sobre o campo de interação constelado pelo arquétipo do mestre-aprendiz. O "Teatro Arquetípico", ou "Mitodrama", é apresentado tal como é formulado por sua autora, tal como tem sido realizado numa disciplina do curso de graduação em Psicologia, e tal como pode ser enriquecido em alguns aspectos por contribuições de Erich Neumann sobre a fase do self corporal e de Juana Elbein dos Santos sobre o sistema Nagô. O artigo faz ainda algumas considerações sobre as relações e as diferenças entre a psicoterapia e a pedagogia, e termina por ressaltar a importância da palavra que "rasga a fantasia", permitindo o fluir da elaboração simbólica embasada no vivido.

Drawing from her experience as both a professor and a student, the author reflects upon the field of interaction constellated by the master-apprentice archetype. The "Archetypal Theater", or "Mythodrama", is presented as it is formulated by its author, as it is implemented in a course within the undergraduate Psychology program at the University of Sao Paulo, and as it can be enriched in certain aspects by contributions from Erich Neumann regarding the phase of the body-self and from Juana Elbein dos Santos regarding the Nagô system. The article also offers some considerations on the relationships and differences between psychotherapy and pedagogy and concludes by emphasizing the importance of the words, which allow the flow of symbolic elaboration grounded on experience.

A partir de su experiencia como profesora y como alumna, la autora teje reflexiones sobre el campo de interacción constelado por el arquetipo del maestro-aprendiz. El "Teatro Arquetípico", o "Mitodrama", se presenta tal como es formulado por su autora, tal como ha sido realizado en una disciplina del curso de graduación en Psicología, y tal como puede ser enriquecido en algunos aspectos por contribuciones de Erich Neumann sobre la fase del self corporal y de Juana Elbein dos Santos sobre el sistema Nagô. El artículo hace aún algunas consideraciones sobre las relaciones y diferencias entre la psicoterapia y la pedagogía, y termina por resaltar la importancia de la palabra que "rasga la fantasia", permitiendo el fluir de la elaboración simb6lica basada en lo vivido.

SUN Shen-tian's clinical experience in treating Tourette's syndrome with acupuncture / 中国针灸

To introduce the clinical experience of professor SUN Shen-tian in treatment of Tourette's syndrome (TS) with acupuncture. TS is a psychosomatic disease and the core pathogenesis refers to blood deficiency producing internal wind. The disease is located in the heart and liver. Acupoints are selected according to the functional orientation of the cerebral cortex. The extrapyramidal system area is preferred for tic disorder, and the emotional area is for behavioral disorder. The treatment focuses on regulating the mind by multiple methods, including manual needling technique used the transcranial repeated acupuncture, and regulating the mind by taking multiple acupoints, Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7) and Dazhong (KI 4) are stimulated. For abdominal twitching and mental symptoms of TS children, the first and third abdominal areas are selected. The target symptoms (biao) are treated specially by local acupoints, the combination of the starting and ending acupoints of the affected meridian, or the acupoints of the meridians with same name. The modified chaihu longgu muli decoction and siwu decoction are prescribed to sooth liver, nourish blood and soothe wind. In association with the characteristics and target symptoms of TS, the sequential therapy is used with filiform needling, intradermal needling, Chinese herbal medication and psychotherapy.

Difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism in cataract patients measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the difference and consistency of corneal refractive power and astigmatism measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 in patients with age-related cataract.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 153 patients(232 eyes)with age-related cataract admitted to Daping hospital from November to December 2021 were selected. The flat keratometry(Kf), steep keratometry(Ks), mean keratometry(Km), degree and axis of astigmatism(vector representation J0 and J45)of the anterior, posterior surfaces together with the total cornea from cataract patients were measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700, respectively. The difference, correlation and consistency of the two instruments were analyzed.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in J45 values of posterior corneal surface measured by CASIA2 and IOL Master 700(-0.006±0.038D vs. -0.005±0.044D, P&#x003E;0.05), but there were significant differences in other parameters(all P&#x003C;0.05). All parameters measured by the two instruments were significantly positive correlated(all r/rs&#x003E;0.7, P&#x003C;0.001); Bland-Altman analysis showed that the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior cornea surface measured by the two facilities were in good consistency, while the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea showed poor consistency.CONCLUSION: CASIA2 and IOL Master 700 showed little differences and good consistency in the refractive power and astigmatism of the anterior, posterior and total corneal surface in cataract patients, which seems interchangeable. However, the refractive power of the posterior surface and the whole cornea has significant differences and poor consistency, which should not be interchange casually.

Research progress on genome-guided precision oncology and development ideas of antitumor Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Genome-guided oncology refers to a new treatment concept that transcends histological classification and pathological ty-ping and uses drugs according to the genetic characteristics of tumors. New drug development technology and clinical trial design based on this concept provide new ideas for the clinical application of precision oncology. The multi-component and multi-target characteristics of Chinese medicine provide rich resources for the development of tumor-targeting drugs from natural products, and the design of the master protocol trial aiming at the characteristics of precision oncology supports the rapid clinical screening of effective tumor-targeting drugs. The emergence of the synthetic lethality strategy breaks through the bottleneck that the drug can only target the oncogene but cannot do anything to the tumor suppressor gene with the loss-of-function mutation in the past. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the cost of sequencing is also decreasing. For the development of tumor-targeting drugs, how to keep up with the update speed of target information is a difficult problem of concern. Based on the integration of innovative ideas and me-thods of precision oncology, network pharmacology, and synthetic lethality strategy on synthetic lethal interaction network of antitumor Chinese medicine compatibility formula design, and the combination of improvement of innovative clinical trial methods, such as master protocol trial, basket trial, and umbrella trial, unique advantages of Chinese medicine are expected to be exerted beyond the antibody-based drugs and small molecule-based drugs and corresponding targeted drugs are potentially developed for clinical application.