Résumé
RESUMEN Introducción: Las fracturas por lesión traumática, la resección quirúrgica de tumores y los defectos congénitos exponen al maxilar a agresiones, y para la rehabilitación están las prótesis obturatrices que recuperan algunas funciones como la deglución y la fonación, así como la estética. Objetivo: Resumir los beneficios del uso de prótesis obturatriz como forma de rehabilitación en los servicios de Prótesis Bucomaxilofacial. Métodos: Estudio de revisión bibliográfica en 25 publicaciones entre 2015-2020 sobre el uso de prótesis obturatriz. Se consultaron y tamizaron 153 documentos de las bases de datos de los sistemas referativos MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO e indexadas en la Web of Sciences, Scopus, Redalyc y Latindex, con el uso de los descriptores: obturador bucal, prótesis obturatriz, cáncer bucal. Desarrollo: Los obturadores protésicos o palatinos, se indican para sellar los tejidos de la cavidad bucal expuestos de forma quirúrgica o congénita, y constituyen un sustituto fundamental del paladar duro, del hueso alveolar y de los tejidos blandos circundantes. Durante la rehabilitación, el profesional en prótesis bucomaxilofacial realizará nuevas modificaciones, a medida que el lecho quirúrgico madura. La prótesis final contará con dientes similares a una prótesis dental; el paciente la puede extraer y limpiar, además de ocuparse de la higiene del defecto. Conclusiones: Los obturadores protésicos corrigen defectos palatinos o maxilares, con varios diseños y aditamentos a aplicar, lo cual logra recuperar un alto nivel de calidad de vida de los pacientes, pues se separa la cavidad bucal de la nasal o sinusal, con una consecuente rehabilitación dental y oclusal satisfactoria. Palabras clave: obturadores palatinos; prótesis maxilofacial; rehabilitación bucal.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fractures due to traumatic injury, surgical resection of tumors and congenital defects expose the maxilla to aggressions, and for rehabilitation there are obturator prostheses that recover some functions such as swallowing and phonation, as well as aesthetics. Objective: To summarize the benefits of the use of an obturator prosthesis as a rehabilitation form in Oral Maxillofacial Prosthesis services. Methods: Study of bibliographic review in 64 publications between 1978-2019 on the use of obturator prosthesis. 153 documents from the MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO reference systems databases were consulted, screened and indexed on the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Redalyc and Latindex, with the use of the following descriptors: oral obturator, obturator prosthesis, oral cancer. Development: Prosthetic or palatal obturators are indicated to seal the surgically or congenitally exposed tissues of the oral cavity, and are a fundamental substitute for the hard palate, alveolar bone and surrounding soft tissues. During rehabilitation, the buccomaxillofacial prosthesis professional will make new modifications as the surgical site matures. The final prosthesis will have teeth similar to a dental prosthesis; the patient can remove and clean it, in addition to taking care of the hygiene of the defect. Conclusions: Prosthetic obturators correct palatal or maxillary defects, with various designs and attachments to be applied, which manages to recover a high level of quality of life for patients, since the oral cavity is separated from the nasal or sinus cavity, with a satisfactory dental and occlusal rehabilitation.
Résumé
As sequelas faciais decorrentes do trauma representam grande desafio para o cirurgião buco-maxilo-facial e exigem que este tenha em mente o conhecimento anatômico, cirúrgico, do acervo material, bem como do aporte tecnológico que lhe assiste a prática cirúrgica. Frente aos biomateriais utilizados na confecção protética, a resina acrílica aparece como uma possibilidade amplamente vantajosa para o profissional e para o paciente, e, uma vez somada às técnicas de prototipagem, se tornam ainda mais eficientes e eficazes. O presente trabalho objetiva discutir o uso da resina acrílica no tratamento das sequelas faciais após o trauma por meio da apresentação de um caso clínico... (AU)
As the facial sequelae resulting from trauma represent a great challenge for the maxillo-facial surgeon, and require that keep in mind the knowlodge about anatomical, surgical, material assets and the technological support that assists you to surgical practice. In view of the prosthetic biomaterials used in making the acrylic resin appears as a widely advantageous possibility for professional and patient, and once added to the prototyping techniques become more efficient and effective. This paper aims to discuss the use of acrylic resin in the treatment of facial sequelae after trauma by presenting a clinical case... (AU)