Résumé
Introducción: Las redes sociales son formas de interacción social, que fomentan un intercambio dinámico entre personas, grupos e instituciones en contextos disímiles. Objetivo: Socializar la experiencia y los logros de la salud pública y la Colaboración Médica Cubana desde las redes sociales en Venezuela desde enero de 2021 hasta octubre de 2022. Métodos: Se realiza una investigación de tipo observacional descriptiva en el periodo comprendido desde enero de 2021 hasta octubre de 2022 y aplicado en la Misión Médica Cubana en Venezuela con una población de 14 213 profesionales de la salud dividida en 24 estados. Resultados: En el año 2021 se realizaron 21 tuitazos con un millón 876 898 tuits. Para el año 2022 Facebook se comportó con 32 489 seguidores, Twiter con 16 832, Instagram Cubacooperave, 3 905, Yotube.com/c/cubacooperave 2 830, Tiktok 890 y Telegram 371 suscriptores. Se realizaron 26 actividades nacionales, 11 Tuitazos y 15 Jornadas en las Redes, 144 en TV, 200 en Radio y 100 en la Prensa escrita. Conclusiones: El reto es utilizar la posibilidad que ofrece la tecnología para ampliar los horizontes del uso de las redes sociales, realizar acciones de alfabetización informacional dirigidas a los gestores y usuarios de las mismas en pos de una divulgación adecuada del trabajo en la Misión Médica Cubana en Venezuela.
Introduction: Social networks are forms of social interaction that foster a dynamic exchange among people, groups, and institutions in dissimilar contexts. Objective: To socialize the experience and achievements of public health and the Cuban Medical Collaboration in social networks in Venezuela from January 2021 to October 2022. Method: An observational descriptive research was conducted from January 2021 to October 2022 and applied to the Cuban Medical Mission in Venezuela in a population of 14 213 health professionals divided into 24 states. Results: In the year 2021, there was a total of 21 tweets with 1 876 898 tweets published. In 2022, the Facebook network had 32 489 followers; Twitter, 16 832; Instragram Cubacooperave, 3 905; the Yotube.com/c/Cubacooperave channel, 2 830; Tik Tok, 890; and Telegram had 371 subscribers. A total of 26 national activities such as 11 Tuits, 15 Network Events; 144 TV, 200 Radio, and 100 written Press activities were performed. Conclusions: The challenge is to use the possibility offered by technology to broaden the horizons of the use of social networks, as well as to establish information literacy actions directed towards the managers and users of these networks for the sake of an adequate dissemination of the work carried out by the Cuban Medical Mission in Venezuela.
Résumé
Protestant medical missionaries, who started entering China during the beginning of the 19th century, set the goal as propagating Western medicine to the Chinese while spreading the Christian gospel. Back in those days, China formed deep relations with their own ideology and culture and depended on Chinese medicine that caused major influence on their lives instead of just treatment behaviors. Accordingly, it is natural to see information about Chinese medicine in documents that were left behind. Yet, there are not many studies which dealt with the awareness of Chinese medicine by medical missionaries, and most were focused on the criticism imposed by medical missionaries regarding Chinese medicine. Thus, there are also claims amongst recent studies which impose how the medical missionaries moved from overlooking and criticizing Chinese medicine to gaining a "sympathetic viewpoint" to a certain degree. Still, when the documents left behind by medical missionaries is observed, there are many aspects which support how the awareness of Chinese medicine in medical missionaries has not changed significantly. In addition, medical missionaries actively used medicine like traditional Chinese drugs if the treatment effect was well known. Yet, they barely gave any interest to the five elements, which are the basics of traditional Chinese drugs prescription. In other words, medical missionaries only selected elements of Chinese medicine that were helpful to them just like how the Chinese were choosing what they needed from Western knowledge. The need to understand Chinese medicine was growing according to the flow of times. For instance, some medical missionaries admitted the treatment effect of acupuncture in contrast to claiming it as non-scientific in the past. Such changes were also related to how focused medical missionaries were on medical activities. The first medical missionaries emphasized the non-scientific aspect of Chinese medicine to verify the legitimacy of medical mission. Then, medical missionaries gradually exerted more efforts on medical treatment than direct mission activities so the need of Chinese medicine became greater. This was because Chinese relied on Chinese medicine the most and even used Chinese medicine terms that they knew to explain their conditions while getting treatment from doctors who learned Western medicine. Additionally, medicine missionaries witnessed patients getting better after receiving treatment so they could not completely overlook Chinese medicine. However, medical missionaries strongly believed in the superiority of Western medicine and considered that China certainly needed Western medicine from a scientific perspective. Chinese doctors who were close to medical missionaries and learned about Western medicine believed in Western medicine and thought that Chinese medicine only held historical value besides some fields like Chinese traditional drugs.
Sujets)
Conscience immédiate , Chine , Histoire du 19ème siècle , Histoire du 20ème siècle , Médecine traditionnelle chinoise/histoire , Missionnaires/histoire , Protestantisme/histoireRésumé
Se realizó un estudio investigativo en el campo de la educación de posgrado, con el objetivo de caracterizar, desde la perspectiva de los tutores y personal administrativo de dirección, algunos factores del proceso de formación del especialista de Medicina General integral (MGI) en el Estado Miranda, durante el curso 2005-2006, para lo cual se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos de investigación. Se diseñó una encuesta y una entrevista a expertos. La encuesta fue dirigida a tutores de los médicos cubanos residentes que se presentaron a examen estatal en ese periodo, que sumaron 20, donde se incluyeron aspectos como: datos personales, categoría profesional y pedagógica, grado académico. Fueron identificados como factores, falta de categoría docente, pobre experiencia como tutor, deficiente preparación pedagógica, traslados de comunidad o salidas a Cuba por problemas personales, traslado a largas distancias para realizar las funciones, la vinculación con actividad no relacionada directamente con el postgrado y la ausencia a las actividades metodológicas del curso
A research study was conducted in the field of graduate education to characterize, from the tutors and the management staff perspectives, some factors present in the process of formation of General Family Medicine specialists in Miranda state during the 2005-2006 academic year. To this end, theoretical and empirical research methods were used. A survey and an interview for experts were designed. The surveys for tutors of the 20 Cuban resident physicians who took the board exam included personal data, professional and teaching category and the academic level. The identified factors were lack of adequate teaching category, poor experience as tutor, poor teaching preparation, movement to another community or trips to Cuba for personal reasons, long-distance travels to perform their tasks, involvement in activities not directly related to the graduate education work and absences to the methodological activities of the course
Sujets)
Enseignement supérieur , Médecine de famille , Missions médicales , MentoratRésumé
OBJECTIVES: To describe preparation of a medical mission from a pharmacy team's perspective. METHODS: Essential components of the medication planning process include the development of a separate medication budget, a medication formulary (based on needs assessment and availability) and acquisition of medications and medical supplies. RESULTS: For the medical mission to Jamaica, medications are often purchased or donated from various locations, including retail pharmacies, drug wholesalers, medication drives, pharmaceutical companies, and medication assistance programmes specific to medical missions. It is essential to understand the policy associated with the importation of medications which can be found in the Approval Process for Food, Drugs, Cosmetics, Medical devices, Precursor Chemicals and Narcotics, a paper developed by the Ministry of Health, Jamaica. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of planning and preparation are required for the medical mission to Jamaica to be a success; assistance and cooperation is necessary from all members of the interdisciplinary medical mission team. It is imperative to plan ahead, be organized and equipped to handle unexpected situations so that quality care can be delivered to the patients to be served.
OBJETIVO: Describir la preparación de una misión médica desde la perspectiva de un team de farmacia. MÉTODOS: Componentes esenciales del proceso de planificación de la medicación incluyen el desarrollo de un presupuesto separado de medicamentos, un formulario de medicamentos (basado en la evaluación de las necesidades y la disponibilidad) y la adquisición de medicamentos y suministros médicos. RESULTADOS: Para la misión médica a Jamaica, se obtienen medicamentos a menudo comprados o donados desde varias localidades, incluyendo farmacias minoristas, mayoristas de medicamentos, campañas de venta de medicamentos, compañías farmacéuticas y programas de asistencia de medicamentos específicos para misiones médicas. Es esencial comprender la política asociada con la importación de medicamentos que se pueden hallar en el Proceso de Aprobación para Alimentos, Medicamentos, Cosméticos, Equipos Médicos, Precursores Químicos y Narcóticos - un documento elaborado por Ministerio de Salud, Jamaica. CONCLUSIONES: Se requieren niveles elevados de planificación y preparación para que la misión médica a Jamaica sea un éxito. Hace falta la asistencia y cooperación de todos los miembros del equipo médico interdisciplinario de la misión. Es imperativo planificar con tiempo, ser organizados, y estar bien equipados a fin de dar solución a situaciones inesperadas, de manera que se pueda ofrecer una atención de calidad a los pacientes.
Sujets)
Humains , Missions médicales/organisation et administration , Services pharmaceutiques/organisation et administration , JamaïqueRésumé
En octubre de 2002 se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte con el propósito de investigar sobre el conocimiento y la aplicación del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH) y la Misión Médica (MM), en los servicios de urgencias localizados en municipios del oriente del departamento de Antioquia, región que sufre desde hace varios años las consecuencias del conflicto armado colombiano y que refleja la problemática general del país. El estudio se hizo encuestando a los directores de esos servicios de urgencias para averiguar qué formación habían tenido sobre DIH y MM y qué pautas había en las instituciones que representaban para la aplicación de estas normas. Los directores encuestados manifestaron tener muy poca información acerca del DIH y la MM. Durante su formación académica de pregrado y posgrado no recibieron educación formal al respecto. Estuvieron de acuerdo en la importancia del tema, la necesidad de capacitarse y la posibilidad de aplicarlo. Por otra parte, en las instituciones de salud que cuentan con servicios de urgencias en el oriente antioqueño se carece de protocolos o manuales sobre el DIH y la MM así como de actividades de formación continua que permitan al personal sanitario actuar a la luz de estas normas; además, el conocimiento previo de estos aspectos no es requisito para laborar en las instituciones de salud que cuentan con servicios de urgencias en la región.
In october ctober 2002 a descriptive study was made to find out the grade of knowledge in the Emergency Services of the East region of Antioquia of the International Human Right, (IHR) and the Medical Mission (MM). This region has been suffering since many years the consequences of the war that show what has been happening in the entire country. A questionnaire was filled by the directors of the hospitals in this region about both items. They agree on the importance of the items but said they have little knowledge about them and they have received few instructions regarding those items. In their hospitals there are neither guides nor education programs for the personnel in this regard. To be posted in a hospital, a person needs not show proficiency in IHR or MM