Résumé
Background Studies showed that there exsits differential gene expression in human uveal melanoma (UM).However, the researching results are somewhat inconsistently abroad, while relevant literature is still less in China.Few domestic researches have reported the abnormalities of gene transcription level or the pathways of these genes.Objective This study was to compare the gene expression profiles between human UM and normal uvea tissues and analyze the metabolic pathways involved in these differentially expressed genes.Methods Four human UM samples were collected in Beijing Tongren Eye Center,and 4 pieces of normal uveal tissues from 4 donors served as controls.The expression of genes was detected with Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip,and the expression profiles were compared between two groups.The biological functions and active pathways of the genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis Software Toolkit (GOEAST).Results Compared with the normal controls,4 165 differential genes were screened in human UM (12.50％) ,including 1 236 up-regulated genes (3.71％) and 2 929 down-regulated genes (8.79％) ,in which the genes of raised more than 5-, 10-,50-and 100-fold were 113,21,1 and 1, respectively, and the genes of reduced by 50％ ,90％ ,98％ and 99％ were 1 053,422,33 and 5,respectively.The functions of these differentially expressed genes were associated with cellular differentiation and growth,development, cell adhension, immun response, transcriptional contol, signal transduction and anti-apoptosis.The metabolic pathways of differentially expressed genes included angiogenesis pathway, cell-cycle related protein kinase pathway and immune regulatory pathway (involving B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes).ConclusionsGene expression profiles are evidently different between human UM and normal uveal tissue.The variation of the gene profiles in human UM leads to the changes of multiple biological functions including angiogenesis and kinase pathway even immun system.It is implied that the pathogenesis of human UM is a comprehensive effect of multiple genes and biological pathways.
Résumé
El melanoma maligno cutáneo (MMC) representa el 4 por ciento del total de los tumores malignos de piel, dando cuenta del 80 por ciento de las muertes producidas por cáncer cutáneo. La sobrevida a cinco años de individuos portadores de enfermedad metastásica se estima en 14 por ciento. Las formas de presentación incluyen una variante esporádica y otra familiar o hereditaria. En ambas el papel de diferentes mutaciones genéticas que otorgan susceptibilidad al desarrollo de MMC es indiscutido, así como la interacción entre las características genéticas del individuo y eventos ambientales. En el MMC familiar se han establecido dos genes de alta susceptibilidad con diferente penetrancia y frecuencia: CDK4 y CDKN2A. CDKN2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) es el más importante gen de susceptibilidad a MMC, cuyas mutaciones se han identificado en aproximadamente un 40 por ciento de familias que presentan tres o más casos de MMC. Las características clínicas asociadas a la mutación de CDKN2A son número elevado de individuos afectados por MMC dentro de una familia, MMC primario múltiple y presencia conjunta de MMC y cáncer de páncreas dentro de una familia. En Chile de desconoce la frecuencia y tipos de mutaciones que afectan a CDKN2A en familias con predisposición a MMC familiar.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) represents 4 percent of all malignant skin tumors and accounts for 80 percent of deaths related to cutaneous cancer. 5-year survival rates in individuals with metastatic disease is around 14 percent. An hereditary or familial variant of CMM has been identified. It is related to different mutations of so-called susceptibility genes as well as to interactions between genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Familial CMM is related to two genes of elevated susceptibility, penetrance, and frequency: CDK4 and CDKN2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A). CDKN2A is the most important susceptibility gene and its mutations have been identified in approximately 40 percent of the families bearing three or more members with CNM. Clinical features associated to CDKN2A mutations are elevated number of family members with CMN, multiple primary CMM, and the presence of both CMN and pancreatic cancer in the same family. In Chile, the incidence and mutation variants of CDKN2A in families with CMM is unknown.