Characteristics Analysis of Metal Elements in Sediments and Habitat Mussels from India Ocean Hydrothermal Area / 分析化学

The concentrations and distributions of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) in sediment and mussel samples collected from the India Ocean hydrothermal area were analyzed.The metal correlation between organisms and sediments was investigated, and the ecological and chemical characteristics of REE were also explored.The results showed that, the trace metals in sediments were mainly Fe (96.6 mg/kg), Mn (1.14 mg/kg) and Zn (322.6 μg/kg), and Fe had high ratio of 98.15% by normalized calculation, which indicated that the available sediments in this studying hydrothermal area mainly consisted of iron ore substances.Trace metals and REE distributions all had good correlation between deep-sea sediments and deep-sea mussels, and the correlation coefficients were 0.991 for trace metals and 0.996 for REE.The contents and distributions of metal elements in deep-sea mussels were different from those in offshore mussels.The REE distributions in sediments and mussels showed obvious fractionation phenomenon, and the enrichment of LREE in mussels was significant.Through the REE patterns, Eu and Gd in sediments and mussels all showed anomalies, and Eu had a significant abnormal phenomenon in deep-sea sediments and deep-sea mussels.Besides, δEu values were 9.50, 10.68 and 0.23 in deep-sea sediments, deep-sea mussels and offshore mussels, respectively, and δCe were 2.21, 2.71 and 4.38, which showed that the enrichment sources of REE in offshore mussels and deep-sea mussels were different, and the REE in sediments and mussels from the India Ocean were homologous.

Heavy metal levels in surface waters from a tropical river basin, Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil / Níveis de metais pesados em águas superficiais de um rio tropical, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Monthly, the distribution and enrichment of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn) in surface waters were examined at eight sampling sites, in Tapacurá river (Pernambuco State, Brazil), from March 1997 to December 1998 and from June 2005 to March 2006. On average, metal levels ranged from 0.30 to 4.22 for Fe; 0.02 to 1.09 for Mn; 0.001 to 0.014 for Cu;  0.006 to 0.029 for Pb and 0.003 to 0.020 for Zn, all in mg L-1. Heavy metals presented a great heterogeneous horizontal distribution, with hotspots in municipal and agricultural areas. The enrichment factor (EF) and the potential contamination index (Cp) indicated moderate to severe contamination by Cu and Zn. The results pointed the potential pathways of trace metals via the transport of soil for the river basin, mainly from agricultural areas, and inefficient sewage treatment at the cities. The first step to apply a remedial measure is the inspection of the agricultural areas, the controlled use of fertilizers and herbicides, as well as the development of an efficient sewage treatment to urban areas.

Níveis de metais pesados em águas superficiais de um rio tropical, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Heavy metal levels in surface waters from a tropical river basin,Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil / Níveis de metais pesados em águas superficiais de um rio tropical, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Monthly, the distribution and enrichment of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb andZn) in surface waters were examined at eight sampling sites, in Tapacurá river (PernambucoState, Brazil), from March 1997 to December 1998 and from June 2005 to March 2006. Onaverage, metal levels ranged from 0.30 to 4.22 for Fe; 0.02 to 1.09 for Mn; 0.001 to 0.014 for Cu;0.006 to 0.029 for Pb and 0.003 to 0.020 for Zn, all in mg L-1. Heavy metals presented a greatheterogeneous horizontal distribution, with hotspots in municipal and agricultural areas. Theenrichment factor (EF) and the potential contamination index (Cp) indicated moderate to severecontamination by Cu and Zn. The results pointed the potential pathways of trace metals via thetransport of soil for the river basin, mainly from agricultural areas, and inefficient sewagetreatment at the cities. The first step to apply a remedial measure is the inspection of theagricultural areas, the controlled use of fertilizers and herbicides, as well as the development of anefficient sewage treatment to urban areas.

Mensalmente, a distribuição e o enriquecimento demetais pesados (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb e Zn) em águas superficiais foram analisados em oitopontos de amostragem no rio Tapacurá, Estado do Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foirealizado entre março/1997 e dezembro/1998 e entre junho/2005 e março/2006. Em média,o nível de metais pesados variou em mg L-1 entre 0,30 e 4,22 Fe; 0,02 e 1,09 Mn; 0,001 e0,014 Cu; 0,006 e 0,029 Pb e 0,003 e 0,020 Zn. Os metais mostraram distribuiçãohorizontal heterogênea grande com ênfase nas áreas municipais e agrícolas. O fator deenriquecimento (EF) e o índice de contaminação potencial (Cp) indicaram moderada asevera contaminação por Cu e Zn. Os resultados indicaram um caminho preferencial demetais pelo transporte de solo para bacia, principalmente de áreas agrícolas e pelotratamento ineficiente de esgotos urbanos. O primeiro passo para uma medida corretiva é ainspeção das áreas agrícolas e o controle do uso de fertilizantes e herbicidas, bem comodesenvolver um sistema de tratamento de esgotos eficiente nas áreas urbanas.