Determination of gene action for yield and its related traits in soybean under North-Western Himalayas conditions of India

Aim: To understand the nature and magnitude of gene action for yield and its related traits in soybean.Methodology: Fifty four triple test cross progenies developed by crossing 18 lines with three testers Him soya and Hara soya (P1 and P2) and their F1s were used as testers ‘L1’,’L2’ and ‘L3’. F1 seeds were produced by crossing Him soya with Hara soya during kharif 2011. By crossing these three testers with 18 lines (females), 54 triple test cross hybrids were developed during kharif 2012. The fifty four F1 hybrids along with 18 lines and 3 testers were sown during kharif 2013 in a randomized block design with three replications. Results: In the triple test cross progenies, sufficient genetic variations were found for all the traits, except petiole length. Epistasis was observed to be an integral part of genetic variations for traits like plant height, branches per plant, nodes on main stem, internode length, pods per plant, pod length, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, oil content, crude protein content. Epistatic interaction for most traits was additive x dominance and dominance x dominance (j+l) type. In addition to additive x dominance and dominance x dominance (j+l), additive x additive (i) type epistasis was observed for plant height, internode length, pods per plant and biological yield per plant. For the inheritance of most traits, fixable type of gene action was found as additive component (D), was more pronounced than dominance component (H), except pod length. Interpretation: For improvement of traits, selection in the early generations will be useful as additive gene action was observed. The importance of additive x dominance (j) and dominance x dominance (l) type of epistasis in the inheritance of seed yield and other related traits signifying the importance of recurrent selection in order to develop high yielding varieties. For pod length, both additive and dominant components were observed. Thus genetic improvement in seed yield would be easier through indirect selection for pod length.

To Correlate The Modified Triple Test (MTT) For Palpable Breast Mass With Histopathology.

Discrete breast mass in young women are common cause of anxiety though majority of these lesion are benign.It is frightful experience for the patient to undergo invasive procedure i.e. biopsy of breast mass. So there is obvious need of such diagnostic tool which is noninvasive or minimally invasive, quick , reliable , equivalent or nearly equivalent to current existing diagnostic procedure to avoid unnecessary biopsy, reduce patients anxiety and cost effective.Aims and objective–To study the role of modified triple test in the diagnosis of palpable breast mass.Material and method- The study was a prospective study done in tertiary care center Dehradun from June 2017 to June 2018. It was carried out in the department of surgery in SGRRIM and HS and included 148 patients who presented with palpable breast mass. Patients who were already diagnosed case of carcinoma breast were excluded from the study. Thorough clinical examination of breast was done. All the patients were investigated firstly by sonomammography then FNAC.Either core biopsy or excisional biopsy of breast mass was done in all the cases. Findings were recorded and data analysis was done. Sonomammography report was recorded according BIRADS protocol besides giving probable diagnosis. Breast mass histopathology (HPE) report was considered to be gold standard and all the results were compared with HPE of the same breast mass.Result: results of MTT is comparable with histopathology of the same breast mass. Conclusion: modified triple test is sufficient and reliable investigation for diagnosing palpable breast mass and biopsy of breast mass should be reserved only for doubtful cases.

The Utility of Modified Triple Test for Preoperative Diagnosis of Breast Diseases / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The number of people who visit outpatient departments for a self-examination, health examination or an examination about breast disease has recently been increasing. Among these peoples, some of them have abnormal finding for their breasts, and several diagnostic methods are presently being used for the accurate diagnosis of these patients. In this study, we wished to increase the diagnosis rate of breast disease and we wanted to create the opportunity for obtaining accurate diagnosis by using mammography, ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration biopsy. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2002, 127 patients among all the patients who visited department of surgery, were clinically assessed with using ultrasonography, mammography, fine needle aspiration biopsy and postoperative histopathology after they had first undergone excisional biopsy. We had calculated the sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and the diagnostic accuracy of each diagnostic method. We assigned points for the diagnostic result and we then calculated the sensitivity and specificity via these points. RESULTS: The sensitivity of ultrasonography, mammography and fine needle aspiration biopsy was 94.9%, 82.1% and 94.9%, respectively, and the specificity was 62.5%, 90.9% and 93.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 52.9%, 80% and 86.0%, and the negative predictive value was 96.5%, 92% and 97.6%, and the diagnostic accuracy was 72.4%, 88.2% and 93.7%, respectively. We divided the results by the benign and malignant nature of the findings with using points, and on this triple test, the sensitivity was 97.4%, the specificity was 97.7%, the positive predictive value was 95%, the negative predictive value was 98.9% and the diagnostic accuracy was 97.6%. CONCLUSION: When diagnosing breast disease, the modified triple test showed that it reduce the rate of performing unnecessary surgical operations. Good skilled technique when performing fine needle aspiration biopsy can help to future reduce this rate even more.

Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Masses by the Modified Triple Test Score-A prospective study-

PURPOSE: The modified triple test (MTT; physical examination, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology) for palpable breast masses yielded 100% diagnostic accuracy when all 3 components were concordant (all benign or all malignant) in our previous study. However, about 30% of cases were discordant and required open or core needle biopsy. This study is designed to evaluate the modified triple test by scoring system, based on our experience, and to develop a method to further limit the need for surgical biopsy of discordant cases. METHODS: The MTT was performed in 175 palpable breast masses of 166 female patients between August 1998 and June 2001 at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital. Each component of the MTT was assigned 1, 2, or 3 points for a benign, suspicious, or malignant result, respectively, yielding a total modified triple test score (MTTS) from 3 to 9 points, and 25 cases with 3 points of MTTS were clinically followed up without histological confirmation. RESULTS: Among 175 cases, concordant cases were 120 (68.6%); benign cases was 66 (37.7%), and malignant cases were 54 (30.8%). Concordant cases had 100% of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Among the 25 cases of benign concordant (MTTS 3 points), no case was proved to be malignant through clinical follow-up observation. Total discordant cases were 55 (31.4%); 15 cases of 4 points(8.6%), 11 cases of 5 points (6.3%), 4 cases of 6 points (2.3%), 18 cases of 7 points (10.3%), 7 cases of 8 points (4.0%). In each discordant group, 0 cases of 4 points (0%), 2 cases of 5 points (18.2%), 3 cases of 6 points (75%), 15 cases of 7 points (83.8%), and 7 cases of 8 points (100%) were proved to be malignant by histologic confirmation. Aspiration cytology has the highest specificity and positive predictive value of the 3 MTT components. CONCLUSION: Palpable breast masses that score 3 or 4 points by MTTS are benign and could be clinically followed up, and masses that score 8 or 9 points are malignant and should undergo defiitive therapy. Confirmatory biopsy might be applied on only 20% of the masses the reserve MMTTS of 5, 6, and 7 points.

Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Masses by the Modified Triple Test Score: A prospective study / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The modified triple test (MTT; physical examination, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology) for palpable breast masses yielded 100% diagnostic accuracy when all 3 components were concordant (all benign or all malignant) in our previous study. However, about 30% of cases were discordant and required open or core needle biopsy. This study is designed to evaluate the modified triple test by scoring system, based on our experience, and to develop a method to further limit the need for surgical biopsy of discordant cases. METHODS: The MTT was performed in 175 palpable breast masses of 166 female patients between August 1998 and June 2001 at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital. Each component of the MTT was assigned 1, 2, or 3 points for a benign, suspicious, or malignant result, respectively, yielding a total modified triple test score (MTTS) from 3 to 9 points, and 25 cases with 3 points of MTTS were clinically followed up without histological confirmation. RESULTS: Among 175 cases, concordant cases were 120 (68.6%); benign cases was 66 (37.7%), and malignant cases were 54 (30.8%). Concordant cases had 100% of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Among the 25 cases of benign concordant (MTTS 3 points), no case was proved to be malignant through clinical follow-up observation. Total discordant cases were 55 (31.4%); 15 cases of 4 points (8.6%), 11 cases of 5 points (6.3%), 4 cases of 6 points (2.3%), 18 cases of 7 points (10.3%), 7 cases of 8 points (4.0%). In each discordant group, 0 cases of 4 points (0%), 2 cases of 5 points (18.2%), 3 cases of 6 points (75%), 15 cases of 7 points (83.8%), and 7 cases of 8 points (100%) were proved to be malignant by histologic confirmation. Aspiration cytology has the highest specificity and positive predictive value of the 3 MTT components. CONCLUSION: Palpable breast masses that score 3 or 4 points by MTTS are benign and could be clinically followed up, and masses that score 8 or 9 points are malignant and should undergo defiitive therapy. Confirmatory biopsy might be applied on only 20% of the masses the reserve MMTTS of 5, 6, and 7 points.

A Study on Modified Triple Test for Palpable Breast Mass / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The "triple test" (TT) which consists of a physical examination (PE), mammography (MMG), and fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been used for diagnosing a palpable breast mass. However, the TT is not always accurate when it is applied to young women. This is because a dense breast hampers the sensitivity of a mammograph. Here, we introduce breast ultrasonography (USG) in place of a MMG (Modified TT; MTT) to determine whether this method can facilitate a correct diagnosis of a breast mass. METHODS: A MTT was performed in 142 palpable solid breast masses from 126 female patients between August 1998 and July 2000 at the out-patient breast clinic, Chungbuk National University Hospital. The breast masses were listed as benign or suspicious/malignant. All patients underwent a subsequent needle biopsy or surgical biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. RESULTS: 78 out of 142 palpable breast masses (54.5%) were benign, while 64 (45.5%) were diagnosed as having breast cancer. In all 105 cases (73.9%) where the MTT was concordant (elements had either all malignant or benign results), a needle or surgical biopsy was confirmatory (predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity 100%). In 37 cases of the non-concordant results, 16 (44.7%) were proven as malignant. The positive predictive value for PE, USG, and FNA was 80.6%, 87.1%, and 100% respectively. The negative predictive value for PE, USG, and FNA was 91.4%, 95.8%, and 91.8% respectively. The sensitivity for PE, USG, and FNA was 90.6%, 95.3%, and 89.1% respectively. The specificity for PE, USG, and FNA was 82.1%, 88.5%, and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION:The modified triple test was 100% accurate for diagnosing a palpable breast mass when all three elements were concordant. A palpable breast mass with a concordant benign modified triple test could be safely followed up without a surgical biopsy, and a final treatment could be applied to patients who have had a concordant malignant modified triple test.

A Study on Modified Triple Test for Palpable Breast Mass: A prospective study

PURPOSE: The "triple test" (TT) which consists of a physical examination (PE), mammography (MMG), and fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been used for diagnosing a palpable breast mass. However, the TT is not always accurate when it is applied to young women. This is because a dense breast hampers the sensitivity of a mammograph. Here, we introduce breast ultrasonography (USG) in place of a MMG (Modified TT; MTT) to determine whether this method can facilitate a correct diagnosis of a breast mass. METHODS: A MTT was performed in 142 palpable solid breast masses from 126 female patients between August 1998 and July 2000 at the out-patient breast clinic, Chungbuk National University Hospital. The breast masses were listed as benign or suspicious/malignant. All patients underwent a subsequent needle biopsy or surgical biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. RESULTS: 78 out of 142 palpable breast masses (54.5%) were benign, while 64 (45.5%) were diagnosed as having breast cancer. In all 105 cases (73.9%) where the MTT was concordant (elements had either all malignant or benign results), a needle or surgical biopsy was confirmatory (predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity 100%). In 37 cases of the non-concordant results, 16 (44.7%) were proven as malignant. The positive predictive value for PE, USG, and FNA was 80.6%, 87.1%, and 100% respectively. The negative predictive value for PE, USG, and FNA was 91.4%, 95.8%, and 91.8% respectively. The sensitivity for PE, USGand FNA was 90.6%, 95.3%, and 89.1% respectively. The specificity for PE, USG, and FNA was 82.1%, 88.5%, and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified triple test was 100% accurate for diagnosing a palpable breast mass when all three elements were concordant. A palpable breast mass with a concordant benign modified triple test could be safely followed up without a surgical biopsy, and a final treatment could be applied to patients who have had a concordant malignant modified triple test.