Résumé
Aegle marmelos and Murraya koenigii are commonly occurring plants in Maharashtra belonging to family Rutaceae .Members of Rutaceae are rich in vitamin C content. Murraya koenigii locally known as curry patta and Aegle marmelos locally known as bael/ kawath is edible and used in various food preparations. They are known to have anti-infiammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties and It was thought necessary to find out if there was any variation in the phytochemical content ie mainly Vit C and antioxidant activity of these two plants especially in the leaves . It was observed that phytochemical content was higher during monsoon season.
Résumé
The study investigated the wound healing effect of medicinal oil (MO) formulation prepared from Murraya koenigii leaves extract (methanolic) incorporated in olive oil. The MO was visually transparent, homogenous, smooth in texture, the viscosity grade was observed as 140 cP and easily spreadable. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced to 82.3 ± 3.5, 156 ± 6.2, 137.3. ± 5.5 pg/ml, respectively after treatment with MO when compared to disease control animals that showed IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels of 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7, and 288.6 ± 11, pg/ml respectively. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine in povidone iodine solution (PIS) group was 95.3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177.6 ± 8.9 pg/ml of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α respectively. Interestingly, the wound-healing efficacy of MO was found better as compared to povidone iodine treated standard group and concluded that MO has excellent wound healing effect.
O estudo investigou o efeito cicatrizante da formulação de óleo medicinal (MO) preparado a partir do extrato de folhas de Murraya koenigii (metanol) incorporado ao azeite de oliva. O MO era visualmente transparente, homogêneo, de textura lisa, o grau de viscosidade observado foi de 140 cP e facilmente espalhável. As citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α foram significativamente reduzidas para 82,3 ± 3,5, 156 ± 6,2, 137,3. ± 5,5 pg/ml, respectivamente, após o tratamento com MO quando comparados aos animais controle da doença que apresentaram níveis de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α de 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7 e 288,6 ± 11, pg/ml, respectivamente . O nível de citocina pró-inflamatória no grupo solução de iodopovidona (PIS) foi de 95,3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177,6 ± 8,9 pg/ml de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α, respectivamente. Curiosamente, a eficácia de cicatrização de feridas de MO foi encontrada melhor em comparação com o grupo padrão tratado com iodopovidona e concluiu que a preparação de MO tem efeito de cicatrização de feridas.
Sujets)
Cicatrisation de plaie , Plaies et blessures , Cytokines , Méthanol , Huile d'oliveRésumé
Phytochemicals are any of various biologically active compounds found in plants. These are produced by plants and have biological activity. It has been reported that Murraya koenigii leaf extract is traditionally used to cure dysentery. Dysentery is an intestinal inflammation, primarily of the colon. It can lead to mild or severe stomach cramps and severe diarrhoea with mucus or blood in the faeces. It is the infection in the intestinal tract. One enzyme, which is involved in its biochemical pathway, is known as alcohol dehydrogenase (which have pdb id.1Y9A). The molecular docking was studied by biovia discovery studio. In which the interaction is done between the phytochemical of the plant with the enzyme. The stability of the interaction was evaluated based on –CDocker energy and –CDocker interaction energy.
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Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves on thermal and mechanical pain in swiss albino mice.Methods: Thirty adult male swiss albino mice weighing 25-30 grams were selected and allocated in to five groups. Each group consists of six animals. The control group received vehicle (10 ml/kg), standard group received morphine (10 mg/kg) and test groups received dried methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg per oral respectively) 1 hour before placing the animal over the hot plate at temperature of 55?C . A cut off period of 10 sec was observed to avoid damage of the paw. The response in the form of withdrawal of paws or licking of the paws. The delay in the reaction time denotes analgesic activity. The latency was recorded before and after 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes administration of drug. After washout period of 1 month the same group of animals were utilized to evaluate the analgesic effect by tail clip method for better comparison.Results: All the doses of Murraya koenigii leaves significantly delayed reaction time in hot plate method and tail clip method. The results were comparable to that produced by standard drug morphine.Conclusions: Murraya koenigii leaves has analgesic activity which was comparable to morphine.
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This study aims to investigate whether the characteristic of anti-inflammatory and protective effect of hepato- pancreascould mediate the antihyperglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii. Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were inducedhyperglycemia by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (STZ-NA). The hyperglycemic rats were treated with an ethanolicextract of M. koenigii 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. One group of the rats was treated with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg b.w). After M. koenigii extract and glibenclamide for 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and organ sampleswere collected under a fasting condition. The evaluation was made towards the expression of pro-inflammatorycytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) as well as the histopathological change in the liver and pancreas. The beneficial effects ofMurraya ko enigii would bring the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect and increased the number and sizeof islet Langerhans. This research reveals that M. koenigii has a charateristic of anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective,and it contributes to regeneration of damaged pancreatic islet. This effect is accompanied by a decrease in plasmaglucose levels
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Background: Hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia seen in diabetes mellitus result in oxidative stress and pose significant risk of cognitive decline that may lead to Alzheimer’s disease. Approved anti-diabetic drugs have so far failed to demonstrate anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic activity, apart from saroglitazar. Therefore, this study was done to find a suitable anti-diabetic drug that possesses anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic activities and can reverse cognitive decline.Methods: Emblica officinalis (250 mg/kg, p.o. and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and Murraya koenigii (250 mg/kg, p.o. and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) were chosen to study these activities in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [STZ] (50 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profile were measured on day 1 and day 30 of the experiment. Cognitive function was assessed by measuring transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus maze, step-down latency (SDL) on passive avoidance apparatus and retention latency (RL) and quadrant time (QT) in Morris water maze. Oxidative stress was assessed at end of study by measuring brain MDA and GSH levels. Cholinergic marker of cognition, AChE was measured in brain at end of study.Results: Both E. officinalis and M. koenigii showed dose dependent anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-oxidant effects in diabetic rats with 500 mg/kg dose showing significantly higher effect. Both 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg dose of E. officinalis and M. koenigii partially reversed cognitive decline in diabetic rats by day 30.Conclusions: 500 mg/kg p.o. dose of E. officinalis or M. koenigii has potential to reverse cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Background: The medicinal plant Murraya koenigii shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activities (hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic). Objective of this study is the present study was designed to evaluate Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic property of Murraya koenigii in experimentally induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Experimental diabetes was produced with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ): 45 mg/kg IP. The rats were randomly allocated in various groups for 37 days. After the confirmation of diabetes on 7th day (>200 mg/dl), hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii (500 mg/kg) was administered orally to experimental rats from day 7th day and continued for 37 days thereafter. Various antidiabetic (Glucose, HbA1C), metabolic (Lipid profile), safety (pancreatic lipase, Creatinine, SGPT, Histopathology of Liver and Kidney) were evaluated in various group.Results: Efficacy of Murraya koenigii was observed on various parameter of diabetes. Administration of STZ resulted in a significant decrease in diabetic changes (increase in blood glucose, HbA1C), altered lipid profile (p<0.01) in the Control group rats as compared to sham group. Murraya koenigii treatment demonstrated significant antidiabetic indicated by restoration of blood glucose, HbA1C level (p<0.01) compared to Control group. In addition, Murraya koenigii also documented hypolipidemic property of test drug. As per biochemical assessment of Pancreatic lipase, Serum creatinine, SGPT and Histopathological report, the test drug reduce the pancreatic, liver and renal marker and also showed safe to pancreas, Liver and kidney. The histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney confirmed the biochemical findings.Conclusions: The study concluded that the Murraya koenigii possess antidiabetic efficacy.
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Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antipyretic activity of alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in rabbits by using PGE1 induced hyperpyrexia method. We found that not much work has been done on the antipyretic effect of this plant.Methods: Laboratory breed New Zealand strains of rabbits of either sex weighing 1000-1500 gm were used in the study. The animals were divided into five groups (n=6). The rabbits of all the groups were made febrile by injecting misoprostol (PGE1) subcutaneously in the dose of 100 mcg/kg. For group 1 and 2, normal saline 2ml/kg as control and aspirin 28mg/kg as standard were given respectively. Alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii leaves in the doses of 200, 400 and 800mg/kg were administered in remaining three groups respectively. Rectal temperatures were recorded with help of digital thermometer for every 30 min after drug treatment.Results: Alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii produced highly significant (p<0.001) antipyretic effect in 400 and 800 mg/kg doses. But onset of action was fast with 800mg/kg dose.Conclusions: This study concludes that Alcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii has fast onset of action and also exhibited sustained anti pyretic action in New Zealand rabbits.
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@#Introduction: Preclinical studies have reported that Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) could enhance memory. MKL is also known for its antioxidant activity. The current study was to assess the possible neuroprotective potential of MKL methanolic extract in a two vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model of partial global cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Rats were divided into memory and learning groups. Each group was subdivided into sham control, untreated 2VO and MKL-treated 2VO subgroups. The Morris water maze test was implemented to assess the rats’ cognitive function postoperatively. Brain samples were histopathologically examined for viable neurons within the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: Water maze test findings showed that MKL positively improved memory and learning impairments. However, this improvement in memory test for the treated group was still significantly inferior to that of the healthy control group. Additionally, MKL treated group exhibited insignificant difference in the number of viable hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from that of the untreated 2VO group, whereas both MKL treated and untreated 2VO groups showed significantly less viable neurons when compared with the control group. Conclusion: MKL extract modestly improved memory without providing substantial neuroprotective action to the hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic partial global cerebral ischaemia.
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The herbal extracts have been effectively tried in the treatment and prevention of many oral diseases. Aim: The aim is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Acacia nilotica, Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel, Eucalyptus hybrid, Psidium guajava extracts and their combinations on Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Materials and Methods: The extraction process was carried out by Soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as solvent. The combinations of the four plant extracts were prepared by combining an equal quantity of 10% solution of each of the four plant extracts. The antimicrobial efficacy testing of the plant extracts and their combinations on Fn and Pg was performed using agar well diffusion method. Columbia 5% of sheep blood agar plates were used for antimicrobial efficacy testing under anaerobic conditions. The qualitative assay was carried out to identify the various phytochemical constituents. Dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.2% chlorhexidine acted as negative and positive controls, respectively. The mean diameter of inhibition zone between different categories was compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results: All the individual plant extracts and their double, triple, and quadruple combinations were effective in inhibiting the growth of these bacteria. However, 0.2% chlorhexidine produced the highest mean diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion: The plant extracts in combinations offer enhanced antimicrobial efficacy due to their synergistic action besides slowing the development of bacterial resistance. Hence, these extracts in combinations could be used tried as effective alternates to chlorhexidine.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of defatted methanolic extract and aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) against cyclophosphamide drug.@*METHODS@#Nephrotoxicity was induced by cyclophosphamide in 7 days at 150 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal route in rat model. Nephroprotective activity of M. koenigii extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in intraperitoneal route) was measured, including nephrological source, oxidative stress parameters like superoxide dismutase, glutathione, the lipid peroxide and in vivo assay like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine were determined and analyzed by One way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test.@*RESULTS@#The study result showed that important phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, protein and steroids were found to be present in the extract of M. koenigii. The renal function markers like blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level were found to be decreased significantly by M. koenigii extract treatment. A significant difference was found to be at P < 0.01.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The present study reveals the protective role of M. koenigii extract against cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity.
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Objective To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of defatted methanolic extract and aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) against cyclophosphamide drug. Methods Nephrotoxicity was induced by cyclophosphamide in 7 days at 150 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal route in rat model. Nephroprotective activity of M. koenigii extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in intraperitoneal route) was measured, including nephrological source, oxidative stress parameters like superoxide dismutase, glutathione, the lipid peroxide and in vivo assay like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine were determined and analyzed by One way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results The study result showed that important phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannin, alkaloids, glycosides, protein and steroids were found to be present in the extract of M. koenigii. The renal function markers like blood urea nitrogen and creatinine level were found to be decreased significantly by M. koenigii extract treatment. A significant difference was found to be at P < 0.01. Conclusions The present study reveals the protective role of M. koenigii extract against cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity.
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Background: The rise in disease incidence, increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to currently used antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals, and financial considerations in developing countries necessitates alternate preventive and treatment strategies for oral diseases. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of triple and quadruple combinations of Acacia nilotica (AN), Murraya koenigii (Linn.) (MKL) Sprengel, Eucalyptus (Euca), and Psidium guajava (PS) on primary plaque colonizers. Materials and Methods: The phytochemicals in four plants were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus. The dried extracts were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare stock solutions (100 mg/ml) of each plant. The triple and quadruple combinations were prepared after mixing equal quantities of stock solutions from each plant extracts. The antimicrobial efficacy testing was done on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius using agar well diffusion method. Chlorhexidine of 0.2% composition and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The mean diameter of inhibition zone between different categories was compared using one‑way analysis of variance. Results: The combination of AN + MKL Sprengel + Euca + PS produced the highest mean diameter of inhibition zone (23.5 ± 2.17 mm) against S. mutans. The combination of AN + MKL Sprengel + Euca produced the maximum antimicrobial efficacy against S. sanguis (19.83 ± 1.33). Conclusion: All the triple and quadruple combinations of the plant extracts offered antimicrobial benefits either superior or comparable to 0.2% chlorhexidine against S. mutans, S. sanguis, and S. salivarius.
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Background: The present study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic activity of aqueous extract leaves of Murraya koenigii linn in Albino rats using tail fl ick method, Eddy’s hot plate methods and anti-infl ammatory activity in Carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. Methods: The analgesic activity was evaluated using Eddy’s hot plate induced hyperalgesia and tail fl ick method, which served as thermal induced pain, where the animal were placed on the hot plate and the reaction time to (lick the paw/ jump out) from the hot plate was observed, 0, 30, 60, 90 mins. Murraya 300 mg, 600 mg/kg/body weight (BW) and ibuprofen (5 mg/kg BW) was administered per oral. The anti-infl ammatory activity was measured by Carrageenan induced paw edema volumes at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hrs using mercury plethysmometer, which served as chemical induced pain models. Results: The mean reaction time in Murraya at a dose of 600 mg/kg at 0 min 5.45±0.72, at 30 mins 6.52±1.03, at 60 mins 7.6±0.81, at 90 mins 8.8±0.63 respectively. The mean reaction time increased signifi cantly with Murraya at dose of 600 mg/kg when compared with control. In the ibuprofen group, the mean reaction time at 0 hr was 0.28±0.04, at 1 hr 0.34±0.05, at 2 hrs 0.46±0.03, at 3 hrs 0.61±0.05, at 4 hrs 0.76±0.05. The mean reaction time Murraya in group 600 mg/kg at 0 hr 0.27±0.04, at 1 hrs 0.39±0.03, at 2 hrs 0.48±0.06, at 3 hrs 0.68±0.05, at 6 hrs 0.80±0.03, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Murraya (leaf) extract revealed signifi cant analgesic and anti-infl ammatory in thermal and chemical induced pain models.
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Background: Study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Murraya koenigii, a traditional medicinal plant (Curry leaf) in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetes rabbits. Methods: Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of M. koenigii in 100, 200 300 mg/k doses was determined by estimating blood glucose before and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 72 hours post treatment intervals in treated rabbits. Results: Aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii showed a dose dependent antidiabetic activity with maximum effect established at 300 mg/kg. The extract also exhibited a significant (p<0.05) dosedependent hypoglycemic effect on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Conclusion: Murraya koenigii causes a reduction in blood glucose. This hypoglycemic property supports-its usein folkloric medicine as an antidiabetic agent and thus suggests a place for it in nutritional therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus and thus as an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
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Curry leaf viz. Murraya koenigiil eaves (MKL) is an ancient Ayurvedic medicinal plant that has recently been described as possessing robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study was conducted to determine the long-term LD50 of the methanolic extract of MKL during daily oral administration. Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats were recruited into the study. Each group comprised of six rats including the control group (1). The oral MKL doses used for groups (2) to (5) were 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively for a duration of ten weeks. The daily measured toxicity parameters were food and water consumption, body weight, general activity in forced swimming test and the cumulative mortalities. Group (5) showed 100% mortality within the first month of the study. Group (4) showed 50% mortality with signs of toxicity for the other 3 animals. Group (3) showed no mortalities but signs of toxicity for one animal were observed. No mortalities or toxicity signs were observed for any of group (2) animals. It can be concluded that the chronic LD50 for Malaysian cultivated MKL is 200 mg/kg/day, and the safest dose of MKL methanolic extract that can be implemented for long-term studies should not exceed 50 mg/kg/day.
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Objective:- Murraya koenigii commonly known as curry patta is used in the ancient medicine for curing different ailments. The aim of the present work is to estimate total phenolic content found in the leaves of Murraya koenigii. Method:- Total phenolic content of Murraya koenigii was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent by using gallic acid as calibration standard. Result:- The total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu was found to be 5.32. Conclusion:- From the findings it may be concluded that this drug may find use in diabetes and liver related problems.
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The present study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanol extract from roots of Murraya koenigii. Ethanol extract of roots was used to study their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant including radical scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide. The ethanol extract showed significant results, Total phenolic contents were estimated to be equivalents to 51.23 ± 2.53mg of gallic acid equivalent and total flavonoid contents were 43.58 ± 1.89mg of catechin/g equivalent. The percentage of DPPH and NO scavenging activity increased with increasing various concentration of extract.
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Wheat flour was used to substitute mushroom flour at the ratio of 70:30 as category A, 50:50 as category B, 30:70 as category C, and each categories were substituted with spice (Murraya koenigii) at concentration ratio of 5g, 10g, and 15g respectively. The cookies prepared without wheat flour and also without mushroom flour serve as positive control. The spread ratio was determined with meter rule: Total Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Coliform and Fungi count were determined using standard microbiological procedure and the effect of the spice (Murraya koenigii) concentration was noted. Consumer preference or otherwise was also determine using a taste parnel list. The mean quality scores of microbial count, Staphylococcal count and Fungi count reduces significantly at p<0.05 as the spice concentration increases but the Bacillus proves resistant to the effect of the spice. The mean quality sensory scores of the cookies range from: colour (3.55 – 3.45), flavour (4.9 – 3.5), taste (4.9 – 3.0) and overall acceptability (5.0 – 3.0) for 70:30. Colour (4.9 – 3.0), flavour (4.0 – 3.5), taste (4.9 – 3.0) and overall acceptability (4.9 – 3.0) for 50:50. Colour (3.5 – 2.0), taste (2.5 – 2.0) and overall acceptability (3.0 – 2.0) for 30:70 respectively. The result shows a significant difference at probability level P<0.05 as the spice concentration increases for category A and B but C display no significant difference. the production of cookies from wheat flour fortified with (Murraya koenigii) be encouraged to achieve and harvested the preservatives, potential of the spice (Murraya koenigii) and the other medical properties that has been recorded from literature review.
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Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma. The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of roots of the plant were screened for phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids in the root extracts of the plant. The study shows that all the extracts possess remarkable antibacterial activity. Additionally, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts also had antifungal activity.