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Introduction: Many studies showed that police officers complained about physical and mental health issues due to job stress. These work stresses lead to adop?ng unhealthy lifestyles and habits including the harmful use of alcohol and tobacco use which leads to high blood pressure, heart a?acks, and other NCDs. Methods: This cross-sec?onal study included all male police personnel of all cadres from nine police sta?ons of Karimnagar Mandal. WHO STEPS NCD survey ques?onnaires were used to collect basic soci-demographic informa?on, clinical history, stress, and anthropometry for measurements of CVD risk factors. Result: 253 police personnel with a mean age of 41.09 years enrolled from all cadres. 152 (60%) of police personnel had mul?ple cardiovascular risk factors. Hypercholesterolemia (37.2%) followed by a sedentary lifestyle (30.8%), and diabetes mellitus (14.6%) were important findings in this study. This study has also revealed an important link between preceding condi?ons for developing cardiovascular diseases such as pre-hypertension in 42.7% and impaired fas?ng glucose level in 25.7% of police personnel. Half of the study police personnel had a family history of NCDs and it was not sta?s?cally significant with service experience. There was a strong associa?on between years of experience and tobacco and alcohol use. Organiza?onal and opera?onal stress levels increased with the increase in years of experience in policing (p-value<0. 01). Conclusion: Smoking and alcohol consump?on were more prevalent among Police personnel which need to be controlled. Physical inac?vity was another important area. Their a?tude towards controlling the risk factors and prac?cing healthy behavior to safeguard from cardiovascular diseases has to be strengthened. It can be done by conduc?ng regular awareness camps, training sessions, and regular cardiac risk factor evalua?ons for all police personnel.
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Introduction : This study was designed to find out the group mean prevalence of NCD risk factors in different administrative divisions of West Bengal (WB) and to explore the probable reasons of these differences in different indigenous habitat wise groups of districts of West Bengal. Methods : This descriptive study was conducted on available secondary data from National Family Health Survey- 5 (NFHS-5) regarding NCD risk factors. For this study, WB’s districts were divided into five administrative divisions namely Presidency, Medinipur, Burdwan, Malda and Jalpaiguri. Again WB State divided into three groups namely Jangalmahal (forest region), Pahar (Himalayan Hilly region) and “Rest of West Bengal” (ROW) on the basis of habitat of major indigenous people. Data are analyzed by Microsoft excel software in percentage and group mean. Results : Presidency (M: 20.6% versus F: 21.9%) with Medinipur (M: 20.3% versus F: 19%) divisions and Jangalmahal group of districts (M: 22.1% versus F: 16.5%) have higher group me n prevalence of high blood sugar in West Bengal. High group mean prevalence of high blood pressure was observed in Pahar (M: 26.6% versus F: 25.2%) group of districts and Jalpaiguri (M: 24.7% versus F:24%) division. The group mean prevalence of alcohol intake is very high in Jalpaiguri division (M: 25.2% versus F: 3%). The group mean prevalence of obesity (women aged 15-49 years) is increased from the last NFHS -4 survey. Conclusion : The group mean prevalence of alcohol intake and high blood pressure are very high in Pahar. The tobacco use related habit is comparatively high in Jangalmahal and Pahar group of districts. The group mean prevalence of high blood sugar is comparatively high in Jangalmahal and Presidency division areas.
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Adolescents constitute around 16 % of the total global population, with an absolute number of 1.2 billion. The rapid psychosocial and sexual changes that occur during the puberty period influence every aspect of teenage life. Such changes make adolescence a unique phase in every life-course and to lay the groundwork for good adult health. Health problems and behaviour problems that arise during adolescence lead to chronic illness and alcohol abuse. Mainly the risk factors are behaviourally acquired and are due to change in lifestyle during adolescent age group. The aetiology of NCDs is multifarious and both genetic and environmental factors play a role. METHODSA cross-sectional college-based study was conducted by using a pre-structured and pre-designed questionnaire in junior colleges in Wardha district among students of 17 - 19 years age group by using the WHO STEPS questionnaires. RESULTSMales were 51 i.e. 28.5 % and females were 149 i.e. 74.5 %. In the present study, 7 males i.e. 13.72 % and 22 females 14.76 % were having work related physical activity. 13 males i.e. 25.49 % and 35 females i.e. 23.48 % were exposed to second hand smoke at home at home; 4 males and 31 females were exposed to second smoke at work place. About 44 males are underweight (BMI less than 18.5) and 78 females are the same. Only 7 males have normal weight while 62 females have average weight (BMI = 18.5 - 24.9). There were zero pre obese and obese participants among males while 7 females are pre obese and 2 females are obese. CONCLUSIONSThere was a substantial gap between groups of males and females who believe that excess salt intake is detrimental to the body. There was significant difference in waist / hip ratio of males and females. It means males have lower waist / hip ratio than females. There was significant difference in BMI categories of male and female. More males are underweight compared to females. However, more females are pre-obese and obese.
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Background: Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to developing NCD (non communicable diseases) risk factors due to changing lifestyles. Hence it is essential to recognize NCD risk factors among adolescents. School plays an important role in imparting knowledge and shaping the behaviours and practices among children. This study focusses on the school related factors that may be influencing the NCD risk factors among adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted among 438 students, 13 to 15 years old of two central government schools in Delhi. A self-administered modified STEPS questionnaire, an observation checklist for assessing facilities at schools and an interview schedule for school staff were used to collect data.Results: The statistically significant determinants of inadequate fruits and vegetable intake and excess fast food intake were consumption of fast food from vendors selling food outside the school (OR=4.36), inadequate physical activity at school (OR=2.56) and feeling stressed at school (OR=2.93). Physical activity at school was an important determinant for overall physical activity of students (OR=2.38). Current tobacco use and current alcohol use was determined by feeling stressed at school (OR=3.12). Health education classes at school had a protective effect on the NCD risk factors.Conclusions: Many school related factors such as absence of playground at school, stressed life at school and vendors selling fast food outside school were seen to influence lifestyle risk factors amongst adolescents. Hence an active involvement of school by increasing health education classes and providing adequate facilities for physical activities may help in reducing the NCD risk factors among students.
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Introduction: Diabetes is an important public health problem,one of our priority non communicable diseases (NCDs)targeted for action by world leaders. Both the number of casesand the prevalence of diabetes have been steadily increasingover the past few decades. The global prevalence of diabeteshas nearly doubled in year 2014 since 1980, rising from 4.7%to 8.5% in the adult population. Study objective was to findout risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among 40 yearand above in rural areas of Varanasi.Material and methods: A community based cross sectionalstudy was conducted in rural areas of Varanasi covering 40year and above. WHO, STEP approach was used for datacollection in this study. RBS and FBS blood sugar measuredand diagnosis was confirmed by WHO criteria. χ2 test wasapplied to find significant association.Results: The mean ±SD age of the study subject was55.19+11.92 years. The prevalence of smoking, alcoholintake, fruits consumption, vegetables consumption andphysical activity was 18.3%, 22.7%, 48.1%, 99.8% and 28.8%respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.1%.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found 15.5%and 32.5% respectively, while prevalence of hypertension was29%.Conclusion: Study showed that the association betweenphysiological risk factors such as obesity and hypertensionwith diabetes was statistically significant (p<0.05), whilebehavioural risk factors mentioned above were not statisticallysignificant (p>0.05).
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Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a cluster of major chronic diseases. Smoking habit, alcoholism, low quality diet intakes, physical inactivity are some of the established risk factors of the NCDs. In developing country like India the problem of lifestyle and its consequent diseases needs to be addressed vigorously by all public health care personnel. Objective of the study was to assess prevalence of modifiable risk factors using the WHO STEPS approach in urban slum.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of urban health training centre of the department of community medicine of PCMS and RC, Bhopal using questionnaire.Results: Highest prevalence of modifiable risk factor was inadequate diet (85.2%), followed by smokeless tobacco consumption (59.1%) and low physical activity (46.1%). Tobacco smoking (31.9%) and alcohol (22.6%) were next, followed by high blood pressure (20.1%). Prevalence of least risk factors was overweight (13.9%).Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for NCDs is quite high. Its prevalence even in the younger age groups is a pointer to the fact that the burden of NCDs is going to rise in near future.
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Background: Non communicable diseases are responsible for a high proportion of deaths and disabilities. The major risk factors attributed to this are smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, inadequate fruit, and vegetable consumptions, and physical inactivity. While there are data available to understand the prevalence of non-communicable risk factors among men and women, there is no data among transgender community. Hence this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of NCD risk factors among the male-to-female transgender community.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 54 transwomen who had been registered with two social welfare organizations for transgender community in Chennai. The risk factor was assessed using WHO STEPS instrument.Results: Among the transwomen, 16.7% were currently smoking tobacco, while 18.5% were using smokeless forms of tobacco. Alcohol consumption was observed in 44.4% of the population. 62.9% of them were not involved in any kind of exerting physical activity for recreation. 25.9% had undergone hormone supplementation for gender affirmation. Prevalence of obesity was 20.4% in the study population. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia was 11.1%, 5.6% and 7.4% respectively.Conclusions: High Prevalence of certain risk factors such as smokeless tobacco usage, alcohol consumption and hormone supplementation were seen among the male-to-female transgender community compared to the general population. Targeted interventions must be made so that specific attention is given to the transgender community in various NCD programs by the government. They must also be supported and accepted by every member of this society.
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Background: Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a mushrooming problem and accounts for majority of deaths. Paradoxically the population of Kerala is increasingly susceptible to NCDs despite having good access to health care. Doctors work in highly stressful conditions and often adopt sedentary lifestyles thereby forming a subset of the NCD prone population. The objective of this study was to assess the health status of the doctors which would provide an insight into their health and level of awareness regarding the role of lifestyle in prevention of NCDs.Methods: Sixty five doctors participated in this Cross-Sectional Observational study conducted at a CME in Kerala. After obtaining Institutional Ethical clearance, demographic profile was collected, and fat levels were estimated using body composition analyzer (OMRON-HBF375). The results were tabulated using Microsoft Office Excel, analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: On classifying the study group based on BMI, only 34 were normal, 26 were Overweight, and 4 were Obese. Gender wise distribution of body fat revealed only 4 had normal body fat composition. The study also showed that as age advances the amount of total and visceral fat shows a significant upward trend in males.Conclusions: BMI alone cannot be used as a predictor of health status. Body Fat percentage analysis should be included in routine screening programs. Men have a tendency to develop visceral adiposity with age. Females depend more on fat as primary source and hence females will respond better to a properly programmed exercise regime and men to a well guided diet program with exercise.
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Background: Overweight and obesity are the precursor of most of the non communicable diseases. Body mass index is an important indicator to measure obesity. Though medicos have the requisite knowledge on the morbidities associated with overweight and obesity, they are not in an advantageous position as compared with the common man due their life style.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 372 undergraduate students attending the classes at Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical college, Berhampur, Odisha. BMI of the students was measured, and socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors were assessed during the study with the help of a semi structured, pretested questionnaire.Results: Out of 372 students, 67.7% were males. Mean BMI of the students was 23.68 ranging from 14.96 to 43.70. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight was 4.8% and 24.2% respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, family history of obesity, place of residence, frequent fast food consumption. However other variables like use of electronic gadgets and vehicles, place of food consumption didn’t show any significant association.Conclusions: Medical students being the future physicians, greater emphasis should be laid among them in terms of prevention of obesity and overweight and on reinforcing all preventive measures like physical activities, correct diet, and maintenance of correct BMI. This will in the long run help in enhancement of control of many non-communicable diseases which are associated with overweight and obesity.
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Previously developed Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) peptide-modified multifunctional poly(ethyleneimine)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-PEG)-based nanoparticles (TPIC) have been considered to be promising carriers for the co-delivery of DNA and doxorubicin (DOX). As a continued effort, the aim of the present study was to further evaluate the interaction between TPIC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to better understand the cellular entry mechanism. In the present investigation, experiments relevant to co-localization, endocytosis inhibitors and factors influencing the internalization were performed. Without any treatment, there was no co-localization between aminopeptidase N/CD13 (APN/CD13) and caveolin 1 (CAV1). However, co-localization between CD13 and CAV1 was observed when cells were incubated with an anti-CD13 antibody or TPIC. As compared with antibody treatment, TPIC accelerated the speed and enhanced the degree of co-localization. TPIC entered HUVEC not only together with CD13 but also together with CAV1. However, this internalization was not dependent on the enzyme activity of CD13 but could be inhibited by methyl--eyclodextfin (MCD), further identifying the involvement of caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CvME). This conclusion was also verified by endocytosis inhibitor experiments.
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<p>In the year 2000, the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database (JCVSD) was created with the support of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). STS database software was translated to Japanese with the same definitions and in 2001, the data entry of adult cardiac surgeries was initiated online using University Hospital Medical Information Network, UMIN. In 2008, entry of the data of congenital heart surgeries was initiated in the congenital section of JCVSD and preoperative expected mortality (JapanSCORE) in adult cardiovascular surgeries was first calculated using the risk model of JCVSD. In 2011, the Japan Surgical Board system merged with JCVSD and all cardiovascular surgical data could be registered in JCVSD from 2012. The reports resulting from the analyses of data from JCVSD (Current Status of Cardiovascular Surgery in Japan, 2013 and 2014 : A report based on the JCVSD) will encourage further improvements in the quality of cardiovascular surgeries, patient safety, and medical care for patients in Japan.</p>
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As the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate in South-East Asia, it is imperative that urgent and populationwide strategies are adopted. The most important contributors to the rise in noncommunicable disease are a rise in mean caloric intake and a decrease in physical activity. The evidence for population-based dietary approaches to counter these factors is reviewed. Several structural and cohesive interdepartmental coordination efforts are required for effective implementation of prevention strategies. Since low- and middle-income countries may lack the frameworks for effective and integrated multi-stakeholder intervention, implementation of population-based dietary and physical-activity approaches may be delayed and may be too late for effective prevention in current at-risk cohorts. Evidence-based strategies to decrease energy intake and increase physical activity are now well established and their urgent adoption by Member States of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region is essential. In the context of Sri Lanka, for example, it is recommended that the most effective and easy-to-implement interventions would be media campaigns, restrictions on advertisement of unhealthy foods, taxation of unhealthy foods, subsidies for production of healthy foods, and laws on nutrition labelling that introduce colour coding of packaged foods.
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Non-communicable disease ( NCD) is the major threat to citizens in public health.Under the leadership of local authorities and in accordance with rules and regulations, the Shanghai Municipal Government is undertaking the responsibility of establishing public health system, developing national model city of NCD prevention and control, integrating NCD treatment and prevention approaches, innovating new model of communication, motivating healthy lifestyle, and promoting “Internet +”practice, so as to improve health care management of NCD in all phases.
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The prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) has been continuously increasing due to population ageing, and the change in consumption and lifestyle patterns. Cancers, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertensive diseases have been the major causes of deaths in the Republic of Korea since 1983. Numerous studies have suggested the need for a sustained comprehensive treatment tailored for individual patients and recommend the development of a systematic program to manage NCD patients to provide such care. It's necessary to develop the Korean model of the community based NCD prevention and control, consisting strategy of community movement, education for the NCD patients, and partnership the primary care clinic with public health organization to meet the needs in community people.
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Humains , Cause de décès , Éducation , Mode de vie , Prévalence , Soins de santé primaires , Santé publique , République de CoréeRésumé
Alcohol consumption is today’s major public health concern in our country, which can be largely reduced solely by primordial and primary prevention. According to NFHS III, 31.9% of men and 2.2% of women drink alcohol in India. Aims & objectives: To determine the prevalence and correlates of alcohol intake among the rural community of block Beri, district Jhajjar, Haryana. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the period of September 2012 to August 2013. Multistage random sampling was used in this study. From each selected PHC, two subcentres were randomly selected and from each subcentre area, two anganwadis were also selected by simple random sampling technique. Hence a total of 6 sub-health centres and 12 anganwadis were included in the study. From each anganwadi, 90 individuals of 15-64 years age group who were further subdivided into 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years age-group were selected and interviewed. Thus, a sample size of 1080 was included in the study Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of ever alcohol intake was found 25.7% (Males:49.1%; Females: 2.4%). The prevalence of current alcohol intake was found to be 18.8% (Males: 36.9%; Females: 0.7%). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the high burden of alcohol intake in rural areas and reiterated the need to address these issues comprehensively as a part of NCD prevention and control strategy.
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Introduction In recent years it has been observed epidemiological transition in the world population’s morbidity and mortality causes, indicating a shift from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases. In 2012, cardiovascular diseases alone accounts for 30 per cent of all deaths in the world. In Mongolia, non-communicable diseases are growing steadily and becoming the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of population. According to the Global School-based Student Health Survey-Mongolia 2010, overall, 19.3 per cent of school children had 4 or more nutritional risk factors of NCD and 8,3 per cent of students were overweight and 0,8 per cent were obese. Above mentioned study shows that, the prevention of NCD should be started from childhood, improving the consumption of fruits and vegetables for school snack and lunch is important in the prevention of NCD among school children. The study is aimed at determination of types, consumption and chemical composition of food products and meals provided in school snack program. Scope and methods of investigation The investigation was performed in Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Under the our investigation included a totally 14 school canteens of Ulaanbaatar and Tuv aimag. Consumption of Food products was investigated using the Food Consumption Questionnaire method. All managers of school canteens interviewed by well-trained researchers using the time from 20 to 30 min for each of them. Food samples were obtained, keeping in cool boxes, transported to the Public Health Central Laboratory of National Center of Public Health, Mongolia. Chemical composition of food and snack samples were investigated according to the related standard methods for determination of protein, fat, carbohydrates, Vitamin C, Calcium. Results Consumption of vegetables and local fruits for school snack and meal was not enough for prevention of NCD among school children. Use of milk and milk products for school snacks and lunch were obtained only 1-3 times during the 10 days, which is too poor consumption. According to the results of chemical analysis, 83.4 per cent of all food samples had calories less than 340 kcal, which is the required value of calories of school snack per one student. With regard to protein level 50 per cent of samples had 2.57-7.7grams of protein, which is lower than the recommended level of 10-12 gr. Fat level of samples were ranged between 7.2-1.97 grams and 95.5 per cent of samples had lower fat content compared to the recommended value of 9.0 grams. When 68.7 per cent of samples had 4.5-38.03 grams of carbohydrates, which is lower than the recommended amount, some 4.5 per cent of samples had higher carbohydrates compared to the recommendation. Amount of vitamin C in school snack was extremely lower than the recommended amount that vitamin C was found between 0.02-2.31mg, satisfying only 10 per cent of the national recommendation of vitamin C amount for school snack. Amount of Calcium in milk products of school snack and meals was also low than recommended level.
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IntroductionAs prevalence of morbidity and mortality due to the non-communicable diseases is high, educationand communication are crucial in terms of reduction of the risk factors of these diseases amongstthe population. However, the sources and needs for information regarding NCDs among the generalpopulation, especially among the rural herdsmen, are still unknown.Materials and MethodsThe study used a population based cross sectional design selecting 500 herders in total by themultistage random cluster sampling method from 4 provinces and 12 soums of 4 the geographicalregions of Mongolia. Data collection methods included both quantitative and qualitative methodsfollowed by an analysis of the data using the by SPSS 17.0 software.ResultsA total of 228 herding families participated in the study and 78.5% of them were use television, 37.3%--radio and 10.1% -- newsletters. As for sources of health information, 53.4% of participants receiveinformation on NCDs from the television, 32.2% - from health care facilities, and 18.6% -- from radio.More than 65% of the participants state that the information on NCDs is “insufficient”, whereas 92%have never participated in trainings on NCDs, and 84.4% were have had no access to NCD-relatedbrochures and handouts. These results indicate that the NCD related information available to theherders and rural population is insufficient. In terms of demand for information on non-communicablediseases, 82.2% of the respondents answered that information is necessary, 60.4% of the herdersprefer to have information through television, 42.2%-- through soum doctors and bag feldschers,35.8%-- from health care facilities, and 31.4% -- from the radio.ConclusionInformation on NCDs available to rural herders and households is insufficient, thus more appropriatemethods for delivery NCD information should be used meeting their demands and their preferenceof the sources of health information.
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In some clinical situations such as cerebrovascular accident, pelvic bone fracture or any bed ridden states patients do not have self control of their bowel movement. Nursing care around the perianal area is not an easy job. There is no devices which substitude the work because of the chracteristics of the anatomy of the anorectum and the fecal matter made of solid and gel state component. AIM: to evaluate the possibility of passive evacuation of the fecal matter from the rectum with a newly developed silicon device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A New Colostomy Device (NCD; US Patent No. 5,569,216) for fixing in the stoma or rectum of human body, includes an internal balloon, a ring figured external balloon surrounding the internal balloon, a connecting tube disposed under the both internal and external balloons and supply tube containing a pair of air passages and an enema fluid passages. It is designed to be inserted into the rectum and is held in place by an inflatable external balloon and drains irrigated fecal matter through a thin collapsible connecting tube which exist in the anal canal. Six mongrel dog with 20~25 kg of body weight was used for the acute experiment. Three types (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 cm in luminal diameter of the solid portion) of NCD were applied in 3 consecutive every other days. For softening of the stool, normally harder than that of human, Psyllium dextrose 30 gm was added to the daily food. Average 750 cc of tepid water was administered through the device for bowel irrigation. Anesthesia was not used in each procedures. The amount evacuated fecal matter and remained solid stool in rectum were checked. To evaluate the rectal mucosal injury anoscopic examinations were performed. RESULTS: Stool evacuation was closely correlated with the intemal diameter of the device and stool component. The device with 2.5 cm in luminal diameter passed fecal matter well enough in 5 of 6 dogs however, smaller devices did not. Accidental prolapse of NCD were noted in 4 of 6 cases with 2.5 cm sized and all of 1.5 and 2.0 sized devices eventually until last push. CONCLUSION: The NCD with 2.5 cm of internal diameter could be used in selected clinical situations.
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Animaux , Chiens , Humains , Canal anal , Anesthésie , Poids , Colostomie , Lavement (produit) , Glucose , Corps humain , Soins infirmiers , Os coxal , Phénobarbital , Prolapsus , Psyllium , Rectum , Silicone , Accident vasculaire cérébral , EauRésumé
BACKGROUND: Recently developed electrically stimulated gracilis neosphicter or artificial sphincter is quite a promising trial in fecal incontinence However, surgical technique is not simple, the devices are expensive and only specialists can perform the procedures successfully. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed simple silicon device in incontinent dog model. METHODS: A New Colostomy Device (NCD; US Patent No. 5,569,216) for fixing in the stoma or rectum of human body, includes an internal balloon, a ring figured extemal balloon surrounding the internal balloon, a connecting tube disposed under the both infernal and external balloons and supply tube containing a pair of air passages and an enema fluid passage. It is designed to be inserted into the rectum and is held in place by an inflatable external balloon and drains irrigated fecal matter through a thin collapsible connecting tube which exist in the anal canal. Six mongrel dog with 22~26 kg of body weight were prepared. Anal incontinence was made by bilateral severing of the internal and external sphincters and puborectalis muscle under the general anesthesia. Marlex mesh ring was applied to the anal canal as Thiersch wire for the prevention of NCD expulsion in straining. After then, NCD with 2.5 cm of luminal diameter was inserted to the rectum proximal to the Malex mesh ring. Daily irrigation and evacuation was done with 800~1000 cc of tepid water in each dogs. Daily food contained 30 gm of Psyllium dextrose. RESULTS: Initially 6 dogs were observed for 7 days. Daily irrigation made evacuation of fecal matter well in each dogs. There was no prolapse of device through the anal orifice. Anoscopic examination after 7 days showed no rectal and anal mucosal injury. Two dogs were kept for 40 days as same manner. Sometimes spontaneous bowel movement without water irrigation was noted when the stool were loose. Weelky anoscopic examination revealed no evidence of mucosal injuries for 40 days also. There was no septic or other complication. CONCLUSION: NCD evacuated fecal matter well enough to empty the rectum in all incontinence dog model. Adequate sized NCD could be used for clinical trials in selected incontinence patients.