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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the sleep quality and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with primary insomnia.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one patients with primary insomnia were included. Using SDZ-ⅡB electric acupuncture apparatus, Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10) were stimulated with disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/ 20 Hz in frequency, (0.2±30%) ms of pulse width and tolerable intensity. Electric stimulation was given once every morning and evening of a day, 30 min each time, for 4 weeks totally. Before and after treatment, the score of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), objective sleep structure (total sleep time [TST], sleep latency [SL], wake after sleep onset [WASO], sleep efficiency [SE], the percentages of non-rapid eye movement period 1, 2, 3, and the percentage of rapid eye movement period to TST [N1%, N2%, N3%, REM%] ) and nocturnal HRV (high frequency [HF], low frequency [LF], the ratio of LF to HF [LF/HF], standard deviation for the normal RR intervals [SDNN], squared root of the mean sum of squares of differences between adjacent intervals RR [RMSSD], the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with differences larger than 50 ms in the entire recording [PNN50%], the mean of sinus RR intervals [NNMean] ) were compared in the patients separately.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the score of each item and the total score of PSQI and SL were all reduced as compared with those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.001); SE, N3%, LF, HF, LF/HF, SDNN, NNMean and RMSSD were all increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.001, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The taVNS improves the sleep quality and objective sleep structure in patients with primary insomnia, which is probably related to the regulation of autonomic nervous functions.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Rythme cardiaque/physiologie , Sommeil/physiologie , Troubles de l'endormissement et du maintien du sommeil/thérapie , Nerf vague , Stimulation du nerf vagueRÉSUMÉ
Objective:To explore the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cardiac autonomic nerve function and the life quality of elderly women.Methods:Fifty-six healthy women aged 60 to 70 were randomly divided into an IMT group and a placebo control group (PLA), each of 28. The IMT group was given IMT training 5 times a week for 5 weeks with the inspiratory resistance set at 50% of their maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). The PLA group was treated similarly, but the inspiratory resistance was set at the 5% of the MIP. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, and heart rate during the inspiratory phase (HR-in) and expiratory phase (HR-ex) of deep breathing. Their quality of like was quantified using the World Health Organization′s quality of life scale (WHOQOL-100).Results:After the intervention, the average MIP and high frequency power in the HRV spectrum had increased significantly, but the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power had decreased significantly in the IMT group. In deep breathing the average HR-in and HR-ex both had decreased significantly. The average scores on all dimensions of the WHOQOL-100 were significantly higher than before the intervention and higher than those of the control group. Indeed, there were no significant differences in the PLA group′s results before and after the intervention.Conclusions:Five weeks of IMT training can significantly improve the cardiac autonomic nerve function and life quality of elderly women. This provides a reference for prescribing rehabilitation exercise for such women.
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Plasticity related gene(PRG) is a subclass of the lipid phosphate phosphatase super family, which is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system in a subtype specific pattern. PRG may be involved in mechanism of nervous system functions and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases via neuron-specific transcriptional regulation, protein-protein interaction and intracellular signaling pathway regulation. Therefore, this paper reviews the progresses of PRG in recent years and prospects the future research direction.
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ABSTRACT. The age-old debates about the localization of the mind (higher functions) took a new course when Willis located a higher nervous function (memory) in the brain parenchyma, and supposedly, in the cerebral cortex. About two centuries later, Broca, founded on solid scientific reasoning, localized a circumscribed area of the 3rd frontal circumvolution of the left hemisphere as the seat of articulate language, a higher function (speech - language domain). He (and Dax) also defined the functional asymmetry (specialization) of the hemispheres, with left dominance (for language). The period between the findings of these individuals was not quiescent, as numerous authors contributed with their theoretical and clinicopathological research toward creating a conducive scientific atmosphere for this accomplishment, and should be regarded as important. Further studies, in the decades that followed, revealed the localization of additional aspects of language and of other higher functions (cognitive domains).
RESUMO. Os debates milenares sobre a localização da mente (funções superiores) chegaram a um novo caminho quando Willis localizou uma função nervosa superior (memória) no parênquima cerebral, e supostamente, no córtex cerebral. Cerca de dois séculos depois, Broca, baseado em sólido pensamento científico, localizou uma área circunscrita da 3ª circunvolução frontal do hemisfério esquerdo como o sítio da linguagem articulada, uma função superior (fala - domínio da linguagem). Ele (e Dax) também definiu a assimetria funcional (especialização) dos hemisférios, com dominância esquerda (para linguagem). O período entre os achados dessas duas personalidades não ficou quiescente, considerando que numerosos autores contribuíram, com suas pesquisas teóricas e clinicopatológicas, para criar uma atmosfera científica adequada para tal realização, devendo ser vistos como importantes. Mais estudos, nas décadas seguintes, revelaram a localização de aspectos adicionais da linguagem e de outras funções superiores (domínios cognitivos).
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Humains , Parole , LangageRÉSUMÉ
Objective To investigate the changes in heart rate deceleration capacity( DC)and heart rate va-riability(HRV)parameters in children with vasovagal syncope(VVS),to assess the basic autonomic function of children with VVS,and to explore the reference value of DC for the diagnosis of VVS in children. Methods VVS group included 62 patients diagnosed with VVS in the Cardiovascular Department of Children＇s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2015 to December 2017,56 outpatients undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group,and the changes in DC and HRV matched to age and gender were analyzed respectively. Indexes of DC and HRV of both groups of children in health control group and children with VVS were compared among different age groups or different genders. Results (1)Analysis of DC and HRV based on age or gender:whether in healthy children or in children with VVS,DC and HRV parameters varied significantly in the range of different ages,while they were the same in children with different genders.(2)Comparison of DC and HRV in school-age and puberty children between VVS group and healthy control group:in school-aged children,DC of VVS group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group[(6. 8 ± 1. 0)ms υs.(6. 0 ± 0. 7)ms,t= -2. 412,P<0. 01]. Mean square root rates of succe-ssive normal sinus RR interval differences(rMSSD)increased,and the difference was significant( P<0. 05). In chil-dren at puberty,DC in children of VVS group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group[(7. 4 ± 1. 2)ms υs.(6. 6 ± 1. 1)ms,t= -2. 742,P<0. 01],rMSSD,LF and HF value were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy control group(all P<0. 05).(3)Predictive value of DC on VVS:the binary Logistic regression analysis found that only DC was associated with VVS in different age groups. By using receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze the predictive value of DC on VVS,it was found that when making DC 6. 5 ms for school age and 7. 0 ms at puberty as the threshold,a better prediction of VVS could be achieved with good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Children＇s autonomic nervous function changes with age,and DC and HRV parameters change signifi-cantly during adolescence and at school age. Children with VVS may have abnormally increased vagal tone. When DC≥6. 5 ms at school age or DC≥7. 0 ms at puberty,it may have a reference value for the diagnosis of VVS.
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[Abstact] Objective To investigate the characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) of ambulatory electrocardiogram in patients with acute stroke, and evaluate the predictive value of HRV in stroke prognosis. Methods Eighty-three patients acute stroke (study group) and 83 cases of healthy subjects (control group) from October 2016 to October 2017 in Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University were selected. The 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram was performed to determine HRV in 2 groups, including standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the 5 min mean cycle lengths (SDANN), root-mean-square successive difference (RMSSD) and percentage value of NN50 count (PNN50). Results The SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 in study group were significantly lower than those in control group: (80.83 ± 10.52) ms vs. (148.11 ± 22.59) ms, (79.98 ± 8.89) ms vs. (129.35 ± 5.34) ms, (19.28 ± 4.25) ms vs. (39.57 ± 2.38) ms and (5.91 ± 2.12) % vs. (19.35 ± 12.15) %, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Among the 83 patients with acute stroke, there were no statistical differences in SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 between ischemic stroke (54 cases) and hemorrhagic stroke (29 cases) (P＞0.05). The SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 in right stroke (43 cases) were significantly lower than those in left stroke (40 cases): (75.18 ± 2.32) ms vs. (88.12 ± 3.58) ms, (73.36 ± 2.18) ms vs. (85.69 ± 7.29) ms, (17.57 ± 1.67) ms vs. (20.58 ± 4.23) ms and (4.39 ± 1.57) % vs. (8.61 ± 1.12) %, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Patients were followed up for 1 year, 24 died and 59 survived. The SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 in dead patients were significantly lower than those in survived patients: (92.35 ± 4.58) ms vs. (154.37 ± 4.65) ms, (76.23 ± 4.03) ms vs. (143.95 ± 4.34) ms, (7.43 ± 2.12) ms vs. (31.65 ± 1.52) ms and (2.35 ± 0.46) % vs. (11.65 ± 0.48) % , and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions The autonomic nervous function of patients with acute stroke is seriously unbalanced, with increased sympathetic excitability and decreased vagus excitability. The decrease of HRV can easily induce cardiac events and seriously affect the prognosis.
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Objective@#To investigate the changes in heart rate deceleration capacity(DC) and heart rate va-riability(HRV) parameters in children with vasovagal syncope(VVS), to assess the basic autonomic function of children with VVS, and to explore the reference value of DC for the diagnosis of VVS in children.@*Methods@#VVS group included 62 patients diagnosed with VVS in the Cardiovascular Department of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2015 to December 2017, 56 outpatients undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group, and the changes in DC and HRV matched to age and gender were analyzed respectively.Indexes of DC and HRV of both groups of children in health control group and children with VVS were compared among different age groups or different genders.@*Results@#(1)Analysis of DC and HRV based on age or gender: whether in healthy children or in children with VVS, DC and HRV parameters varied significantly in the range of different ages, while they were the same in children with different genders.(2)Comparison of DC and HRV in school-age and puberty children between VVS group and healthy control group: in school-aged children, DC of VVS group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group [(6.8±1.0) ms vs.(6.0±0.7) ms, t=-2.412, P<0.01]. Mean square root rates of succe-ssive normal sinus RR interval differences(rMSSD) increased, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). In children at puberty, DC in children of VVS group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(7.4±1.2) ms vs.(6.6±1.1) ms, t=-2.742, P<0.01], rMSSD, LF and HF value were significantly higher compared with those of the healthy control group (all P<0.05). (3)Predictive value of DC on VVS: the binary Logistic regression analysis found that only DC was associated with VVS in different age groups.By using receiver operating characteristic curve to analyze the predictive value of DC on VVS, it was found that when making DC 6.5 ms for school age and 7.0 ms at puberty as the threshold, a better prediction of VVS could be achieved with good sensitivity and specificity.@*Conclusions@#Children′s autonomic nervous function changes with age, and DC and HRV parameters change significantly during adolescence and at school age.Children with VVS may have abnormally increased vagal tone.When DC ≥6.5 ms at school age or DC≥7.0 ms at puberty, it may have a reference value for the diagnosis of VVS.
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Objective To explore the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV),heart rate turbulence (HRT) and blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients.Methods Hypertensive patients with controlled BP group (n =50) and uncontrolled BP group (n =40) and control group non-hypertensive patients (n =52)were enrolled in this study in our hospital during June 2015 to June 2016.HRV and HRT as well as clinical characteristic of the three groups were analyzed.Results (1) Body mass index was significantly higher in the controlled BP group than in the control group.There was no statistical difference in proportions and categories of antihypertensive medication between the uncontrolled and controlled BP groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) VLF,LF and TS were significantly lower in the uncontrolled BP group than the control group,and HF was significantly lower in the uncontrolled BP group than in the controlled BP group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Results of muhiple logistic regression analysis showed that lower rMSSD,pNN50,VLF,LF,HF and TS were risk factors for BP control after adjusting for gender,age,EF value,creatinine,blood lipids,Beta-blockers and history of smoking,coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus.(4) Spearman correlation analysis of the hypertensive patients showed that LF was negatively correlated with TO,and SDNN,SDANN,rMSSD,pNN50,VLF,LF,HF were positively correlated with TS.Conclusion The present results demonstrate that uncontrolled BP is associated with abnormal HRV and HRT,which suggested autonomous nervous imbalance was existed in uncontrolled hypertensive patients.
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We examined the effect of acupuncture treatment in the supine position, sitting position, and horseback riding posture on a horseback riding simulator at a standstill from the aspects of physical movement, psychological assessment, and autonomic nerve activity. Twenty-nine university students suffering from pain and stiffness during lateral hip flexion and extension movement of the Straight Leg Raising and movement of the neck and shoulders were randomly assigned to the supine position, sitting position, and horseback riding posture, and a tape-type press needle was attached at four acupuncture points on both lower limbs. Regarding the measuring method, we conducted M-Test movement assessment, two-dimensional mood standard (TDMS-ST), and heart rate variability analysis. There was no difference in the baseline among the three groups prior to the experiment and the improvement in the movement of the neck, SLR, and hip flexion (knee flexed position) for all three groups along with the comfort level of TDMS-ST significantly increased following treatment. Moreover, while we also observed a significant increase in HF (parasympathetic activity index) for all three groups following treatment, no change was observed in the LF/HF ratio (sympathetic activity index). These findings suggest that the stimulation from the press needle by the M-Test method achieved a relaxing effect regardless of the posture because the stimulation had a low degree of invasiveness, and it was also not associated with any pain.
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Objective To explore the effect and possible mechanism of 12 weeks of progressively resistive exercises on the autonomic nervous function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) fasting and after an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT) . Methods Fifty T2DM patients were randomly divided into an exercise group ( E, n=30) and a control group ( C, n=20) . Group E performed progressively resistive exercises for 12 weeks, while group C maintained their normal lifestyle. Blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, an insulin resist-ance index ( IRI) , heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity were measured after fasting and after an OGTT before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, in the fasting state and after an OGTT, all of group E's glycemic control variables except insulin levels were significantly lower than be-fore the intervention ( P≤0.05) . No significant changes were observed in the autonomic nervous function parame-ters. However, after the intervention total power (LnTP), a comprehensive indicator of autonomic nervous system activity, normalized low frequency power (LFn), LnLF/high frequency power (LnLR/HF) and the low-frequency component of systolic blood pressure (LFSBP) increased significantly after OGTT in group E (P≤0.05), while there were no significant changes in the control group. Moreover, after the intervention there were no significant differences between the two groups in the indicators of autonomic nervous system functioning after fasting, but the LnTP, LFn, LnLF/HF and LFSBP2 of group E were significantly higher than those of group C after an OGTT (P≤0.05). In addition, the △LnLF/HF of group E was negatively correlated with △IRI (r=-0.469, P≤0.05). Conclusions Twelve weeks of progressively resistive exercises has no effect on autonomic nervous functioning after fasting for patients with T2DM, but it improves sympathetic neural responses after an OGTT. This may be related to its ameliorating insulin resistance.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To comprehensively evaluate the health status of 6 volunteers from the Mars 500 Project through analyzing their pulse graphs and determining the changes in cardiovascular function, degree of fatigue and autonomic nervous function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six volunteers were recruited; all were male aged 26-38 years (average 31.83±4.96 years). Characteristic parameters reflflecting the status of cardiovascular functions were extracted, which included left ventricular contraction, vascular elasticity and peripheral resistance. The degree of fatigue was determined depending on the difference between the calendar age and biological age, which was calculated through the analysis of blood pressure value and characteristic parameters. Based on the values of pulse height variation and pulse time variation on a 30-s pulse graph, autonomic nervous function was evaluated. All parameters examined were marked on an equilateral polygon to form an irregular polygon of the actual fifigure, then health status was evaluated based on the coverage area of the actual fifigure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results demonstrated: (1) volunteers developed weakened pulse power, increased vascular tension and peripheral resistance, and slight decreased ventricular systolic function; (2) the degree of fatigue was basically mild or moderate; and (3) autonomic nervous function was excited but generally balanced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These volunteers were in the state of sub-health. According to Chinese medicine theories, such symptoms are mainly caused by the weakening of healthy qi, Gan (Liver) failing in free coursing, and disharmony between Gan and Wei (Stomach), which manifests as a weak and string-like pulse.</p>
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Objective To observe the effect of Guanxinning Tablet (GXNT) on myocardial infarction and cardiac autonomic nervous function in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI).Methods Seventy SD rats were divided into 7 groups randomly (n=10);the sham group, the MI/RI group, 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg GXNT groups and 300 mg/kg Compound Danshen Tablets (DST) group.All rats were administered orally for 7 days, and then the MI/RI model was made by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in rats.The changes of electrocardiogram were recorded and the electrocardiogram of J points and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed.At the end of reperfusion, the myocardial infarct size was measured by using Evans blue and tetrazolium chloride (TTC) double staining, and pathological changes of myocardium were observed by HE staining.The changes of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were also detected.Results Compared with MI/RI group, GXNT and DST groups were significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and inhibited the rising of serum LDH and CK activities (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and also reduced the total or average value of J point during reperfusion (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).Meanwhile, GXNT and DST groups were markedly increased HRV and serum NO level as well as decreased serum MDA content (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and improved myocardial tissue pathology.Conclusions GXNT can reduce the myocardial infarction in rats with MI/RI, and also improve the cardiac autonomic nervous function.
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My research started in 1973 at Kagoshima University Hospital Kirishima Branch founded at 1937. The hospital was reorganized as the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Kirishima Rehabilitation Center in 1988.<BR> I established a new pharmacological method to measure integrated cardiovascular autonomic nervous functions, and essential hypertension was classified into two types, Type I with low sympathetic, low renin, Na-retention type and Type II with high sympathetic, high rennin, non-Na-retention type.<BR> By bathing at 41°C for 10 min, an increase in HR and CO and decrease in TPRi was shown. Using autonomic blockers, tachycardia was shown to be derived by vagal inhibition and vasodilation by a non-autonomicmechanism. Scarlet coloring of venous blood due to increased pO<sub>2</sub> and decreased pCO<sub>2</sub> highly suggested improved tissue oxygenation as the basic bathing effects.<BR> Tachycardia during exercise was derived firstly by increased sinus automaticity, and secondly vagal inhibition and sympathetic activation. Athletic bradycardia was induced firstly by decreased sinus automaticity, and secondly by vagal activation and sympathetic suppression.<BR> Hemodynamic studies of Ibusuki sandbath showed a remarkable increase in CO and decrease in TPRi, and an increase in RAP and PAP due to heavy sand. Increased venous pO<sub>2</sub> and decreased pCO<sub>2</sub> and lactate-pyruvate level indicate highly accelelated tissue oxygenation and clearance of wasted material by increased peripheral circulation.<BR> Although ICG clearance rate was reduced, increased acetoaminophen absorption indicated an increased intestinal blood flow. Increased RPF and unchanged GFR suggested suppressed intra-glomerular pressure from bathing. Urodynamic study after bathing, showed reduced intravesical pressure and increased bladder volume indicating the effects of bathing on pollakiuria in winter due to the relaxation of detrusor muscle.<BR> Against the usual concept that bathing is harmful for CHF, we showed bathing at 40°C for 10 min was a very useful tool as a new vasodilation therapy for CHF. Sauna bathing at 60°C for 15 min was more convenient and Dr. Tei named it Waon therapy. He achieved remarkable improvements in NYHA class symptoms and circulatory parameters in severe CHF, i.e., CO, EF, intra cardiac pressure and BNP. Waon therapy was also shown to be very useful in peripheral arterial disease, post-operative paretic ileus and fibromyalgia.
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My research started in 1973 at Kagoshima University Hospital Kirishima Branch founded at 1937. The hospital was reorganized as the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Kirishima Rehabilitation Center in 1988. I established a new pharmacological method to measure integrated cardiovascular autonomic nervous functions, and essential hypertension was classified into two types, Type I with low sympathetic, low renin, Na-retention type and Type II with high sympathetic, high rennin, non-Na-retention type. By bathing at 41°C for 10 min, an increase in HR and CO and decrease in TPRi was shown. Using autonomic blockers, tachycardia was shown to be derived by vagal inhibition and vasodilation by a non-autonomic mechanism. Scarlet coloring of venous blood due to increased pO2 and decreased pCO2 highly suggested improved tissue oxygenation as the basic bathing effects. Tachycardia during exercise was derived firstly by increased sinus automaticity, and secondly vagal inhibition and sympathetic activation. Athletic bradycardia was induced firstly by decreased sinus automaticity, and secondly by vagal activation and sympathetic suppression. Hemodynamic studies of Ibusuki sandbath showed a remarkable increase in CO and decrease in TPRi, and an increase in RAP and PAP due to heavy sand. Increased venous pO2 and decreased pCO2 and lactate-pyruvate level indicate highly accelelated tissue oxygenation and clearance of wasted material by increased peripheral circulation. Although ICG clearance rate was reduced, increased acetoaminophen absorption indicated an increased intestinal blood flow. Increased RPF and unchanged GFR suggested suppressed intra-glomerular pressure from bathing. Urodynamic study after bathing, showed reduced intravesical pressure and increased bladder volume indicating the effects of bathing on pollakiuria in winter due to the relaxation of detrusor muscle. Against the usual concept that bathing is harmful for CHF, we showed bathing at 40°C for 10 min was a very useful tool as a new vasodilation therapy for CHF. Sauna bathing at 60°C for 15 min was more convenient and Dr. Tei named it Waon therapy. He achieved remarkable improvements in NYHA class symptoms and circulatory parameters in severe CHF, i.e., CO, EF, intra cardiac pressure and BNP. Waon therapy was also shown to be very useful in peripheral arterial disease, post-operative paretic ileus and fibromyalgia.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the heart and sympathetic neural remodeling ( structure and function remodeling) in heart failure rats induced by myocardial infarction.METHODS:Heart failure model after myocardial infarction was performed by ligating anterior descending coronary artery in the Wistar rats. Four weeks after operation, the rats were randomly divided into sham operation sedentary ( S) group, heart failure sedenta-ry ( H) group and heart failure exercise ( HE) group.The animals in HE group underwent 10-week treadmill running, while those in S group and H group were sustained in a resting state.The cardiac structure and function including left ven-tricular internal diameter at diastole ( LVIDd) , left ventricular internal diameter at systole ( LVIDs) , left ventricular anteri- or wall diameter at diastole (LVAWDd), left ventricular anterior wall diameter at systole (LVAWDs), left ventricular pos-terior wall diameter at diastole ( LVPWDd) and left ventricular posterior wall diameter at systole ( LVPWDs) , and cardiac function parameters including fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography.The myocardium was collected for histopathological observation with Masson staining, and the collagen volume fraction ( CVF) was determined.The concentrations of norepinephrine ( NE) in the myocardium and plasma were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography.The frequency domain analysis was applied for determining the heart rate variability (HRV) via subcutaneous recording electrode involving total power (TP), normalized low power (LFn), nor-malized high power ( HFn) and LF/HF ratio.The mRNA expression of collagen type I ( Col-I) , collagen type III ( Col-III) , atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF) ,α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) ,β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) , sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) was detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (TrkA), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured by Western blotting.RESULTS:(1) Compared with S group, body weight ( BW) , LVIDd, FS, LVEF, TP, HFn, the mRNA expression ofα-MHC and SER-CA2a, and the protein levels of NGF, TrkA and TH decreased (P<0.05).Left ventricular weight (LVW), left ventricu-lar mass index (LVMI), LVAWDd, LVAWDs, LVPWDd, LVPWDs, CVF, plasma and myocardial NE content, LFn, LF/HF, and the mRNA expression of ANF,β-MHC, Col-I and Col-III increased ( P<0.05) in H group.(2) Compared with H group, LVW, LVMI, LVIDd, FS, LVEF, TP, HFn, the mRNA expression ofα-MHC and SERCA2a, and the pro-tein levels of NGF, TrkA and TH were raised (P<0.05), while CVF, plasma and myocardial NE content, LFn, LF/HF, and the mRNA expression of ANF, β-MHC, Col-I and Col-III decreased ( P<0.05 ) in HE group.CONCLUSION:Long-term aerobic exercise training leads to inhibition of heart and sympathetic neural remodeling and improvement of cardi-ac function and autonomic modulation in the rats after myocardial infarction.
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Objective To investigate the changes of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) level in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI),and the relationship between serum hs-CRP level and ACI severity as well as subtypes according to Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification(CISS)criteria. Methods The serum hs-CRP level in 256 patients with ACI and 196 normal controls were measured. The degree of nervous function defect in patients with ACI was assessed by the United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) score. All patients were classified into five major ischemic stroke subtypes based on CISS criteria. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of ACI. Results The serum hs-CRP level in patients with ACI and control group were(4. 69 ± 2. 58)mmol/ L and(2. 13 ± 1. 79)mmol/ L,and the difference between groups was significant(t = 12. 439,P = 0. 000). The hs-CRP in patients with severity ACI (147 cases)were(5. 89 ± 4. 15)mmol/ L,significantly higher than that in patients with mild ACI,and the difference between groups was significant((2. 11 ± 1. 45)mmol/ L,t = 10. 230,P = 0. 000)). As for subtype ACI,the case of the large artery atherosclerosis subtypes was 106( 41. 57% ),highest than any other subtypes. The hs-CRP level of large artery atherosclerosis was(7. 01 ± 3. 12)mmol/ L,higher than that of control group( P = 0. 000). The logistic regression analysis showed that many factors were related to ACI including total cholesterol,homocysteine and high sensitive C-reactive protein( OR = 0. 324,0. 749,0. 809;P< 0. 05). Conclusion The serum hs-CRP level in patients with ACI increase significantly,and relate to the degree of neural function defect. The level of hs-CRP of large artery atherosclerotic stroke is the highest. The change of serum hs-CRP is very valuable to estimate the severity of ACI.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine Injection (DGMI) in the treatment of recovered stroke with syndrome of stagnant phlegm blocking collaterals, especially the clinical efficacy in improving the function of language and movements. Methods: The clinical trial was carried out by the methods of stratification and r andomization (416 cases of patients with atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction (ATCI) were r andomly divided into experimental and control groups by the ratio of 3:1), blindness, and positive parallel control of Shuxuening Injection (SI), and multi-center clinical study. DGMI (25 mg, 5 mL/amp) or SI (5 mL/amp) was diluted into 250 mL physiological saline, iv drip, once daily for 14 d. The dropping speed must be controlled as 10-15 drops/min for the first infusion. Results: There was statistical difference (P=0.000 1) for the variations of inducing rate of the defect extent of nervous functions before and after the treatment in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was superior to the control group. There was no statistical difference for the variation of scales of the patient living ability in the two groups (P>0.05). For the comprehensive efficacy of cerebral infarction, the total effective rates were 85.39% and 73.27% in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with statistical difference (P=0.0001). For the efficacy of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the total effective rates were 62.99% and 40.59% in the experimental and control groups, respectively, with the statistical difference (P=0.0001). For the single indicator of nervous functions, such as arm movements, h and movements, extremity movements, walking, as well as the syndromes of TCM, such as upper limb disable, lower limb disable, deviated tongue, aphasia, abate or deficiency of feeling, dizziness, more and turbid phlegm, abnormal tongue and pulse manifestation, the experimental group was superior to the control group with statistified difference. Conclusion: It is safe and effective for DGMI in the treatment of the syndrome of stagnant phlegm blocking collaterals in convalescence of ATCI. Meanwhile, it is also manifested that DGMI has the certain superiorities in the fields, such as improving the total score of nervous function deficiency for the patients with stroke, the nervous function, the total score of TCM syndromes, including upper limb disable, deviated tongue, dizziness, more and turbid phlegm, white coat of tongue, abnormal pulse, etc.
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OBJECTIVE: Although specific temperaments have been known to be related to autonomic nervous function in some psychiatric disorders, there are few studies that have examined the relationship between temperaments and autonomic nervous function in a normal population. In this study, we examined the effect of temperament on the sympathetic nervous function in a normal population. METHODS: Sixty eight healthy subjects participated in the present study. Temperament was assessed using the Korean version of the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Autonomic nervous function was determined by measuring skin temperature in a resting state, which was recorded for 5 minutes from the palmar surface of the left 5th digit using a thermistor secured with a Velcro(R) band. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationship between temperament and skin temperature. RESULTS: A higher harm avoidance score was correlated with a lower skin temperature (i.e. an increased sympathetic tone; r=-0.343, p=0.004) whereas a higher persistence score was correlated with a higher skin temperature (r=0.433, p=0.001). Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that harm avoidance was able to predict the variance of skin temperature independently, with a variance of 7.1% after controlling for sex, blood pressure and state anxiety and persistence was the factor predicting the variance of skin temperature with a variance of 5.0%. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high harm avoidance is related to an increased sympathetic nervous function whereas high persistence is related to decreased sympathetic nervous function in a normal population.
Sujet(s)
Anxiété , Pression sanguine , Clonage d'organisme , Modèles linéaires , Peau , Température cutanée , TempéramentRÉSUMÉ
ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between neuronal function score and pathological changes of fluid percussion brain injury in rats and to explore their clinical significances.MethodsThe fluid percussion models of brain injury in rats were established by using the improved device with three kinds impact pressure such as 0.1 MPa,0.2 MPa,0.3 MPa,and vital signs and mortality rate were observed.Behavior changes,brain water content,histological changes were observed by Shapira and Wahld method,dry-wet measure,light microscopy at 1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d and 7 d after operation respectively.ResultsThe animals accepted impact pressure of 0.1 MPa showed temporary hypopnea with mortality rate of 2.08％,those of 0.2 MPa suffered apnoea of ( 10.88 ±2.69 ) s with mortality rate of 4.17％ and those of 0.3 MPa suffered apnoea of ( 20.60 ± 3.02 ) s with mortality rate of 16.67％.As the impact pressure increased,nervous function score minimumly decreased to (7.17 ±0.75) of 0.1 MPa group,(4.83 ± 0.75 ) of 0.2 MPa group and (2.67 ± 0.52) of 0.3 MPa group respectively,and recovered more slowly.Brain water content maximumly reached to (81.12 ± 0.03 )％,(82.74 ± 1.11 )％ and (83.89± 0.04) ％ at time point of 24 h respectively.The brain injury was involved in the outer layer of cerebral cortex,hippocampal formation and brain stem respectively and histological observation verified above findings.Conclusion Light,moderate and heavy fluid percussion brain injury in rats have more and more low nervous function scores,which have positive relationship with more and more serious pathological changes.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to identify the benefits of yoga in improving fitness and psycho-physiologic functions in females over 65 years, and to explain the mechanism of yoga's mind-body effect. METHOD: Participants were recruited from a senior welfare center in C city and randomly assigned to either the yoga group or the control group. The yoga group attended classes 3 days per week for 12 weeks while the control group continued with their regular daily activities. Senior fitness tests were performed, heart rate variability measured, and depression and quality of life (QOL) scores were obtained through a questionnaire before and after the 12 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, health-related physical fitness, except cardiorespiratory endurance, improved significantly in the yoga group. Likewise, parasympathetic nervous tone (high frequency power [HF]/low frequency power+HF) increased in this group, possibly due to meditation and yogic breathing. Depression and QOL scores significantly decreased and increased, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga can be considered beneficial, improving health-related fitness, autonomic functions, and psychosocial health. Carefully planned yoga classes are an appropriate form of exercise for the elderly.