Efeito Kuleshov: a influência do contexto emocional no processamento de faces / Kuleshov Effect: the influence of emotional context on face processing / Efecto Kuleshov: la influencia del contexto emocional en el procesamiento facial

Em 1920, Lev Vladimirovitch Kuleshov relatou que o contexto emocional quando justaposto à face neutra poderia afetar a percepção da face, tornando-a emocional. Na área do cinema este fenômeno foi denominado de efeito Kuleshov. A existência do efeito tem sido cientificamente questionada, e desde então, neurocientistas tentam validar o efeito Kuleshov. Neste artigo iremos sumarizar os diferentes modelos experimentais que têm sido utilizados na investigação do efeito Kuleshov e os resultados encontrados até o momento por meio do método científico; mais precisamente em pesquisas experimentais e da neurociência. Os resultados desses estudos mostram indícios do efeito Kuleshov a nível comportamental e de processamento neuronal, entretanto, nenhum estudo conseguiu comprová-lo.

In 1920, Lev Vladimirovitch Kuleshov reported that the emotional context juxtaposed with the neutral face could affect the face perception making it reported as emotional. In the cinema area, this phenomenon was denominate of Kuleshov effect. The existence of the effect is scientifically questionable, and neuroscientists are engaged in validating the Kuleshov effect. In this article we will summarize the different experimental models that have been used in the investigation of the Kuleshov effect and the results found so far through the scientific method; more precisely in experimental and neuroscience research.The results of these studies show some evidence, however, there is no complete proof of the Kuleshov effect.

En 1920, Lev Vladimirovitch Kuleshov demostró que el contexto emocional, cuando se yuxtaponía con un rostro neutro, afectaba la percepción del rostro, haciéndolo emocional. En el área del cine, este fenómeno se denominaba efecto Kuleshov. La existencia del efecto es científicamente cuestionable, y los neurocientíficos se dedican a validar el efecto Kuleshov. En este artículo resumiremos los diferentes modelos experimentales que se han utilizado en la investigación del efecto Kuleshov y los resultados encontrados hasta ahora a través del método científico; más precisamente en investigación experimental y neurociencia. Los resultados de estos estudios mostran alguna evidencia, sin embargo, no hay una prueba completa del efecto Kuleshov.

The establishment of positive and negative evaluative conditioning reflex of neutral facial expression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the effect of positive and negative evaluative conditioning (EC) on neutral faces.Methods The experiment consisted of three phases:baseline phase,conditioning phase,and re-evaluative phase,in which 41 college students participated,watching sequences of neutral faces (CS) pairing to either a positive stimulus (USpos) or a negative stimulus (USneg).Their emotional experiences (valence and arousal) and physiological reactivity (eyeblink startle reflex and skin conductance) were recor ded.Results (1) In the re-evaluative phase,CSpos was rated significantly more positive than CSneg and CSneut,while CSneg was rated significantly more negative than CSneut (CSpos (5.05± 1.24),CSneg (3.73± 1.48),CSneut (4.46± 1.04),P＜0.05).(2)In the re-evaluative phase,the mean startle eyeblink response magnitude(T score) to CSpos was significantly smaller than the responses elicited by CSneg and CSneut (CSpos (45.04±5.56),CSneg (51.44±9.30),CSneut (54.52± 10.60),P＜0.01).Conclusion The findings suggest that neutral faces can acquire valences and approach motivation through EC.