Prevalencia de Caries y Nivel de Higiene Oral en Niños de 6 años Atendidos Bajo la Norma GES y el Modelo JUNAEB / Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Level in Children Aged 6 Years Attended Under GES and JUNAEB Models

El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de caries e índice de higiene oral en escolares de la comuna de Temuco, y comparar las diferencias del impacto entre dos modelos de atención de salud oral vigentes, bajo norma GES y JUNAEB entre los años 2007­2008. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional en un consultorio del Servicio de Salud, bajo norma GES y un módulo dental JUNAEB. Se seleccionaron mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia 113 escolares de 6 años. Mediante examen de diagnóstico oral se consignó el índice COP-D, ceo-d e IHO-S al inicio del tratamiento y al control posterior del alta integral. Para los cálculos y estimaciones estadísticas se utilizó el programa Stata 9.0. El total de los estudiantes presentó una alta prevalencia de caries (COP-D 0,88 y ceo-d 3,86) e higiene oral deficiente (IHO-S 1,45). Al comparar el impacto, el modelo JUNAEB mostró mayor disminución de nuevas caries y mejores niveles de higiene oral (-0,70, p=0,0000). Considerando la alta prevalencia de caries, bajo IHO y la necesidad de controles periódicos, la aplicación del modelo JUNAEB generó menor recurrencia de lesiones cariosas y mejor IHO, gracias a su enfoque preventivo, curativo y educativo.

The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of caries and oral hygiene index among schoolchildren in Temuco, and compare the impact differences between two models of oral health care existing, under standard GES and JUNAEB model between the years 2007-2008. A descriptive observational study in an consulting health service, under standard GES and dental JUNAEB module. We selected by non-probability sampling 113 schoolchildren aged 6 years. The COP-D, ceo-d e OHI-S indexes were recorded at oral examination at the initiation of treatment and aftercare in the final integral treatment. Calculations and statistical estimates used Stata 9.0. The total number of students showed a high prevalence of caries (COP-D ceo-d 0.88 and 3.86) and poor oral hygiene (OHI-S 1.45). When comparing the impact, the JUNAEB model showed greater reduction of new dental caries and better oral hygiene levels (-0.70, p=0.0000). In conclusion, considering the high prevalence of dental caries, poor OHI and the need for periodic controls, application of the JUNAEB model generated a lower recurrence of dental caries and better OHI using a preventive, healing and educational approach.

Caracterización de la condición periodontal de pacientes adultos con obesidad / Characterization of the periodontal condition in obese adults

La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que puede evolucionar hasta la pérdida dentaria. En la presente investigación se caracterizó la condición periodontal de 30 adultos con obesidad, atendidos en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Nutrición (INVESNUT) de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo y de un grupo control conformado por 15 adultos normo-peso. Los adultos fueron evaluados clínica y odontológicamente, mediante antropometría (Talla, Peso, IMC, circunferencia abdominal) y los índices: índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS), índice de gingivitis (IG), índice de sangramiento gingival (IGB "gingival bleeding index"). El grupo de estudio mostró diferencias significativas para IG, IGB IHOS con respecto al control, el análisis de correlación de Pearson para las variables IMC, circunferencia abdominal y las variables sobre la condición periodontal (IG, IGB) mostraron asociación positiva y significativa, aunque se no se observó correlación para las variables IMC y circunferencia abdominal con IHOS. Se concluye que los pacientes obesos presentan una peor condición periodontal y que su higiene oral no corresponde con el estado inflamatorio del periodonto...

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that may progress to tooth loss. The objective of this research was to characterize the periodontal condition of 30 obese adults treated at the Nutrition Research Institute (INVESNUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Carabobo and of a control group of 15 normal-weight adults. All participants were assessed clinically and dentally by anthropometry (Height, weight, BMI, abdominal circumference) and indexes: simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingivitis index (GI) gingival bleeding index (GBI). The study group showed significant differences for GI, GBI, OHI-S relative to the control, and a significant positive association (Pearson correlation analysis) for BMI, abdominal circumference, GI and GBI, showed, although no correlation was observed to the variables BMI, abdominal circumference with OHI-S. It is concluded that obese patients have a worse periodontal condition, but oral hygiene does not correspond to the inflammatory state of the periodontium...

Evaluation of oral health status, salivary characteristics and dental caries experience in down’s syndrome children.

Background and Objectives : A positive correlation between Salivary characteristics and caries resistance in adults has been reported in literature. Such a correlation is also observed in Down’s syndrome population but lacks sufficient data support. AIM: The present study was conducted to Evaluate and correlate the Oral Health Status, S mutans level, Salivary Flow Rate, salivary pH, Buffering capacity, Calcium level, phosphorus level, IgA level of saliva, and Dental caries experience in Normal healthy children and Downs syndrome children. Methodology: The study population consisted of 60 subjects aged 8-14 years who were divided into two groups: 60 children (30 normal and 30 Down’s syndrome children). Clinical examination was done and the study population was examined for the assessment of dental caries status (WHO 2004) and oral hygiene status (OHI -S Index). Unstimulated total saliva samples were collected. Results & Conclusion: In DS subjects, oral hygiene status and dental caries were insignificant whereas other parameters were highly significant prevalence of dental caries was high and oral hygiene status was not properly maintained when compared to the normal subjects.

Determinación de los índices CPO-D e IHOS en estudiantes de la Universidad Veracruzana, México / Determing OHI-S and DMFT in students at Universidad Veracruzana, México

Introducción: El conocimiento de la salud bucal de la población constituye una tarea fundamental desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, ya que las enfermedades bucales - tales como la caries y las periodontopatías- son los padecimientos con mayor incidencia y prevalencia alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el índice de dientes, cariados, perdidos, obturados (CPOD), determinar el índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHOS), de los jóvenes universitarios de nuevo ingreso en el estado de Veracruz, provincia de México. Material y método: se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, observacional, mediante la aplicación del examen de salud integral el cual constó de dos partes; un interrogatorio y una exploración clínica Resultados: El índice CPOD fue de 13.1. La prevalencia de caries fue de 80.9, perdidos 37.9 y de obturados 47.0. El índice de higiene oral simplificada que se obtuvo fue: el 81.5 por ciento bueno, el 17.4 por ciento regular y el 1.02 por ciento malo. Los alumnos que ingresaron tuvieron un índice CPO muy alto según los estándares de la OMS. Discusión: Los hallazgos en la determinación del índice CPO-D que se registró en este estudio determinan un serio problema de salud pública, Esta situación no sólo es particular en nuestro país, sino que se da la misma tendencia en otros lugares, aspectos que determinan intervenciones necesarias en el ámbito de la salud pública para una mejor calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios.

Introduction: Knowledge of the dental health of the population constitutes a fundamental task of public health, since oral diseases- such as cavities and periodontal disease- are the health conditions with highest incidence and prevalence around the world. The objective of this study was to determine the index of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) and the simplified oral health index (OHI-S) of first year university students in the state of Veracruz, province of Mexico. 27Material y method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out, applying a comprehensive health ex am which consisted of two parts: a questionnaire and a clinical exam. Results: The DMFT index was 13.1. The prevalence of cavities was 80.9, missing teeth was 37.9 y filled teeth was 47.0. The OHI-S was the following: 81.5 percent good, 17.4 percent regular and 1.02 percent bad. Students had a very high OHI-S according to WHO standards. Discussion: The findings for the DMFT index constitute a serious public health problem. This situation is not found only in our country. Findings should guide the necessary interventions in order to improve quality of live for university students.

Pre-school child oral health in a rural Chilean community / Salud bucal en niños pre-escolares de una zona rural Chilena

Caries and gingivitis are the most prevalent diseases in Chile. The aim of this study is to determine the damage of oral health in children ages 4 and 5 years, in Peralillo, Chile, prior to the start of oral health program promoted by JUNAEB (Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas) in the commune. The sample consisted of 130 children, admitted to the student dental clinic between November 2010 and February 2011. Oral exam seeks to know presence of dental caries and number of teeth affected, using dmft index (decayed, missing and filled primary teeth), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and presence or absence of gingivitis. 49.2 percent of children had caries, with an dmft index 2.4 (S.D. +/- 3.5). The OHI-S of the entire sample was 1.4 (S.D. +/- 0.4). Gingivitis was reported in 9.2 percent of cases. The results of this investigation shows that following dental intervention, the goals set by FDI (FDI World Dental Federation) and WHO (World Health Organization) were obtained. Efforts are required in promotion and education in oral health, as well an increase in resources to attend these patients to decrease impact of oral diseases in the future.

La caries y gingivitis son las enfermedades más prevalentes en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el compromiso de salud bucal en niños de 4 y 5 años, en Peralillo, Chile; antes del inicio del programa de salud bucal impulsado por JUNAEB (Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas) en esta comuna. La muestra consistió en 130 niños, ingresados en la clínica dental del estudiante entre Noviembre de 2010 y Febrero de 2011. Se realizó un examen oral para conocer el número de dientes afectados por caries, usando el índice ceod (dientes temporales con caries, perdidos y restaurados), índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) y la presencia o ausencia de gingivitis. El 49,2 por ciento de los niños presentó caries, con un índice ceo de 2,4 (D.E. +/- 3,5). El IHO-S para la muestra completa fue 1,4 (D.E. +/- 0,4). La gingivitis se reportó en el 9,2 por ciento de los casos. Los resultados muestran que antes de la intervención odontológica, se alcanzan las metas fijadas por la FDI (Federación Dental Internacional) y OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud). Se requieren esfuerzos en educación y promoción de la salud bucal, así como aumentar recursos para atender estos pacientes con el fin de disminuir el impacto de las enfermedades orales en el futuro.

The relationship of salivary immunoglobulin-A with dental caries and oral hygiene status in Down’s syndrome children.

A positive correlation between salivary IgA antibody levels to Streptococcus mutans and caries resistance in adults has been reported in literature. Such a correlation is also observed in Down’s syndrome population but lacks sufficient data support. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship of salivary IgA with dental caries and oral hygiene status in Down’s syndrome (DS) children compared to control group of normal subjects (NS) of school children of Chidambaram. The study population consisted of 80 subjects aged 8-14 years who were divided into four groups: Group 1 – DS subjects with DMFS= 0, Group 2 - NS with DMFS=0, Group 3 - DS subjects with DMFS= 3 and above and Group 4- NS with DMFS= 3 and above.Clinical examination was done and the study population was examined for the assessment of dental caries status (WHO 1987) and oral hygiene status (OHI -S Index). Unstimulated total saliva samples were collected and s-IgA concentration was evaluated by ELISA. Scheffe test (Intergroup comparison) and Pearson test (correlation analysis) were used to analyze the data. In DS subjects, a negative correlation of s-IgA with DMFS and OHI-S scores was found; the s-IgA levels were significantly higher, prevalence of dental caries was very low and oral hygiene status was not properly maintained when compared to the normal subjects. In the control group, a positive correlation of s-IgA with DMFS and OHI-S scores was found.