El control de las enfermedades no transmisibles en la sostenibilidad de la salud / The control of the non-communicable illnesses in the sustainability of the health

Introducción: Las enfermedades no transmisibles, uno de los mayores desafíos para el desarrollo del siglo XXI en el mundo, son consideradas la principal amenaza para la salud humana y un problema de desarrollo y derechos humanos. En Cuba, ocupan 9 de las primeras 10 causas de muerte. Se realizó una búsqueda sobre el tema entre los años 2000 y 2022. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed, SciELO y otras revistas de acceso abierto. De 93 documentos revisados se seleccionaron 43 referencias. Objetivos: Revisar los fundamentos teóricos de la evolución y los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades no trasmisibles, reseñar estrategias de organizaciones internacionales, Cuba, cuerpos armados y destacar los desafíos más importantes para su prevención y control. Desarrollo: Las enfermedades no trasmisibles por su elevada morbimortalidad son la principal amenaza para la salud humana, tienen una etiología compleja, multifactorial, largos periodos evolutivos y demandan cuidados a largo plazo. Las organizaciones de salud demandan una respuesta efectiva e innovadora para la prevención y control de dichas enfermedades. Conclusiones: En correspondencia con la importancia de su prevención y control en la sostenibilidad de la salud, se realizan intervenciones de impacto en el mundo, Cuba y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias; en respuesta a lo aprobado en la 75° Asamblea Mundial de la Salud(AU)

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases, one of the greatest challenges for the development of the 21st century in the world, are considered the main threat to human health and a problem of development and human rights. In Cuba, they occupy 9 of the first 10 causes of death. A search on the topic was carried out between the years 2000 and 2022. The databases Medline, Pubmed, SciELO and other open access journals were consulted. Of 93 documents reviewed, 43 references were selected. Objectives: Review the theoretical foundations of the evolution and risk factors of non-communicable diseases, review strategies of international organizations, Cuba, armed forces and highlight the most important challenges for their prevention and control. Development: Non-communicable diseases, due to their high morbidity and mortality, are the main threat to human health, they have a complex, multifactorial etiology, long evolutionary periods and demand long-term care. Health organizations demand an effective and innovative response for the prevention and control of these diseases. Conclusions: In correspondence with the importance of its prevention and control in the sustainability of health, impact interventions are carried out in the world, Cuba and the Revolutionary Armed Forces; in response to what was approved at the 75th World Health Assembly(AU)

Review and Prospect of China’s Medical and Health Policy Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China: Analysis based on Policy Tools / 中国医学伦理学

Policy tools are ways to quantitative analysis of policy text content and the construction of a "Policy Tools-Policy Objectives (X-Y Dimension)" framework to explore long-term stability and late-stage innovation of policy development. This paper reviewed the development process of medical and health policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and divided 1949-2021 into four stages of reform breeding, institutional transformation, reform improvement and continuous deepening. Screening 121 medical and health policy texts issued at the national level since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, quantitatively analyzing 5 957 policy text cells from the perspective of policy tools, counting the use of policy tools in various periods, and excavating the inherent logic of policy texts, policy tools and policy objectives to derive development characteristics of internal logic deduction. The development of China’s medical and health policy in the new period will serve the people’s health in the first place, adhere to the development direction of equalization of basic public service, strengthen the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation and talent training, build a health and healthy development system with Chinese characteristics.

Success of sports organizations and correlation with efficiency and leadership style / éxito de las organizaciones deportivas y correlación con eficiencia y estilo de liderazgo / Sucesso de organizações esportivas e correlação com eficiência e estilo de liderança

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this research is to determine how managers evaluate the success of sports organizations. Methods: A system of a total of 119 variables (9 variables of the structure of sports organizations, 7 variables of the management structure of sports organizations, 3 variables of the performance of sports organizations, 45 variables of leadership styles and 55 variables of organizational effectiveness) was applied to a sample of 175 respondents aged 19-66. In the research, we used multiple regression analysis. Results: It was found that there is a statistically significant influence of the management of sports organizations on predicting the success of sports organizations, while organizational effectiveness and leadership styles do not have a significant impact. Conclusion: The success of sports organizations can be predicted based on the characteristics of the management of sports organizations. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Examination of Results.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar cómo los directivos evalúan el éxito de las organizaciones deportivas. Métodos: Sistema de un total de 119 variables (9 variables de estructura de organizaciones deportivas, 7 variables de estructura de gestión de organizaciones deportivas, 3 variables de desempeño de organizaciones deportivas, 45 variables de estilos de liderazgo y 55 variables de eficacia organizacional) se aplicó a una muestra de 175 encuestados de entre 19 y 66 años. En la investigación, utilizamos análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una influencia estadísticamente significativa de la gestión de las organizaciones deportivas en la predicción del éxito de las organizaciones deportivas, mientras que la eficacia organizacional y los estilos de liderazgo no tienen una influencia significativa. Conclusiõn: El éxito de las organizaciones deportivas se puede predecir en base a las características de la gestión de las Organizaciones deportivas. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios Terapéuticos - Examen de los Resultados.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar como os gerentes avaliam o sucesso das organizações esportivas. Métodos: Um sistema com um total de 119 variáveis (9 variáveis da estrutura das organizações desportivas, 7 variáveis da estrutura de gestão das organizações desportivas, 3 variáveis do desempenho das organizações desportivas, 45 variáveis dos estilos de liderança e 55 variáveis da eficácia organizacional) foi aplicado a uma amostra de 175 entrevistados com idades entre 19 e 66 anos. Na pesquisa, utilizamos a análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se que existe uma influência estatisticamente significativa da gestão das organizações desportivas na previsão do sucesso das organizações desportivas, enquanto a eficácia organizacional e os estilos de liderança não têm influência significativa. Conclusão: O sucesso das organizações esportivas pode ser previsto com base nas características da gestão das organizações esportivas. Nível de Evidencia II; Estudios Terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados.

El objetivo en las clases de Educación Física y sesiones de entrenamiento deportivo

Al valorar los resultados de varios cursos escolares (2015-2019) en la esfera del Deporte y la Educación Física, se identificaron dificultades relacionadas con el desarrollo de las clases, asociadas a la falta de preparación de los docentes para seleccionar, formular y controlar los objetivos, lo que fue asumido por la Comisión Municipal de Educación Física de la Dirección de Deportes como un problema a resolver; a partir de este presupuesto, se asumió la tarea de investigar las causas que determinan tal problemática. Se identificó, mediante la aplicación de la observación, el análisis documental, la encuesta y la entrevista, que existen carencias en la preparación de los profesores y entrenadores que les impiden asumir este elemento técnico y que limitan el logro de la calidad de las actividades impartidas. Es por ello que el objetivo del presente artículo es proponer orientaciones metodológicas para perfeccionar la selección, formulación y control de los objetivos en las clases de Educación Física y sesiones de entrenamiento deportivo. Los resultados alcanzados demostraron que es posible lograr la preparación de los profesores y entrenadores deportivos en función del objetivo propuesto y de esa forma elevar la calidad y los resultados del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, lo que resulta esencial para el cumplimiento del encargo social asignado en este campo a las Direcciones Municipales de Educación y Deportes.

Ao avaliar os resultados de vários anos letivos (2015-2019) no campo do Esporte e da Educação Física, foram identificadas dificuldades relacionadas ao desenvolvimento das aulas, associadas à falta de preparação dos professores para selecionar, formular e controlar os objetivos, o que foi assumido pela Comissão Municipal de Educação Física da Diretoria de Esportes como um problema a ser resolvido; a partir desse orçamento, assumiu-se a tarefa de investigar as causas que determinam tal problema. Identificou-se, mediante a aplicação de observação, análise documental, pesquisa e entrevista, que existem deficiências na preparação de professores e treinadores que os impedem de assumir esse elemento técnico e limitam a obtenção da qualidade das atividades ministradas. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste artigo é propor diretrizes metodológicas para melhorar a seleção, a formulação e o controle dos objetivos nas aulas de Educação Física e nas sessões de treinamento esportivo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível preparar professores e treinadores esportivos de acordo com o objetivo proposto e, assim, elevar a qualidade e os resultados da aprendizagem dos alunos, o que é essencial para o cumprimento da tarefa social atribuída nesse campo às Diretorias Municipais de Educação e Esportes.

When assessing the results of several school years (2015-2019) in the field of Sport and Physical Education, difficulties related to the development of the classes were identified, associated with the lack of preparation of teachers to select, formulate and control the objectives, which was assumed by the Municipal Physical Education Commission of the Sports Directorate as a problem to be solved; based on this budget, the task of investigating the causes that determine such problems was assumed. It was identified, through the application of observation, documentary analysis, survey and interview, that there are deficiencies in the preparation of teachers and coaches that prevent them from assuming this technical element and that limit the achievement of the quality of the activities taught. That is why the objective of this article is to propose methodological guidelines to improve the selection, formulation and control of objectives in Physical Education classes and sports training sessions. The results achieved demonstrated that it is possible to achieve the preparation of teachers and sports coaches based on the proposed objective and thus raise the quality and results of student learning, which is essential for the fulfillment of the social role assigned in this field to the Municipal Directorates of Education and Sports.

Principales dificultades de los proyectos de investigación de la especialidad Medicina General Integral / Main Difficulties of Research Projects of the General Comprehensive Medicine Specialty

Introducción: El residente de Medicina General Integral, una vez graduado, ejecutará investigaciones en correspondencia con las necesidades actuales del Sistema Nacional de Salud y a partir de los problemas de salud predominantes en su comunidad. Objetivo: Describir las principales dificultades en los proyectos de investigación de los residentes de la Especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande en el período 2020-2021. La población objeto de análisis quedó constituida por un total de 69 proyectos de investigación provenientes de 5 policlínicos docentes de 3 municipios del territorio (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines y Sagua la Grande). Se revisó el proyecto de investigación, se confeccionó un modelo para la recogida de datos extraídos de los mismos y se elaboró una base de datos para su almacenamiento. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron dadas en no sustentar adecuadamente la investigación, en la redacción del problema científico, específicamente la relación entre el problema y el tipo de investigación, la conceptualización y/o operacionalización de las variables, la selección y elaboración de los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para la recogida de la información y la acotación de la bibliografía por normas de Vancouver. Conclusiones: Resulta de vital importancia que los residentes de esta especialidad desarrollen habilidades investigativas desde el primer año de formación, lo que contribuirá a un mejor desempeño profesional a partir de la aplicación del método científico en la solución de los problemas de salud que se presenten en su quehacer diario(AU)

Introduction: The family medicine resident, once graduated, will do research in correspondence with the current needs of the national health system and considering the predominant health problems in her/his community. Objective: To describe the main difficulties in the research projects of residents in the General Comprehensive Medicine specialty. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in the medical school of Sagua la Grande Municipality, in the period 2020-2021. The population under analysis consisted of a total of 69 research projects from five teaching polyclinics in three municipalities of the territory (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines and Sagua la Grande). Each research project was reviewed, a model was prepared for collecting the data extracted from them, and a database was elaborated for their storage. Results: The main difficulties were not supporting the research adequately, as well as in writing the scientific problem, specifically the relation between the problem and the type of research; also, the conceptualization or operationalization of variables, the selection and elaboration of methods, the techniques and instruments for the collection of information, and the bibliographical adjustment by the Vancouver norms. Conclusions: It is of vital importance that residents of this specialty develop research skills from the first year of training, which will contribute to better professional performance from the application of the scientific method in the solution of health problems that appear in their daily work(AU)

Improving the Efficiency of Emergency and Critical Care Platform Based on OKR Mode / 中国医院管理

The shortage of emergency and critical care resources has become increasingly prominent,seriously reducing the quality and safety of care.How to improve the efficiency of the emergency and critical care platform is an urgent problem to be solved.Since 2020,the emergency department of Peking University Third Hospital has achieved an increase of 10%-20%in the annual visits of emergency and critically ill patients,the reduction of the emergency department length of stay and the improvement of survival rate using Objectives and Key Results(OKR)as an advanced management tool.It provides a new paradigm for improving efficiency of emergency department in large general hospitals.

Application and Innovation of Daoyi Thought in Medical Ancient Texts Course / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the application and value of Confucius'"Daoyi"(Tao-skill)educational thought in Medical Ancient Texts course.[Methods]This paper uses the research method of philology,studies the ancient and modern related books of"Daoyi"thought combines the experience of teaching reform of Medical Ancient Texts course,puts forward a new classification of teaching objectives,applied in Medical Ancient Texts course,and summarizes the application value.[Results]"Daoyi"thought materializes into four-level teaching objectives:"Yi,Ren,De and Dao"(skill,kind,morality and Tao).In Medical Ancient Texts course,the Yi objective is to master the reading skills starting from Chinese characters;the Ren objective is to cultivate social personality of loving people;the De objective is to cultivate the inner personality of morality and self-cultivation;and the Dao objective is to establish the thinking of exploring medical path.Using traditional learning methods can help to improve the reading ability of ancient books and establish traditional Chinese medicine philosophical thinking.[Conclusion]"Daoyi"thought combines skills,ideology and high-level teaching objectives,establishes philosophical thinking of seeking Dao.So it is worth further application and research.

Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅳ) / 实验动物与比较医学

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge.Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). The fourth part of the article includes the items 1-5 of ARRIVE 2.0 Recommended 11 section, which covers "Abstract" "Background" "Objectives" "Ethical statement" and "Housing and husbandry". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China.

Practice and reflection on the mixed teaching model of Medical Microbiology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper has summarized the practical results of the mixed teaching model of Medical Microbiology in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The model sets learning objectives under the concept of outcome-based education (OBE), and designs the curriculum under the guidance of objectives. In the reform practice of 120 students, the courses were implemented by using high-quality online resources to design four teaching links of "offline preview-online learning-offline participation-learning expansion" from three aspects of "pre-class-in-class-after-class", and the learning objectives were assessed by the teaching evaluation. Results showed that, compared with the traditional class, the performance of the students from reform class were significantly improved, the scores of more difficult questions were significantly higher than those of the traditional class, and the teaching quality was significantly improved. The mixed teaching model of Medical Microbiology has exploratory significance for solving the current situation of insufficient student participation and low learning efficiency in medical basic courses.

Quantitative analysis of maternal and child health talents policy in the Yangtze River Delta from the perspective of policy tools / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the policy of maternal and child health talents in Yangtze River Delta,and to provide reference for optimizing the policy.Methods:The three-dimensional framework of policy tools,policy objectives and policy objects was constructed,and the policy texts retrieved from the official websites of people's governments of three provinces and one city,health Commission,Human resources and Social Security Department were analyzed by quantitative policy analysis method.Results:A total of 239 documents were included.The main policy tools were supply tools(47.7%)and demand tools(32.1%).The main policy goal is to cultivate talents(53.2%);The main policy objects were universal(61.1%)and high-level talents(18.9%).Conclusion:The importance of maternal and child health talent policy in the Yangtze River Delta is increasing day by day,and the regional coordination is improving,but the coordination of the combination and collocation of policies still needs to be optimized,and there is strong convergence among different regions.It is necessary to promote the construction of talent highland and information platform,improve the operability of policies and carry out incentive and evaluation trials,increase the talent training and evaluation policies and introduction and publicity policies,train and make good use of middle-level talents,and create their own characteristics under the framework of regional cooperation.

Construction of special music educational objectives based on ICF and Hauenstein taxonomy of educational objectives / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo construct a special music education goal framework with functional orientation and behavioral integration. MethodsUtilizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) theory and the Hauenstein educational objectives taxnomony, and by analyzing the core content of the China Special Education School Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2016 edition), objectives for special music education were constructed. A method is established based on the ICF and the functional characteristics of special-needs children to adjust the objectives of special music education. ResultsThe framework system of special music education goals should follow the principles of functional orientation, adaptability and inclusiveness. The framework mainly composed of the goals of cognitive domain, psycho-motor domain, emotional domain and behavioral field, and the goals of each domain could be divided into five levels according to the level of development and achievement. The cognitive domain mainly focused on feeling and appreciation, which made a foundation for music learning. The psychomotor domain developed the movements, skills and related abilities of musical performance. The emotional domain focused on the impact of special music education on behaviors in terms of emotions, values, and beliefs. The behavioral domain was the synthesization of the cognitive, emotional and psychomotor domains, to enable students to use musical elements and skills to create musical works and performance. The music education objectives should be adjusted according to students' functional and developmental levels and special music learning needs. For the cognitive domain, visual support, simplification and repetition might be useful. For the psychomotor domain, visual aids, multisensory experiences and supportive technological equipment might be needed. For the emotional domain, scenario simulation, role play and music environment setting could be used to promote the connection among music and the individual and the world. For the behavioral domain, creating an inclusive environment, affirming and encouraging, and providing opportunities for creative expression might help the students apply the musical elements and techniques. ConclusionBased on the ICF theory and the Hauenstein educational objectives taxnomony theory, and referencing the China Special Education School Compulsory Education Curriculum Standards (2016 edition), this study constructed an educational objectives framework for special music. Principles for building functionally oriented, adaptive, and inclusive music education were proposed, as well as a systematic method for adjusting the objectives of special music education.

AN OVERVIEW OF HISTORY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA

Education is the passport to the future and tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. Primary education, also called an elementary education, is the ?rst stage traditionally found in formal education, beginning at about age 5 to 7 and ending at about age 11 to 13. The primary stage is very crucial stage in the life of the child. The primary school lays the foundation for children to learn moral values. India has achieved signi?cant progress in recent decades regarding access to schooling and enrolment rates in primary education. The paper makes an attempt on the history of the primary education in India

Advance Teaching of Fundamentals of Homoeopathy (ATFH): redefining competency based approach

The curriculumin academic medicine is defined by writing effective Learning objectives (LO). LO iselaborated based on perceptions of unbiased written aspects,of course, the rationale in statements is explained and tested through the completion of educational activity. These are the foundations for defining the outcomes in building up strong educational policieswhich are instructionalaligned through predefined effective curriculum courseswith added mapped outcomes. This letter provides the ongoing aspect of the development of Homoeopathic education in India regulated by the National Commission for Homoeopathy for the subject course of Advance Teaching of Fundamentals of Homoeopathy (ATFH). The essential components for the ATFHsubject course with LO and outcome assessment is been discussed and would provide a new arena of academic research in building up rationale in the programed [Doctor of Homoeopathy(MD,(Hom).

Exploration and practice on the teaching reform of "Bioremediation of Environmental Pollution" / 生物工程学报

The course Bioremediation of Environmental Pollution, which plays a vital role in the professional training system, is a professional elective course for college students majored in environmental science, environmental engineering and agricultural resources and environment. In view of the problems identified in previous teaching experiences, the teachers carried out teaching reform to meet the demand for high-quality personnel training. The teaching reform included optimization of course objectives, reconstruction of course content and knowledge integration, reform and innovation of teaching methods. The practices indicate that a reformed curriculum teaching significantly improves the achievement of the teaching objectives. Moreover, it effectively enhances the students' independent learning, thinking and comprehensive knowledge application ability, achieving sound teaching effects.

Review and Prospect of China’s Medical and Health Policy Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China: Analysis based on Policy Tools / 中国医学伦理学

Policy tools are ways to quantitative analysis of policy text content and the construction of a "Policy Tools-Policy Objectives (X-Y Dimension)" framework to explore long-term stability and late-stage innovation of policy development. This paper reviewed the development process of medical and health policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and divided 1949-2021 into four stages of reform breeding, institutional transformation, reform improvement and continuous deepening. Screening 121 medical and health policy texts issued at the national level since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, quantitatively analyzing 5 957 policy text cells from the perspective of policy tools, counting the use of policy tools in various periods, and excavating the inherent logic of policy texts, policy tools and policy objectives to derive development characteristics of internal logic deduction. The development of China’s medical and health policy in the new period will serve the people’s health in the first place, adhere to the development direction of equalization of basic public service, strengthen the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation and talent training, build a health and healthy development system with Chinese characteristics.

Application and practice of objective management and key performance index method in physical examination quality management / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of applying management by objective (MBO) and key performance indicator (KPI) method in the quality management of physical examination.Methods:The MBO and KPI methods were used to determine the focus of annual physical examination quality control, and to set 9 key physical examination quality control indicators and assessment standards. The results of physical examination quality control in the first quarter of 2018 were selected as the control group, and those in the fourth quarter of 2018 as the observation group. The two groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test, after which the application effects of MBO and KPI method were discussed.Results:The scores of physical examination quality control in the observation group were higher than those in the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The key indicators of physical examination quality control in the observation group all showed improvement to different degrees when compared with the control group. Among these indicators, the qualified rate of staff hand hygiene compliance, the qualified rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation operation, and the coincidence rate of major abnormal results of physical examination were increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (95.0% vs 87.5%, P=0.432; 97.5% vs 92.5%, P=0.615; 55.6% vs 51.0%, P=0.232, respectively). Results error rate of physical examination department, completion rate of physical examination quality control documents, client satisfaction, follow-up success rate of major abnormal results of physical examination, and qualified rate of physical examination report were all significantly improved, with statistical significance (1.2% vs 2.2%, P<0.001; 100.0% vs 85.0%, P=0.026; 98.7% vs 96.8%, P<0.001; 68.6% vs 62.6%, P=0.014; 96.2% vs 90.6%, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion:The application of MBO and KPI methods in the physical examination quality management of physical examination institutions can effectively improve the quality of physical examination.

Motivational Profiles in High School Students: Generation and Use of Volitional Strategies / Perfis Motivacionais em Estudantes do Ensino Médio: Geração e Uso de Estratégias Volitivas / Perfiles Motivacionales en Estudiantes de Bachillerato: Generación y Uso de Estrategias Volitivas

Abstract This research had as its main purpose to analyze the generation and use of volitional strategies - motivational and emotional control -, based on the motivational profile of the students, through a mixed methodology. Two standardized instruments (CMA and AVSI) were applied to 204 Mexican high school students, between 16 and 18, to identify their motivational profile. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand how they generate the volitional strategies they use. Results show that most students adopted a profile oriented to multiple goals, characterized by more volitional strategies use. They also stated that they used volitional strategies to concentrate on studying and have time to perform other tasks. It is considered necessary to design programs that promote volitional strategies, strengthening the commitment and sustained effort required to achieve academic goals in high school.

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a geração e o uso de estratégias volitivas - controle motivacional e emocional -, com base no perfil motivacional dos alunos, utilizando uma metodologia mista. Dois instrumentos padronizados (CMA y AVSI) foram aplicados em 204 estudantes mexicanos do ensino médio, entre 16 e 18 anos, a fim de identificar seu perfil motivacional e o uso de estratégias volitivas. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para entender como geram as estratégias volitivas por eles utilizadas. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos alunos adotou um perfil orientado para objetivos múltiplos, caracterizado por uma maior utilização de estratégias volitivas. Eles também afirmaram que usavam estratégias volitivas principalmente para se concentrar no estudo e ter tempo para realizar outras tarefas. Considera-se necessário desenhar programas que promovam estratégias volitivas e que fortaleçam o comprometimento e esforço sustentado, condições necessárias para atingir os objetivos acadêmicos no ensino médio.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como propósito principal analizar la generación y uso de estrategias volitivas - de control motivacional y emocional -, en función del perfil motivacional de los estudiantes, mediante una metodología mixta. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos estandarizados (CMA y AVSI) a 204 estudiantes de Bachillerato mexicanos, entre 16 y 18 años, para identificar su perfil motivacional. Asimismo, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas para comprender cómo generan las estrategias volitivas que utilizan. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos en su mayoría adoptaron un perfil orientado a metas múltiples, caracterizado por un mayor uso de estrategias volitivas. Además, manifestaron usar estrategias volitivas principalmente para concentrarse en el estudio y tener tiempo para realizar otras tareas. Se considera necesario diseñar programas que promuevan el uso de estrategias volitivas, que fortalezcan el compromiso y esfuerzo sostenido necesarios para el logro de las metas académicas en el bachillerato.

Cómo apoyar la Agenda 2030 desde los Centros Comunitarios Inteligentes (CECIs-MICITT) albergados en el Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas (SINABI-MCJ) / How to support the 2030 Agenda from the Smart Community Centers (CECIs-MICITT) stored in the National Library System (SINABI-MCJ)

Resumen: Introducción: El tema se aborda desde un enfoque metodológico prospectivo sobre la problemática de los CECIs-MICTT albergados por el SINABI-MCJ cuyo objetivo es analizar una estrategia para promoverlos. Proposición: Se exponen las ideas a desarrollar sobre los ODS que ofrecen la oportunidad al sistema de bibliotecas públicas de articular sus servicios desde un reposicionamiento de sus funciones, así como a las necesidades nacionales para promover el desarrollo local con una visión global que refuerce el compromiso social de la profesión. Argumentos para la discusión: Se encontró que el trabajo realizado como cogestores es relevante según los criterios evaluativos de: a) eficacia en el cumplimento de las metas de los servicios, b) calidad basada en la satisfacción del cliente y, c) sostenibilidad como generación de recursos a través del tiempo para la continua prestación del servicio. Conclusiones: Se ofrece una infraestructura y una oportunidad para apoyar las metas país propuestas. La recolección de resultados es valorada como provechosa en el uso de los insumos, actividades desarrolladas, efectos visibles e impactos en donde se distingue que los principales son la interacción tecnológica para el uso de TICs y la interacción social para la conformación de comunidades de usuarios que permitan al SINABI-MCJ plantearse la meta prospectiva de articular con otros cogestores y apoyar a sus propios establecimientos para revertir la grave amenaza de un cambio de dos grados en la temperatura del planeta, que hace necesario actuar en la dirección correcta para la conservación y el desarrollo social con inclusión, equidad e igualdad de oportunidades para un país en donde la brechas sociales tienden a ser muy amplias.

Abstract: Introduction: The topic is approached from a prospective methodological approach to the problem of CECIs-MICTT hosted by SINABI-MCJ and the objective is to analyze a strategy to promote them. Proposal: The ideas that the thematic contents and actions that must be developed on the SDGs offer an opportunity to the public library system to articulate their services from a repositioning of their functions to the national needs to promote local development with a global vision are exposed that reinforces the social commitment of the profession. Arguments for the discussion: It was found that the work carried out as co-advisors is relevant and according to the evaluative criteria of: a) effectiveness as the fulfillment of the goals of the services, b) quality based on customer satisfaction and, c) sustainability as the generation of resources over time for the continuous provision of the service. Conclusions: It offers an infrastructure and an opportunity to support the proposed country goals. The harvest of results is valued as beneficial in the use of inputs, activities developed, visible effects and impacts where it is distinguished that the main ones are the technological interaction for the use of ICTs and social interaction for the formation of user communities that allow SINABI-MCJ to consider the prospective goal of articulating with other co-managers and supporting their own establishments to reverse the serious threat of a two-degree change in temperature of the planet that makes it necessary to act in the right direction for conservation and promote social development with inclusion, equity and equal opportunities for a country where social gaps tend to be very wide.

A study on the awareness and practice of medical education technologies among medical college teachers

Background: Globally there is a move to reorient the medical education to suit the needs of the developing nations. Medical Council of India has made it is mandatory that all faculty need to attend Basic course in Medical Education Technologies (MET) to improve teaching effectiveness. In spite of their efforts in this regard many of the faculty is still unaware of this initiative and those who have already attended the course are not effectively practicing it. This study aimed at assessing level of awareness and practice of medical education technologies among the teaching faculty.Methods: Data was collected from the faculty by personal interviews using a validated semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS.Results: 219 faculty members participated in the study working in 26 departments. Mean age of faculty was 40.98 (SD: 12.36). 57.1% of them were males and 42.9% were females. The level of awareness among study participants about learning process related medical education technologies ranged from 57% (for psychomotor domain) to 74% (for setting up of educational objectives). The awareness and practice of ‘teaching process’ and assessment process related medical education technologies remained low. No statistically significant association was obtained between awareness and practice of SLO, Microteaching, and MiniCEX.Conclusions: Majority of teachers remain untrained in the medical education technologies at the time of the study. Of the non-clinical compared to the clinical stream of teachers, greater proportion of teachers in non-clinical section have been trained. The awareness and practice of ‘medical education technologies’ remain low among the study participants.

Teaching the Fundamentals of Medical Professionalism / 医学教育

It is said that there is no universal and comprehensive definition of professionalism. This is because there are various factors to consider depending on age, social situation, and medical context. Another reason is that academics differ in how they think about professionalism. This situation has made it difficult to introduce professionalism education. However, it is thought that a certain educational effect can be obtained by promoting education while working with the learner to consider the concept and definition of professionalism based on the social contract that forms the basis of the concept of professionalism and the trust of society. We present examples of teaching the concept of professionalism through the use of concrete examples.