ODONTOASIS, objeto de aprendizaje sobre Análisis de la Situación de Salud: componente dental

Introducción: la carrera de Estomatología emplea las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en el proceso docente educativo, muestra de lo cual es la inserción de manera creciente y progresiva de los softwares educativos. Objetivo: desarrollar un objeto de aprendizaje de tipo multimedia sobre Análisis de la Situación de Salud: Componente dental. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo innovación tecnológica en el período de febrero a julio de 2018 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus. Se emplearon para el diseño y desarrollo del objeto de aprendizaje programas como MatchWare Mediator 9.0, HotPotatoes 6, Adobe Photoshop CS versión 8.0.1. El objeto de aprendizaje se validó por especialistas y por los estudiantes. Resultados: El 97,4 % de los estudiantes refirieron que el producto tenía la calidad y atracción necesaria para contribuir a su aprendizaje, el 100 % refirió su utilidad, lo cual se corroboró en el resultado de las calificaciones obtenidas que fueron buenas en el 97,4 % de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: la multimedia constituye un recurso educacional flexible, dinámico, claro, objetivo y de fácil comprensión; aborda una temática relevante para la Estomatología y cumple con el objetivo para el que fue concebido.

Introduction: the Stomatology career uses Information and Communication Technologies in the educational teaching process, an example of which is the increasing and progressive insertion of educational software. Objective: to develop a multimedia learning object on Analysis of the Health Situation: Dental Component. Methods: a technological innovation study was carried out in the period from February to July 2018 at the University of Medical Sciences of Sancti Spíritus. Programs such as MatchWare Mediator 9.0, HotPotatoes 6, Microsoft Office 2010, Adobe Photoshop CS version 8.0.1, were used for the design and development of the multimedia learning object. Specialists and students validated the obtained product. Results: the multimedia product was created. In addition, 97,4 % of the students reported that the product had the necessary quality and attraction to contribute to their learning and 100 % reported its usefulness, which was corroborated in the result of the grades obtained, being good in 97,4 % thereof. Conclusions: multimedia is a flexible, dynamic, clear, objective and easy to understand educational resource; addressing a relevant topic for Stomatology, fulfilling the objective for which it was conceived.

Institutions of Higher Learning's Codes of Conduct and Professional Ethics

The idea of professional ethics is seen as being of the utmost significance in achieving the asked points and objects in advanced educational institutions. Information about professional ethics is given to the people as they develop. They admit this information from their preceptors and family members. The capability to comprehend the applicability of professional ethics and put it into practice allows people to enhance their lives and negotiate both particular and professional objects. It's essential for scholars to consider professional ethics while pursuing advanced education. This idea is pivotal for everyone who works in educational institutions, including directors, heads, professors, and staff members as well as scholars. It's pivotal for people to make sure they communicate easily, establish strong fellowship with others, parade honesty and righteousness, and perform their job scores in an orderly fashion in order to execute professional ethics in an effective manner. The crucial motifs that have been considered in this exploration paper are the description and significance of professional ethics, their pretensions, the different kinds of professional ethics, and ways to strengthen them

Development and evaluation of H5P interactive learning objects for online learning in pre-clinical medical education

Background@#The pandemic forced a shift to online education, which encountered issues such as connectivity issues and lack of interaction. The HTML Package (H5P) is an open source software platform that enables the creation and delivery of asynchronous interactive online learning content with minimal technical and data requirements. There is a need to explore H5P in this context.@*Objectives@#To describe the development of digital learning objects using H5P integrated into a university learning management system and to evaluate students' perception of this in terms of usefulness, integration, impact on learning, and important attributes of the learning object.@*Methodology@#H5P interactive content was created and integrated into the UP Manila LMS and used for the OS212 ORL Module. The 179 second year medical students were then invited to answer a survey regarding their perception of H5P's ease of use, impact on learning outcomes, integration, and key attributes of an LO. Data gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics.@*Results@#There were 134 respondents and they had a highly positive assessment of the H5P learning objects with regards to all studied parameters. Majority of the students found the H5P content easy to use, appropriate and well integrated, and helpful for learning.@*Conclusion@#The H5P platform provides the opportunity for the development of online educational content without the need for advanced technical skills. The high level acceptance of LOs using H5P technology underscores its potential to enrich students' educational experience.

Construction of "Internet + nursing" quality evaluation index system based on the perspective of service objects / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct a set of quality evaluation index system of "Internet + nursing" with clear evaluation criteria with the service objects as the evaluation subject and Service Quality model as the theoretical framework, and to provide an objective basis for the quality evaluation of "Internet + nursing".Methods:CNKI, Wanfang databases, VIP, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from establishment to November 2021. The article determined the quality evaluation items of "Internet + nursing" based on the perspective of service objects by means of literature analysis, field research and Delphi expert inquiries. Analytic hierarchy process was used to confirm the weight of each indicator.Results:In this study, 22 experts were consulted for 2 rounds.The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of questionnaires were 100%. The judgment basis coefficient was 0.936, familiarity coefficient was 0.945 and authority coefficient was 0.941; in the first round, the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the importance of the first and second level indicators were 0.187 and 0.122, and the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the feasibility were 0.183 and 0.125; in the second round, the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the importance of the first and second level indicators were 0.241 and 0.190, and the Kendall harmony coefficients assigned to the feasibility were 0.218 and 0.166 (both P<0.01). The final evaluation index system for the "Internet + nursing" based on the perspective of service objects included 7 first-class indicators and 33 second-class indicators. Conclusions:The "Internet + nursing" quality evaluation index system constructed in this study based on the perspective of service objects is scientific, reliable and practical, which can be used as an evaluation tool for the current "Internet + nursing" quality evaluation and strategy optimization.

Objetos de aprendizaje para el estudio de la Ontogenia Humana. Argumentación teórica

RESUMEN Introducción: con la apertura a las Tecnologías de la Informática y las Comunicaciones en el país y principalmente en el sistema educacional se han desarrollado estrategias para mejorar la calidad de las clases en las aulas cubanas. Los objetos de aprendizaje constituyen actualmente una poderosa herramienta de apoyo a la docencia por lo que es necesario profundizar en su estudio desde la perspectiva pedagógica. Con el objetivo de argumentar sobre los referentes teóricos de los objetos de aprendizaje para el estudio de la Ontogenia Humana se realizó esta revisión bibliográfica. Desarrollo: la asignatura Ontogenia Humana y SOMA es nueva dentro del plan de estudio, por ello está en pleno desarrollo la creación de medios para el aprendizaje, que se sustenten en la didáctica especial como elemento de la creatividad pedagógica de los profesores, siendo necesario argumentar los referentes teóricos de los objetos de aprendizaje, su evolución en el proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje en las Ciencias Médicas. Caracterización, ventajas y desventajas. Conclusiones: los objetos de aprendizaje brindan la posibilidad a los estudiantes de interactuar y dinamizar los procesos, potenciando las actividades educativas, lo que resulta de gran utilidad para fortalecer los contenidos de Ontogenia Humana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: with the opening to Information Technology and Communications in the country and mainly in the educational system, strategies have been developed to improve the quality of classes in Cuban classrooms. Learning objects are currently a powerful tool to support teaching, so it is necessary to deepen their study from a pedagogical perspective. With the aim of arguing about the theoretical references of learning objects for the study of Human Ontogeny, this bibliographic review was carried out. Development: the subject Human Ontogeny and SOMA is new within the study plan, for this reason the creation of means for learning is in full development, which are based on special didactics as an element of the pedagogical creativity of teachers, being necessary to argue the theoretical references of learning objects, their evolution in the teaching-learning process in Medical Sciences. Characterization, advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions: the learning objects provided the possibility for students to interact and streamline the processes, enhancing educational activities, which is very useful to strengthen the contents of Human Ontogeny.

RESUMO Introdução: com a abertura à Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações no país e principalmente no sistema educacional, foram desenvolvidas estratégias para melhorar a qualidade das aulas nas salas de aula cubanas. Os objetos de aprendizagem são atualmente uma poderosa ferramenta de apoio ao ensino, pelo que é necessário aprofundar o seu estudo numa perspetiva pedagógica. Como objetivo de discutir os referenciais teóricos dos objetos de aprendizagem para o estudo da Ontogenia Humana, foi realizada esta revisão bibliográfica. Desenvolvimento: a disciplina Ontogenia Humana e SOMA é nova dentro do plano de estudos, por isso a criação de meios de aprendizagem está em pleno desenvolvimento, os quais se baseiam na didática especial como elemento da criatividade pedagógica dos professores, sendo necessário discutir a referenciais teóricos dos objetos de aprendizagem, suaevolução no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em Ciências Médicas. Caracterização, vantagens e desvantagens. Conclusões: os objetos de aprendizagem possibilitaram aos alunos interagir e agilizar os processos, potencializando as atividades educativas, o que é muito útil para fortalecer os conteúdos de Ontogenia Humana.

Digital educational resources in school physical education: an exploratory study on the MEC RED platform

Abstract Aim: This work aims to identify the perception of school Physical Education teachers concerning the use of a digital educational resources (DERs) platform. Methods: An exploratory study was carried out with nine Physical Education teachers from different locations and teaching systems in Brazil. These teachers used some functionalities offered by MEC RED, a DERs platform provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Education, and presented their experience of use in a focus group. Results: Discussions among the participating teachers from their experience of using MEC RED led to identifying potential benefits and obstacles to using DERs in teaching Physical Education at school, motivations for using a DERs platform, and the usefulness of MEC RED in this context. Conclusion: From the participants' point of view, a DERs platform can support teachers in locating and selecting resources that could be used in their classes. MEC RED was found partially suited to these teachers mainly because it presents low availability of DERs related to school Physical Education, which may demobilize the use of this platform. The findings of this study can contribute to understanding the needs of school Physical Education teachers to create, use, and share DERs, promote a collaborative culture among them, and structure better DERs platforms.

A experiência escrita: as potencialidades da escrita em grupo na clínica das drogadições / The written experience: the potentialities of group writing in the drug addiction clinic / La experiencia escrita: las potencialidades de la escritura grupal en la clínica de drogadicción

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre algumas possíveis contribuições da escrita, e mais especificamente da tarefa da escrita como objeto de mediação em grupo, como dispositivo para a clínica das drogadições. Para tal é problematizado inicialmente a temporalidade dos relatos autobiográficos de ex-usuários de drogas e a escrita enquanto objeto mediador e transferencial em grupo. Apresentamos alguns aportes da psicanálise das drogadições para problematizar as falhas das cadeias representacionais e a perda do sentido simbólico para o agir que se colocam em curso neste campo clínico para então refletir, a partir de uma vinheta clínica, sobre as potencialidades da tarefa de escrever em grupo como catalizadora de processos de simbolização. A tarefa de escrever em grupo demonstra-se mobilizadora e depositária de elementos psíquicos de inscrição precária, demonstrando-se resistente à agressividade das ações evacuatórias e dando apoio a um resgate da dimensão convocatória da linguagem. A leitura das múltiplas transferências grupais, da transferência com o objeto mediador e da transferência com a tarefa demonstram-se fundamentais para os manejos técnicos e para a função interpretante dos coordenadores no grupo.

This paper aims to reflect on some possible contributions of writing, and more specifically the task of writing as a group mediation object, as a device for the drug addiction clinic. To this end, the temporality of the autobiographical reports of former drug users and the writing as a group mediator and transference object are problematized. Some contributions of psychoanalysis of drug addictions are presented to problematize the failures of the representational chains and the loss of the symbolic meaning to act that are underway in this clinical field and then reflect, from a clinical vignette, about the potentialities of the task of group writing as a catalyst for symbolization processes. The task of group writing proves to be a mobilizer and depository of precarious inscription psychic elements, being resistant to the aggressiveness of evacuatory actions and supporting the rescue of the convocatory dimension of language. The comprehension of the multiple group transferences, the transference with the mediator object and the transference with the task prove to be of fundamental value for the technical management and the interpretative function of the coordinators.

Este articulo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre algunas posibles contribuciones de la escritura, y más específicamente la tarea de escribir como un objeto de mediación grupal, como un dispositivo para la clínica de drogadicción. Con este fin, la temporalidad de los informes autobiográficos de ex usuarios de drogas y la escritura como mediador grupal y objeto de transferencia se problematizan. Presentamos algunas contribuciones del psicoanálisis de las drogadicciones para problematizar las fallas de las cadenas de representación y la pérdida del significado simbólico para actuar que están en curso en este campo clínico y luego reflexionar, desde una viñeta clínica, sobre las potencialidades de la tarea de escritura grupal como catalizador de procesos de simbolización. La tarea de la escritura grupal demuestra ser un movilizador y depositario de elementos psíquicos de inscripción precaria, siendo resistente a la agresividad de las acciones de evacuación y apoyando un rescate de la dimensión de convocatoria del lenguaje. La lectura de las múltiples transferencias en los grupos, la transferencia con el objeto mediador y la transferencia con la tarea demuestran ser de valor fundamental para la gestión técnica y la función interpretativa de los coordinadores.

A produção do sonho coletivo como mediador de processos grupais / The production of the collective dream as a mediator in group processes / La producción del sueño colectivo como mediador en procesos grupales

A atração pelos sonhos é algo que acompanha os seres humanos há milhares de anos e em diferentes culturas. Nos dias de hoje, a interpretação de sonhos é bastante valorizada pela psicanálise, em especial nos trabalhos clínicos, seja nos atendimentos individuais, nos grupos terapêuticos ou em psicoterapias de casal e família. Mas, em todos estes casos, além do enfoque majoritariamente clínico, trabalha-se, em geral, a partir das associações realizadas e pela interpretação do material sonhado, lembrado e compartilhado por um dos participantes. O presente artigo baseia-se em uma comunicação científica que apresentou um dispositivo desenvolvido para ser utilizado como recurso para intervenções em diferentes grupos, inclusive os com finalidades não psicoterapêuticas: a produção e interpretação, de forma lúdica, de um sonho criado pelo grupo. Tal recurso pode ser aplicado em grupos com as mais variadas finalidades. Será apresentada a fundamentação teórica do dispositivo e apresentadas as etapas de elaboração da atividade, com a discussão de alguns resultados. Espera-se que o referido dispositivo possa ser aproveitado por outros profissionais para a promoção de saúde nos diferentes tipos de grupos.

Humans have showed interest in dream interpretation for thousands of years and in different cultures. In the current time, dream interpretation is highly valued by psychoanalysis, especially in psychotherapy, whether in individual care, therapeutic groups or couple and family psychotherapies. But, in all these cases, in addition to the predominantly clinical approach, they generally work from the associations made and the interpretation of the content dreamed, remembered and shared by one of the participants. Thus, the present work brings a differential, as part of the principles of elaboration and analysis of dreams presented by psychoanalysis, to propose the creation of a collective dream made in a playful way as a resource to enable the reading of group phenomena. This feature can be applied in groups with the most varied purposes. The stages of elaboration of the activity will be presented and some results will be discussed, which can be used by other professionals for health promotion in different types of groups.

Los humanos han mostrado interés en la interpretación de los sueños durante miles de años y en diferentes culturas. En la actualidad, la interpretación de los sueños es muy valorada por el psicoanálisis, especialmente en psicoterapia, ya sea en atención individual, grupos terapéuticos o psicoterapias de pareja y familia. Pero, en todos estos casos, además del enfoque predominantemente clínico, generalmente trabajan a partir de las asociaciones realizadas y la interpretación del contenido soñado, recordado y compartido por uno de los participantes. Así, el presente trabajo trae una diferencia, como parte de los principios de elaboración y análisis de los sueños presentados por el psicoanálisis, para proponer la creación de un sueño colectivo hecho de manera lúdica como un recurso para permitir la lectura de fenómenos grupales. Esta característica se puede aplicar en grupos con los más variados propósitos, ya que, por un lado, evidencia contenidos latentes y, por otro, preserva a sus participantes. Se presentarán las etapas de elaboración de la actividad y se discutirán algunos resultados, que pueden ser utilizados por otros profesionales para la promoción de la salud en diferentes tipos de grupos.

O ato de presentear como processo de sacralização: o escapulário como símbolo de amor e proteção / Gift-giving as a scralization process: the catholic scapular as a symbol of love and protection

Com objetivo de compreender como acontece a sacralização do objeto de consumo escapulário para católicos realizou-se uma investigação qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com católicos que usam escapulário regularmente. Os discursos coletados passaram pela análise de conteúdo que revelou como resultado de pesquisa que o local do "sagrado" em relação ao escapulário, está vinculado à sua capacidade de proteger seu usuário. Ainda essa capacidade de proteção não está vinculada apenas ao objeto em si, mas no fato deste ter sido recebido como presente de uma pessoa amada. O que sacraliza então não é apenas a religião, mas a relação de afeto entre quem recebeu o escapulário de presente e a pessoa que o presenteou.(AU)

In order to understand how the process of sacralization of the scapular consumption object takes place for Catholics who use this item, a qualitative investigation was carried out. Interviews were conducted with Catholics who use scapular regularly. The speeches collected went through the content analysis of the speeches of these users, which revealed, as a result of research, that the place of the "sacred" in relation to the scapular, is linked to its ability to protect its user. Yet this protective capacity is not only linked to the object itself, but to the fact that it was received as a gift by a beloved person. What sacralizes it, then, is not just religion, but the affectionate relationship between the person who received the scapular as a gift and the person who gives it.(AU)

La "Accesibilidad-DHD" en el caso Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini": hacia una co-construcción multimodal para un equitativo acceso a contenidos web / The "DHD-Accessibility" in the case "Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini: towards a multimodal co-construction for equitable access to web content

Resumen El artículo presenta un estudio de caso cuya objetivo es mejorar las condiciones de accesibilidad web de un dispositivo de comunicación pública de ciencia y tecnología titulado Dispositivo Hipermedial Dinámico Memoria y experiencia Cossettini. El mismo, publica en Acceso Abierto documentos digitalizados del Archivo pedagógico Cossettini conteniendo una gran cantidad de elementos estéticos visuales. Desde el marco teórico se sostiene que la elaboración colaborativa de objetos digitales multimodales contextualizados podría posibilitar a quienes participan del DHD MyECossettini una experiencia sensible/accesible de exploración, interpretación y recreación no excluyente de los archivos patrimoniales digitalizados, sin desmedro de lo singular y significativo de la fuente original. En este sentido, se ha propuesto la Accesibilidad-DHD basada en los principios de Percepción, Comprensión, Acción y Flexibilidad. En lo metodológico, se abordó el análisis y desarrollo de objetos digitales accesibles con un enfoque socio-técnico e interdisciplinar en atención al principio de percepción. Los resultados alcanzados constatan que las alternativas accesibles elaboradas habilitan nuevos canales perceptivos y proporcionan información contextual que constituye un valor agregado para todas las personas. Finalmente, se concluye que participar de la Accesibilidad-DHD no requiere necesariamente de experticia en informática, habilitando a que cada persona, desde su lugar, colabore en garantizar el acceso equitativo a la información. No obstante se advierte que, el desafío más complejo se presenta en la construcción de una toma de conciencia colectiva activa que asuma con responsabilidad de garantizar el Derecho Humano a habitar sin exclusiones el ciberespacio.

Abstract This article presents a case study with the aim to improve the conditions of web accessibility of a science and technology public communication device, "Dynamic Hypermedia Device, Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini". It publishes in Open Access digitized documents from the "Cossettini pedagogical archive" containing a large number of visual aesthetic elements. From the theoretical framework, the collaborative elaboration of contextualized multimodal digital objects could allow those who participate in the DHD MyECossettini a sensitive/accessible experience of exploration, interpretation and non-exclusive recreation of digitized heritage archives, without detriment to the singular and significant of the original source. Therefore, it is proposed DHD-Accessibility based on the principles of Perception, Comprehension, Action and Flexibility. Methodologically, the analysis and development of accessible digital objects are developed with a socio-technical and interdisciplinary approaches, focused on the principle of perception. The results achieved confirm that the accessible alternatives developed enable new perceptual channels and provide contextual information that constitutes added value for all people. Finally, it is highlighted that participating in "DHD-Accessibility" does not necessarily require IT expertise, enabling each person, from their place, to collaborate in guaranteeing equitable access to information. However, it is noted that the most complex challenge is presented in the construction of an active collective awareness that assumes with responsibility to guarantee the Human Right to inhabit cyberspace without exclusions.

Distribución espacial y variables explicativas de capturas de Thunnus albacares (Perciformes: Scombridae) y especies no objetivo por la flota internacional de cerco en el Pacífico de Costa Rica / Spatial distribution and correlates for catches of Thunnus albacares (Perciformes: Scombridae) and non-target species by the international purse-seine fleet in the Pacific of Costa Rica

Introducción: En los ambientes marinos del Pacífico de Costa Rica, la actividad pesquera por la flota cerquera internacional es importante debido a su amplio alcance y fuerte impacto. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacial de la captura de atún aleta amarilla y especies no objetivo por esa flota, y posibles correlaciones con variables ambientales y pesqueras. Métodos: Aplicamos estadísticas geoespaciales y modelos de regresión múltiple en datos de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical, del 2002 al 2011. Utilizamos una grilla del tamaño de la Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) con 1 124 celdas de 22 x 22 km (unidad de análisis), para un total de 11 240 celdas-año. Resultados: El atún mediano (presumiblemente inmaduro en su mayoría), delfines, mantas y rayas fueron capturados mayormente dentro del Domo Térmico (noreste de la ZEE). Las más altas capturas de atún pequeño (inmaduro en su totalidad), tiburones, picudos, dorado, peto y diversas especies pequeñas, ocurrieron en el extremo sur. El atún grande (maduro) fue capturado especialmente en el centro de la ZEE, hacia el este del Área Marina de Manejo Montes Submarinos y el Parque Nacional Marino Isla del Coco. Los atunes, dorado, delfines, mantas y rayas mostraron gran fidelidad de sitio por asociación con variables geográficas y ambientales, a la vez que el atún pequeño estuvo asociado a lances sobre objetos flotantes y el atún grande a lances sobre delfines. La heterogeneidad de las especies no objetivo probablemente escondió la mayoría de las correlaciones. Conclusiones: La pesca está afectando los niveles tróficos más altos y es necesario un diseño de zonificación ajustado para proteger mejor el domo térmico y considerar la susceptibilidad al uso de redes de cerco.

Introduction: In the Pacific marine ecosystems of Costa Rica, fishing activity by the international purse-seine fleet is important for its wide scope and large impact. Objective: To evaluate the spatial distribution of the catch of yellowfin tuna and non-target species by this fleet, and possible correlates with environmental and fishing variables. Methods: We applied geospatial statistics and multiple regression models to Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission data, covering from 2002 to 2011. We used a grid the size of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) with 1 124 cells of 22 x 22 km (unit of analysis), for a total of 11 240 year-cells. Results: The medium tuna (presumably immature for the most part), dolphins, mantas and rays dominated catches within the Thermal Dome (Northeast of the EEZ). Small tuna (all immature), sharks, billfishes, dorado, wahoo, and various small species were caught mostly in the extreme South. Large tuna (mature) was caught specially in the zone center, towards the east of the Submarine Mounts Marine Management Area and the Isla del Coco National Marine Park. Tuna, dorado, dolphins, mantas and rays showed high site fidelity due to their association with geographic and environmental variables, at the time small tuna was associated with sets on floating objects, and big tuna was associated with sets on dolphins. The heterogeneity of non-target species probably hid most correlations. Conclusions: Fishing is affecting the highest trophic levels and an adjusted zoning design is needed to better protect the thermal dome and to take into account susceptibility to the use of purse seines.

Quando comer não é suficiente: tríade, cuidado/educação, desenvolvimento e uso dos objetos durante as refeições em duas creches do DF / Cuando comer no es suficiente: triada, cuidado/educación, desarrollo y uso de los objetos durante momentos de alimentación en dos escuelas infantiles de Brasilia

Resumo O presente estudo caracteriza o uso de objetos e de práticas alimentares e descreve as qualidades das interações na tríade cuidadora-objeto-criança (12 a 24 meses) durante as refeições em duas creches em Brasília. A análise enfoca ações, diálogos e aspectos metacomunicativos expressos pelas tríades ao longo da ação pedagógica. A pesquisa utilizou análise microgenética, com observação não participante, filmagem, fotos e registros escritos. Identificouse, por meio deste estudo, como o uso de objetos e a relação triádica são desenvolvidos nas refeições e os aspectos relacionais/educacionais emergentes nesses momentos. Com base nas análises microgenéticas, ficou evidente que os objetos, relações e formas de comunicação na relação triádica estão relacionados com a apropriação e compreensão do uso de objetos, ações de tempo de refeição e práticas contextuais em sala de aula. Os resultados identificam a necessidade de trazer à tona aspectos de significado e sentido durante as refeições em contextos educacionais da primeira infância. O envolvimento da tríade mediante as tentativas de criar cânones das ações, o papel da ação intencional da cuidadora e a dinâmica variegada da semiótica da tríade salientam nas conclusões da pesquisa.

Abstract This paper addresses the use of objects within mealtime practices of 12-14 months old children in two day-care centers in Brasilia. It aims at understanding the qualities of the triadic interactions of teacher-object-child. A research was conducted in order to favor such interactions during everyday school routine. Empirical data collection consisted in non-participant observation, video recording of mealtime episodes, written notes and photos. Microgenetic analyses focused on actions, dialogues and meta-communicative aspects which allowed the identification of the emergence of triadic relationships during mealtime. Special emphasis was drawn on a variety of engagements with food and eating utensils during the educational settings. Results suggest that objects, engagements, and ways of communication in the triadic relationships are related with actions, appropriation and understanding of the use of objects, mealtime actions and cultural practices. Conclusions reveal that important aspects related to meaning making during mealtime in early childhood education and show how the triadic engagement allow the emergence of canonical actions, and the role of the caregiver's leadership, as well as, the variegated semiotic dynamics into the triadic relations.

IMAGODRAMA: uso de bonecos e objetos-auxiliares em psicodrama individual e on-line / IMAGODRAMA: use of puppets, and auxiliary objects in individual and online psychodrama / IMAGODRAMA: uso de muñecos y objetos-auxiliares en psicodrama individual y online

Este artigo aborda aspectos referentes à utilização de objetos-auxiliares e mediadores em psicodrama individual e on-line a partir das suas funções terapêuticas, e associados à técnica de construção de imagens psicodramáticas com bonecos. Retoma o enquadre clássico da metodologia psicodramática com o objetivo de adequar os instrumentos fundamentais do psicodrama ao atendimento on-line e, em seguida, abrir a discussão teórica sobre as nomenclaturas surgidas no Brasil, decorrentes de diferentes enquadres em psicodrama individual. Conclui sua escrita com as definições dos conceitos de objetos-auxiliares, mediadores e criativos, ilustrando com três sessões on-line sobre o uso de bonecos e objetos-auxiliares em psicodrama clínico, definindo sua prática clínica, seja presencial ou on-line, como Imagodrama.

This article addresses aspects related to the use of auxiliary and mediating objects in individual and online psychodrama based on their therapeutic functions and associated with the technique of constructing psychodramatic images with puppets. It returns to the classic framework of the psychodramatic methodology, intending to adjust the fundamental instruments of psychodrama to online care, and then to open a theoretical discussion about the nomenclatures that started in Brazil resulting from different frameworks in individual psychodrama. It concludes with the definitions of the concepts of the auxiliary, mediating, and creative objects, illustrating three online sessions on the use of auxiliary objects in clinical psychodrama.

Este artículo aborda aspectos referentes a la utilización de objetos-auxiliares y mediadores en psicodrama individual y online a partir de sus funciones terapéuticas, y asociados a la técnica de construcción de imágenes psicodramáticas con muñecos. Retoma el encuadre clásico de la metodología psicodramática con el objetivo de adecuar los instrumentos fundamentales del psicodrama a la atención online y, en seguida, abrir la discusión teórica sobre las nomenclaturas surgidas en Brasil, derivados de diferentes encuadres en psicodrama individual. Concluye su escritura con las definiciones de los conceptos de objetos-auxiliares, mediadores y creativos, ilustrando con tres sesiones online sobre el uso de muñecos y objetos-auxiliares en psicodrama clínico, definiendo su práctica clínica, ya sea presencial u online, como Imagodrama.

Characterizacion of objectal actions and verbal production in pre-school age / Caracterizacion de acciones objetales y la producción verbal en la edad preescolar menor / Caracterização das ações objetais e da produção verbal na idade pré-escolar

RESUMEN El tema de las condiciones óptimas para el desarrollo verbal del niño preescolar menor aún sigue abierto en psicología, y surge la pregunta acerca de la naturaleza de dichas condiciones. Desde la teoría de la actividad se plantea la posibilidad de análisis de fenómenos del desarrollo no como procesos aislados, sino como elementos de la actividad que predomina en el desarrollo del niño en una u otra etapa. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer una relación entre la adquisición de las acciones objetales y la producción verbal en niños preescolares menores.En el estudio se valoraron los niveles de adquisición de la acción objetal, comunicación verbal en el juego y la forma de interacción entre niño y adultos que predomina en familia. Para las interacciones con los niños se utilizó el Protocolo para Evaluación del desarrollo para niños preescolares menores (Solovieva & Quintanar, 2014), mientras que con los cuidadores se aplicó una entrevista para precisar el tipo de acciones y orientaciones predominantes en familia. Se identificó una relación entre ambos fenómenos estudiados y una correlación significativa entre el nivel de adquisición de las acciones con objetos, expresiones verbales y orientación parental. Se precisaron las etapas de adquisición de acciones con objetos y el paso al inicio de la adquisición de la función simbólica con el rol específico de uso de juguetes animados. Se discute la utilidad del protocolo para diagnóstico e interacción con niños preescolares, así como para la formulación de programas de intervención y desarrollo en esta edad.

RESUMO O tema das condições ótimas para o desenvolvimento verbal da criança pré-escolar ainda está em aberto na psicologia, trazendo questões sobre a natureza destas condições. A partir da teoria da atividade, se apresenta a possibilidade da análise dos fenômenos do desenvolvimento não como processos isolados, mas sim como elementos da atividade que predomina no desenvolvimento da criança em uma ou outra etapa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer uma relação entre a aquisição das ações objetais e a produção verbal em crianças pré-escolares. Neste estudo se consideraram os níveis de aquisição da ação objetal, a comunicação verbal no jogo e a forma de interação predominante na família entre a criança e os adultos. Para as interações com as crianças utilizou-se o protocolo para Evaluación del desarrollo para niños preescolares menores (Solovieva & Quintanar, 2014), ao passo que uma entrevista foi aplicada aos cuidadores para precisar o tipo de ações e orientações predominantes na família. Foi identificada uma relação entre ambos os fenômenos estudados e uma correlação significativa entre o nível de aquisição de ações com objetos, expressões verbais e orientação parental. Foram especificadas as etapas de aquisição de ações com objetos e a passagem ao início da aquisição da função simbólica, com a necessidade particular do uso de brinquedos animados. Por fim, se discute a utilidade do protocolo para o diagnóstico e interação com crianças pré-escolares, assim como para a formulação de programas de intervenção e desenvolvimento nesta idade.

ABSTRACT The topic of favorable conditions for verbal development is opened in psychology. The question about the nature of such conditions hasn't been solved. According to activity theory, it is possible to study aspects of psychological development no as isolated functions, but in relation to the main activity at each stage of development. The objective of the study was to establish a relationship between stages of play with objects using symbols and verbal production in preschool children. For the interactions with children, the Protocol for Evaluación del desarrollo para niños preescolares menores (Solovieva & Quintanar, 2014) was used, and a semi-structured interview was applied with the caregivers in order to specify the type of actions and orientations Predominant in family. We identified a relationship between studied phenomena and a significant correlation between the variables of actions with objects, verbal expressions and parental orientation. The stages of acquisition of actions with objects were determined together with the specific necessity of use of animated toys for verbal development. We discuss the usefulness of the protocol for diagnosis and interaction with preschool children, as well as for the formulation of intervention and development programs at this age.

Application of DESI-MSI in Quality Control of Banxia Xiexintang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To prepare 15 batches of Banxia Xiexintang substance benchmark and lyophilized powder from different places, and the lyophilized powder was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD) and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) in order to investigate the advantages of DESI-MSI in quality control of famous classical formulas. Method::Taking Banxia Xiexintang as the research model, fingerprints of the substance benchmark and lyophilized powder were established by UHPLC-DAD, and the content of index components and the yield of dry extract were also investigated. Meanwhile, as the research carrier, the lyophilized powder corresponding to Banxia Xiexintang was dissolved in methanol and dotted on qualitative filter paper with 5 μL quantitative capillary, and fixed it on the slide to make samples. The samples were analyzed on a DESI-MSI system in positive and negative ion mode with methanol-formic acid (1 000∶1, flow rate of 3 μL·min-1) as spray solvent, N2 as spray gas (pressure of 0.5 MPa). The scanning range was 100-1 200 Da, the spatial resolution was 300 μm, the spray voltage was 3 kV, the sampling cone voltage was ±40 V, incidence angle of sprayer was 60 degree, its collection angle was 10 degree, the ion source temperature was 120 ℃. Result::DESI-MSI could not only detect the index components of liquiritin, baicalin and wogonoside, as well as the common peaks of liquiritin apioside, berberine and glycyrrhizic acid, but also analyzed them semi-quantitatively, the analysis results were basically consistent with UHPLC-DAD. At the same time, DESI-MSI could detect 16 other components from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Jujubae Fructus and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, such as licoricesaponin G2, palmatine, coptisine, rutin and ginsenoside Rg1, and present their relative content visually. The qualitative analysis ability of DESI-MSI was much better than UHPLC-DAD. Conclusion::DESI-MSI can be used as the quality control method for substance benchmark and lyophilized powder and dispensing granules of famous classical formulas with advantages of high sensitivity, strong analytical ability, no complex sample processing, qualitative and relative content analysis of complex samples without reference substance.

A escuta polifônica no atendimento psicanalítico de adolescentes / The polyphonic listening in psychoanalytic care of adolescents / La escucha polifónica en el tratamiento psicoanalítico de adolescentes / L'écoute polyphonique dans le soins psychanalytiques des adolescents

A autora evidencia a adolescência e suas metamorfoses no corpo e na vida emocional, e os conflitos da complexa passagem da infância à adolescência. Compartilha a experiência analítica vivida com dois adolescentes, Jacinto e Íris, que têm em comum o casal parental que apresenta prejuízo em sua constituição desencadeando a inserção destes num universo fantástico e perverso. A escuta polifônica amplia o conhecimento da psicanalista quando se interessa em conhecer assuntos, como jogos e teorias, que estavam distantes de seu repertório cotidiano.

The author highlights the adolescence and its metamorphoses in the body and emotional life, and the conflicts of the complex passage from childhood to adolescence. She shares the analytical experience lived with two teenagers, Jacinto and Iris, who have in common the parental couple that presents impairment in their constitution triggering their insertion in a fantastic and perverse universe. Polyphonic listening broadens the psychoanalyst's knowledge when she is interested in knowing subjects such as games and theories that were far from her everyday repertoire.

El autor destaca la adolescencia y sus metamorfosis en el cuerpo y la vida emocional, y los conflictos del complejo paso de la infancia a la adolescencia. Comparte la experiencia analítica vivida con dos adolescentes, Jacinto e Iris, que tienen en común la pareja parental que presenta un impedimento en su constitución que desencadena su inserción en un universo fantástico y perverso. La escucha polifónica amplía el conocimiento del psicoanalista cuando está interesada en conocer temas como juegos y teorías que estaban lejos de su repertorio cotidiano.

L'auteur met en évidence l'adolescence et ses métamorphoses dans le corps et la vie affective, ainsi que les conflits du passage complexe de l'enfance à l'adolescence. Elle partage l'expérience analytique vécue avec deux adolescents, Jacinto et Iris, qui ont en commun le couple parental qui présente une altération de leur constitution déclenchant leur insertion dans un univers fantastique et pervers. L'écoute polyphonique élargit les connaissances de la psychanalyste lorsqu'elle s'intéresse à des sujets tels que les jeux et les théories qui étaient loin de son répertoire quotidien.

Eros na constituição do objeto estético: fragmentos de uma escuta a fim de entender melhor o que eu quero dizer / Eros in constitution of the aesthetical object: fragments from a listening to better understand what I want to say / Eros en la constitución del objeto estético: fragmentos de una escucha para mejor entender lo que quiero decir / Eros dans la constitution de l'objet esthétique: fragments de l'écoute pour mieux comprendre ce que je veux dire

Neste trabalho faço uma exploração sobre o objeto estético, descrito por Meg Harris Williams como um processo da mentalidade estética. Tecendo associações entre poemas, experiências emocionais e sonhos, vou construindo um texto, em que as ideias nascidas são compreendidas como função dos objetos internos que, no recolhimento de sua câmera nupcial, criam símbolos, pensamentos oníricos e pensamentos de cuja matéria se fazem pensamentos.

In this paper I explore the aesthetic object described by Meg Harris Williams as a process of the aesthetic mindset. Weaving associations among poems, emotional experiences and dreams I build a text where the born ideas are understood as a function of the internal objects that, in the recollection of their "bridal camera", create symbols, dream thoughts and thoughts from whose matter thoughts are made.

En este artículo exploro el objeto estético descrito por Meg Harris Williams como un proceso de mentalidad estética. Tejiendo asociaciones entre poemas, experiencias emocionales y sueños construyo un texto donde las ideas nacidas se entienden como una función de los objetos internos que, en el recuerdo de su "cámara nupcial", crean símbolos, pensamientos y pensamientos de los sueños de los cuales están hechos los pensamientos.

Dans cet article, j'explore l'objet esthétique décrit par Meg Harris Williams en tant que processus de la mentalité esthétique. Tissant des associations entre poèmes, expériences émotionnelles et rêves, je construis un texte dans lequel les idées nées sont comprises comme une fonction des objets internes qui, dans le souvenir de leur "chambre nupciale", créent des symboles, des pensées de rêve et des pensées à partir desquelles des pensées sont créées.

Las técnicas nucleares en un enfoque no invasivo para el estudio arqueométrico de bienes culturales cubanos / Nuclear techniques in a non-invasive approach to the archeometric study of Cuban cultural heritage

RESUMEN A propósito del 500 Aniversario de la Habana, presentamos una experiencia singular desarrollada en la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad, donde físicos nucleares y radio-químicos en un ambiente multidisciplinario en el Centro Histórico de la Habana, estudian sistemáticamente bienes culturales desde el Laboratorio de Arqueometría del Gabinete de Conservación y Restauración. Se presenta una revisión sobre nuestros estudios en el campo de la Arqueometría, en las que prevalece un enfoque no invasivo desde los inicios de esta experiencia, que incluye las técnicas nucleares como protagonistas principales, y se caracteriza por la diversidad de bienes culturales examinados. Las investigaciones realizadas comprenden desarrollo de tecnologías, de metodologías específicas para la caracterización o identificación de diferentes materiales y tipos de bienes culturales y metodologías generales dedicadas a responder interrogantes de interés para la Historia del Arte y la Arqueología o relacionadas con la conservación y restauración, para finalmente realizar los estudios arqueométricos o tratamientos de conservación no invasivos de bienes culturales cubanos. Una mayor parte de estas investigaciones se han realizado in situ en los museos o lugares donde estos objetos se conservan. En la discusión se enfatizan los análisis cualitativos y los cuantitativos y las validaciones realizadas, según los requerimientos del caso de estudio. En este artículo se abordan también otras experiencias validas sobre el tema en el ámbito de colaboraciones nacionales e internacionales.

ABSTRACT On the occasion of the 500th Anniversary of Havana, we present a singular experience in the Havana City Historian's Office, where nuclear physicists and radiochemists in a multidisciplinary environment in the historic center of Havana, systematically study cultural heritage, from the Archaeometry Laboratory of the Cabinet of Conservation and Restoration. A review of our studies in the field of Archaeometry is presented, in which a non-invasive approach prevails from the beginning of this experience, which includes nuclear techniques, as main protagonists and is characterized by the diversity of cultural heritage examined. The research carried out includes the development of technologies, specific methodologies for the characterization or identification of different materials and types of cultural heritage, and general methodologies dedicated to answer questions of interest for the History of Art and Archeology or related to conservation and restoration, for eventually perform the Archaeometry studies and non-invasive conservation treatments of Cuban cultural assets. Most of these investigations have been carried out in situ, in the museums or places where these objects are conserved. In the discussion, the qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the validations are emphasized, according to the requirements of the case study. This article also addresses other valid experiences on the subject in the field of national and international collaborations.

Caracterización de materiales (pigmentos y cerámicas) para la conservación del patrimonio cultural y social en ciudad de La Habana / Characterization of materials (pigments and ceramics) for the conservation of cultural and social heritage in the city of Havana

RESUMEN Una de las direcciones de aplicación de la Ciencia de Materiales que realiza el Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear CEADEN es el apoyo mediante un grupo de técnicas físicas a la restauración y el mantenimiento de estructuras y objetos de la ciudad de La Habana, entre otras localidades de Cuba, que poseen interés artístico y social . En el presente trabajo se abordan varias aplicaciones en la caracterización de materiales para contribuir a las actividades de conservación del patrimonio cultural e histórico cubano que se encuentra en La Habana. Se presentan dos ejemplos de análisis por las técnicas de Fluorescencia de Rayos X y Difracción de rayos X de los pigmentos de obras en lienzos y de la paleta de una reconocida artista de la plástica cubana; así como el de tejas cerámicas que fueron utilizadas en la restauración de los techos de la residencia conocida como Casa Verde de 5ta Avenida en el Municipio Playa.

ABSTRACT One of the applications in Materials Science carried out at the Center for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) is the technical support through several methods used, based on applied Physics for the restoration and maintenance of structures and objects holding artistic and social relevance in Havana city. The aim of this paper is to present two examples of X -ray Fluorescence and Diffraction materials characterization, intended to support conservation and restoration activities of the Cuban cultural and historic heritage: analyzed objects were pottery roof tiles for the restoration of the mansion known as The Green House at 5th Avenue, Miramar, as well as pigments from a Cuban fine artist's canvas and palette.

Contribución a la restauración y el mantenimiento de obras de importancia histórica, cultural y social de la ciudad de La Habana / Contribution to the restoration and maintenance of works of historical, cultural and social importance of the city of Havana

RESUMEN Entre las aplicaciones de la Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales que realiza el Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear CEADEN está el apoyo mediante varias técnicas físicas a la restauración y el mantenimiento de estructuras y objetos de la ciudad de La Habana que poseen interés histórico, cultural y social . En el presente trabajo es abordado el campo de la Defectoscopía, en lo cual los Ensayos no destructivos aplicados tributaron a la restauración del patrimonio cultural, a la mejora de instalaciones deportivas de la capital y, en mayor medida, a la seguridad de instalaciones de interés social como son los parques de diversión. En ese sentido se presentan la inspección de estructuras en el marco de la restauración de la Sala Cabildo del Museo de la Ciudad de La Habana en el Palacio de los Capitanes Generales en La Habana Vieja; el diagnóstico de uniones soldadas durante la restauración de la iluminación y la instalación de la pantalla gigante del Estadio Latinoamericano del Cerro y la Inspección realizada sistemáticamente en mantenimiento a elementos críticos de equipos de los parques de diversión.

ABSTRACT Among the applications of Materials Science and Engineering carried out by the Center for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) / Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear CEADEN is the use of various physical techniques to support the restoration and maintenance of buildings and other work objects of historical, cultural and social interest in Havana city. The field of Defectoscopy is addressed in this paper, where the applied Nondestructive testings also contributed to restore the cultural heritage, to upgrade the structural conditions at an important sport facility in Havana, and in a greater extent, to the safety of facilities of social significance, such as amusement parks. In this regard, three examples are presented: the inspection of structures during the restoration of the City Hall in the Museum of the Havana City at the Palace of Captains General; the welded joints testing during the restoration of the lighting system and the installation of the digital screen at the Latin American Stadium in Cerro municipality; and finally, the inspection systematically performed at maintenance works to critical elements and related devices at amusement parks.