Résumé
Objective To explore the effects and influencing factors of traditional occupational health training on occupational health literacy (OHL) of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises. Methods A total of 540 employees from 154 micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, who participated (347 employees) and not-participated (193 employees) in traditional occupational health training, and 171 community residents/students (not-participated in occupational health training) were selected as the research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The OHL level was investigated using Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations. Results The overall OHL level of employees was 43.3% (234/540). Among them, the overall OHL level of untrained and trained employees was 38.9% and 45.8%, respectively, and the overall OHL level of community residents/students was 43.3%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the educational level, the higher the OHL level (all P<0.01). The OHL level of untrained and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). The interaction of education level and training status had no statistical difference on the OHL level of the research subjects (P>0.05). The results of factorial design analysis of variance showed that the overall OHL score rate of untrained employees and trained employees was higher than that of untrained community residents/students (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in overall OHL score rate between untrained and trained employees (P>0.05). Conclusion The role of traditional occupational health training in improving the OHL level of employees in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises needs to be improved. The responsibility of enterprise occupational health training should be implemented, and multiple measures should be taken to enrich the ways and approaches of occupational health education for enterprise employees, to effectively improve the OHL of workers.
Résumé
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are commonly reported among computer users. This study explored whether these disorders can be reduced by the provision of ergonomics education. Methods: A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in which 3 units were randomised for intervention and received training, and 3 units were given a leaflet. The effect of intervention on workstation habits, musculoskeletal disorders, days and episodes of sick leave, and psychological well-being were assessed. Results: A significant improvement in workstation habits was found, and the differences remained significant at the follow-up time point for keyboard, mouse, chair, and desk use. The largest reduction in the percentage of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck region (-42.2%, 95% CI -60.0 to -24.4). After adjusting for baseline values, significant differences were found at the follow-up time point in the neck, right shoulder, right and left upper limbs, lower back, and right and left lower limbs. No significant differences were found for the days and episodes of sick leave or the psychological well-being among workers after the intervention. Conclusion: Consistent reductions were observed for all musculoskeletal disorders at the follow-up time point, although the difference was not statistically significant for the upper back. The improvements in the musculoskeletal disorders did not translate into fewer days lost from work or improved psychological well-being.