Fully understand COVID-19 related eye damage to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment / 中华实验眼科杂志

The continuous pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world has had a profound impact on the global medical model.More accumulated new medical data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection will invade multiple organs of patients, but there is still a lack of sufficient understanding of the characteristics of ocular related lesions and their prognosis.The existing clinical data found that COVID-19-related ocular diseases mainly include ocular surface inflammatory lesions and retinopathy and choroidopathy in the posterior segment.The disease is not only an acute inflammatory reaction process, but also can lead to the pathological process of microvascular thrombosis in the retina and choroid, which may have a long-term impact on the visual prognosis of patients, especially those who were initially diagnosed as ophthalmic manifestations.Accurate diagnosis of COVID-19-related ocular diseases is a challenge for ophthalmologists.Ophthalmologists should have a deep understanding of the pathogenesis and development of SARS CoV-2 infected eyes, make use of the current multimodal ophthalmic imaging examination to reduce misdiagnosis and take timely targeted treatment measures to minimize the risk of disease damage to visual function.We suggest that clinical ophthalmologists pay attention to carry out the pathogenesis research of related diseases and multidisciplinary clinical research to reduce the blindness rate of patients with SARS CoV-2 infection and improve patients' quality of life.

Value of ocular trauma score and ocular structural parameters in the assessment of healing visual acuity from ocular trauma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the value of ocular trauma score(OTS), initial visual acuity, and ocular structural parameters in the assessment of healing visual acuity from ocular trauma.METHOD: A total of 302 cases(302 eyes)of ocular trauma were selected as subjects, which were accepted and issued clear appraisal opinions by the Academy of Forensic Science from June 2015 to June 2021. The subjects were grouped according to the healing best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)from ocular trauma. Group Ⅰ included 63 cases(63 eyes)with BCVA <3.7; Group Ⅱ included 70 cases(70 eyes)with 3.7≤ BCVA <4.5; Group Ⅲ included 78 cases(78 eyes)with 4.5≤ BCVA <4.9; Group Ⅳ included 91 cases(91 eyes)with BCVA≥4.9. In addition, 77 cases(77 healthy eyes)of ocular trauma were selected as the control group, namely Group Ⅴ. The healing BCVA and ocular structural parameters from ocular trauma and theirs correlation were analyzed, and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)model of healing visual acuity was established by the IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0.RESULTS: The initial visual acuity, OTS, the grading of corneas, lenses, and fundus, and the thickness of the retinal never fiber layer of ocular trauma patients were correlated with the healing BCVA(P<0.01). There were significant differences in ocular structural parameters among groups, except the central subfield thickness(P<0.001). The SVM model had higher accuracy of predicting healing visual acuity than the RF model, and the accuracy rate was over 80% when the error was within 0.15.CONCLUSION:OTS and ocular structural examination can provide effective information for the clinical forensic medicine appraisal of visual dysfunction after ocular trauma, and they are valuable in discriminating camouflage of visual dysfunction.

Afectación ocular en la enfermedad injerto contra huésped / Ocular damage in graft-versus-host disease

RESUMEN El trasplante alogénico de precursores hematopoyéticos está indicado en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos de la sangre, sobre todo en las neoplasias malignas. La enfermedad injerto contra huésped es la complicación principal de los trasplantes alogénicos de órganos hematopoyéticos. Es una enfermedad inmunológica provocada por la interacción entre el donante y el receptor, mediante respuestas innatas y adaptativas. Con gran frecuencia afecta la piel y el sistema gastrointestinal. Diferentes pueden ser las manifestaciones oculares, pero son las alteraciones de la superficie ocular las más frecuentes. Los cambios en la superficie ocular pueden provocar ceguera. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento precoz mejoran el pronóstico. Además del tratamiento general de la enfermedad es necesario instaurar medidas específicas para controlar las alteraciones oculares. Se realizó una revisión sobre los artículos publicados con el objetivo de conocer sobre la enfermedad injerto contra huésped y su afectación ocular(AU)

ABSTRACT Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic precursors is indicated in the treatment of various blood disorders, particularly malignant neoplasms. Graft-versus-host disease is the main complication of allogeneic transplants of hematopoietic organs. GVHD is an immunological condition caused by the interaction between the donor and the recipient manifested as innate and adaptive responses. It very often affects the skin and the gastrointestinal system. A variety of ocular manifestations may also occur, the most common of which are ocular surface alterations. Changes in the ocular surface may cause blindness. Early diagnosis and treatment improve prognosis. Besides the general treatment of the disease it is necessary to implement specific measures to control ocular alterations. A review was conducted of published papers on the topic to become acquainted with graft-versus-host disease and the ocular damage it causes(AU)

Skin burn and ocular damage by calcium oxide (virgin lime) in swines / Queimadura de pele e lesão ocular por óxido de cálcio (cal virgem) em suínos

An outbreak of skin burn and ocular damage by calcium oxide in swines is reported. The outbreak occurred in a rural property located in the municipality of Iuiu, Western Bahia, during the transport of 60 pigs from a recreation farm to a fattening farm. The observed macroscopic lesions were erythematous areas; formation of papules, vesicles, and in some cases, there was the formation of firm, parched, high brown plaques and in other cases detachment and loss of skin. His eyes were dull. Histological analysis of the skin revealed areas of necrosis of focally extensive clotting of the epidermis, and dermis, delimited in the paniculus, by cellular debris and rare neutrophils. Corneal necrosis with perforated ulcer formation, superficial epithelial necrosis, edema, and neutrophil infiltration of the cornea adjacent to the ulcer were revealed in the eye.(AU)

Descreve-se um surto de queimadura de pele e lesão ocular por óxido de cálcio (cal virgem) em suínos. O surto ocorreu em uma propriedade rural localizada no município de Iuiu, região Oeste da Bahia, durante o transporte de 60 suínos de uma granja de recria para uma granja de engorda. Macroscopicamente foi evidenciado que na pele dos suínos havia áreas eritematosas, formação de pápulas, vesículas, e em alguns casos havia a formação de placas elevadas marrom firmes, ressequidas e em outros casos desprendimento e perda da pele. Os olhos estavam opacos. Na microscopia da pele observaram-se áreas de necrose de coagulação focalmente extensa da epiderme, e derme, delimitadas no panículo, por restos celulares e raros neutrófilos. No olho observou-se necrose da córnea com formação de úlcera perfurada, necrose do epitélio superficial, edema e infiltração de neutrófilos na córnea adjacente a úlcera.(AU)

Characteristics and impact factors of ocular damage effects induced by transitional near-infrared laser:a review / 军事医学

The transitional near-infrared (NIR) laser was defined as ranging from 1.3μm to 1.4μm, within which the most sensitive tissue to laser damage changed from the retina to the cornea.The ocular damage effect has attracted much attention due to the increased varieties and output power of laser in this spectrum region in recent years.Compared with visible and mid-and-far infrared wavelengths, the ocular damage effect induced by transitional NIR wavelengths has many peculiarities and impact factors due to the bulk absorptionby ocular media.This paper reviews the existing ocular damage threshold data and analyzes the characteristics, impact factors and unresolved issues relating to ocular effects induced by laser radiation over the transition zone.