Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding secondary survey of trauma patients among trauma nursing officers

Background: Secondary survey is crucial for quickly and methodically evaluating damaged patients from head to toe, discovering any injuries that were underlooked in the first survey, and quickly and methodically evaluating polytrauma patients when it's unclear what's causing their symptoms. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of secondary survey in nursing officers in AIIMS Rishikesh. Methods: This pre-experimental (one group pre-test and post test research) study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme. 30 minutes of secondary survey class followed by demonstration of same. Using non- probability convenient sampling technique, total of 133 nursing officers were selected from Trauma Center of AIIMS Rishikesh. Self structured questionnaire was given to participants and practice was assessed using practice checklist. Results: The pre-test and post-test mean knowledge was found 14.08 and 18.40 and mean practice was 12.51 and 31.11 indicating the enhancement of knowledge and practice (tcal 130.28 >t table1.98 at p <0.05). Difference between pre-test knowledge (14.08±2.455) and Pre-test practice (12.51±5.188) indicate adequate knowledge with inadequate practice. Conclusions: The study concluded that the secondary survey knowledge and practice improves with adequate guidance and information. So, there is need for regular training session for trauma nursing officers to sustain this information and practice enhancement can be done by regularly implementing practice checklist in documentation.

A study to assess the effectiveness of clinical teaching on the level of knowledge regarding nursing care bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia among ICU nursing officers at AIIMS Bhopal

Background: Healthcare is a professional area bound to the ethical foundation of “do no harm.”, But in the current scenario, a rush to promote the curative scenario has led to the total downplay of the preventive aspect of care. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding nursing care bundle for the prevention of VAP among nursing officers before and after clinical teaching and to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical teaching. Methods: This pretest-post-test study was conducted on nursing officers working in the ICU of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 100 nursing officers were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. The self-structured tool was validated by 10 experts with a mean CVI value of 0.94. The reliability of the self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and found to be 0.87. The collected data was analysed for frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and association. Results: Findings showed that the mean knowledge score was 18.46±3.543 before intervention. After the intervention of video-assisted clinical teaching, a post-test was conducted, and the mean post-test knowledge scores was 25.07±2.801 at the p value <0.01. Knowledge of subjects about nursing care bundle for prevention of VAP was found to have a significant association with only educational qualification. Conclusions: This study's findings concluded that educational interventions are necessary for the enhancement of knowledge and better compliance of nursing officers with guidelines regarding the bundle of care for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Construcciones identitarias en gendarmes: un enfoque de género / Identity constructions in gendarmes: a gender perspective / Construções de identidade em gendarmes: uma abordagem de gênero

Objetivo: Se presenta un análisis sobre la identidad organizacional y el rol ocupacional de los y las gendarmes pertenecientes al Centro de Detención Preventiva Santiago Sur desde el concepto de "trabajo sucio" y una perspectiva de género. Metodología: Se realizaron diez entrevistas semiestructuradas a gendarmes ­cinco gendarmes hombres y cinco gendarmes mujeres­ en cuanto a su rol e identidad organizacional, ocupacional, profesional y personal. Resultados: Se verificaron diferencias de género en cuanto a la configuración de sus identidades personales y ocupacionales, situación que no es replicada en el plano de sus identidades organizacionales y profesionales, que tienden a compartir. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en la forma en la que los y las gendarmes desarrollan su identidad personal, y que radican principalmente en la relevancia que atribuyen a los roles e identidades asociadas con la vida familiar. En cuanto a las restantes dimensiones identitarias, se identificaron importantes similitudes en cuanto a valores y creencias que los sujetos expresan y vivencian; estas parecen vincularse a prácticas y a una cultura tradicional y conservadora institucional en materia de género. Alcance: La investigación es de carácter exploratorio y busca aportar antecedentes empíricos sobre los cuales basar futuras investigaciones en este campo.

Objective: An analysis is presented on the organisational identity and occupational role of the gendarmes belonging to the Santiago Sur Preventive Detention Centre from the concept of "dirty work" and a gender perspective. Methodology: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with gendarmes -five male gendarmes and five female gendarmes- regarding their organisational, occupational, professional and personal roles and identities. Results: Gender differences were found in the configuration of their personal and occupational identities, a situation that is not replicated in their organisational and professional identities, which tend to be shared by both gendarmes and gendarmes. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the way in which gendarmes develop their personal identities, which lie mainly in the relevance they attribute to the roles and identities associated with family life. As for the remaining identity dimensions, important similarities were identified in terms of the values and beliefs that the subjects express and experience; these seem to be linked to traditional and conservative institutional gender practices and culture. Scope: The research is exploratory in nature and seeks to provide empirical background on which to base future research in this field.

Objetivo: Apresenta-se uma análise da identidade organizacional e do papel ocupacional dos gendarmes pertencentes ao Centro de Detenção Preventiva Santiago Sur a partir do conceito de "trabalho sujo" e de uma perspectiva de gênero. Metodologia: Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com policiais - cinco homens e cinco mulheres - sobre seus papéis e identidades organizacionais, ocupacionais, profissionais e pessoais. Resultados: Foram verificadas diferenças de gênero em termos da configuração de suas identidades pessoais e ocupacionais, uma situação que não se repete no nível de suas identidades organizacionais e profissionais, que elas tendem a compartilhar. Conclusões: Existem diferenças significativas na forma como os gendarmes desenvolvem suas identidades pessoais, que residem principalmente na relevância que atribuem aos papéis e identidades associados à vida familiar. Quanto às demais dimensões da identidade, foram identificadas semelhanças importantes em termos dos valores e crenças que os sujeitos expressam e vivenciam, que parecem estar ligados às práticas e à cultura de gênero institucionais tradicionais e conservadoras. Escopo: A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória e busca fornecer antecedentes empíricos que sirvam de base para futuras pesquisas nesse campo

Study on difference in blood cell analysis of male officers and soldiers between at high altitude station and low altitude station in summer / 重庆医学

Objective To study the differences in the blood cell analysis of male officers and soldiers be-tween in the high altitude area station and low altitude area station in summer.Methods A total of 239 male officers and soldiers in the high altitude area(Amdo Xizang,average altitude 4 800 m)and 336 male officers and soldiers in the low altitude area(Nanjing,Jiangsu,average altitude 30 m)from July 18 to 24,2022 were selected as the study subjects and the differences in blood cell analysis parameters of male officers and soldiers stationed between at high altitude and low altitude areas were retrospectively analyzed.Results The eosino-phils percentage(EDS％),eosinophils count(EOS)in the high altitude group were significantly lower than thosein the low altitude group(P＜0.05),and the basophillic granulocyte percentage(BASO％),basophillic granulo-cyte count(BASO)and monocyte percentage(MONO％)were significantly higher than those in the low alti-tude group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),but which in the both groups were in the normal reference ranges.The red blood cell count(RBC)hemoglobin(Hb)and hematocrit(HCT)in the high altitude group were significantly higher than those in the low altitude group(P＜0.05),moreover Hb and HCT in the high altitude group were in the upper limit of the medical reference range.The mean corpus-cular volume(MCV),mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH),mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)and red blood cell distribution width-standard diviation(RDW-SD)in the high altitude group were lower than those in the low-altitude group(P＜0.05),but the both groups were in the normal reference ran-ges;there was no statistically significant difference in the erythrocyte distribution width coefficient of variation(RDW-CV)between the two groups(P＞0.05).The platelet(PLT)and thrombocytocrit(PCT)in the high altitude group were higher than those in the low altitude group,the platelet distribution width(PDW),mean platelet volume(MPV)and platelet large cell ratio(P-LCR)were lower than those in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);PDW in the low-altitude group was at the upper limit of the medical reference range,and the other platelet-related indexes were in the normal range.Conclusion There are obvious differences in the blood cell analysis indicators of male officers and soldiers be-tween the high altitude area and low altitude area.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among applicants for recruitment into Nigeria police force in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria

Background: Police officers are likely to have blood-borne virus exposure like hepatitis B virus, while on duty. It is important to know the hepatitis B status of applicants at entry point of recruitment into the force to avoid employing applicants that can spread the virus to the citizens. This study determined the prevalence of hepatitis B infection among applicants for recruitment into the Nigerian police force in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 applicants from 30 LGAs in Osun State, selected using a multistage sampling technique, research data was aloof from the recruitments’ exercise registers and records, univariate, bivariate and multivariate were done using IBM SPSS version 25.0 and statistical level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22.08±2.428. The Prevalence of HBV was 43.6%. There was a statistically significant association between the applicants' HBV status and their socio-demographic status p=0.014. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that: applicants from Ila, Ede north and Irewole LGAs are eight times less likely to have hepatitis B virus (OR: 0.124 and 0.120), those from Ejigbo and Isokan LGAs are seven times less likely to have HBV (OR: 0.135 and 0.132) and applicants from Odo-Otin LGA of Osun state are eleven times less likely to have HBV (OR: 0.088) compared to other local governments areas. Conclusions: More than two-fifths of the applicants were tested positive for HBV, this proportion cannot be overlooked as they could exposed colleague, or citizen to the infection.

Derecho a la defensa de funcionarios policiales inmersos en procesos penales por actos de servicio en Venezuela / Right to defence of police officers involved in criminal proceedings for acts of service in Venezuela / Direito à defesa dos policiais envolvidos em processos criminais por atos de serviço na Venezuela

El derecho a la defensa es una garantía que forma parte del debido proceso de conformidad con lo pautado en la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Los funcionarios que forman parte de los órganos policiales colaboran con el Ministerio Público en la persecución de hechos delictivos, y en el ejercicio de sus funciones pueden incurrir en conductas que den lugar a la instrucción de procedimientos en su contra, por lo que la investigación analizó el derecho a la defensa de funcionarios policiales en procesos por actos de servicio en la Policía del Estado Mérida. Se realizó un estudio de campo, descriptivo, cualitativo y se aplicó un cuestionario contentivo de diez preguntas con varias alternativas de respuestas a una muestra de 50 personas. Los resultados permitieron inferir que las situaciones de servicio se generan principalmente por aprehensiones en flagrancia y procedimientos de captura, en cuyo cumplimiento los funcionarios pueden incurrir en irregularidades que den lugar a la apertura de investigaciones disciplinarias y penales, razón por la cual se requiere de una defensa pública especializada. Se concluyó que el derecho a la defensa se hará valer en las instancias administrativas y jurisdiccionales, y se recomienda la puesta en funcionamiento de la Defensoría Pública con competencia en materia penal policial.

The right to a defence is a guarantee that forms part of due process in accordance with the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Police officers collaborate with the Public Prosecutor's Office in the prosecution of criminal acts, and in the exercise of their duties may engage in conduct that may lead to proceedings being brought against them. For this reason, the research analysed the right to defence of police officers involved in proceedings for acts of service in the Mérida State Police. A descriptive, qualitative field study was carried out and a questionnaire containing ten questions with several alternative answers was applied to a sample of 50 people. The results allowed us to infer that service situations are mainly generated by apprehensions in flagrante delicto and arrest procedures, in which officials may incur in irregularities that lead to the opening of disciplinary and criminal investigations, which is why specialised public defence is required. It was concluded that the right to defence should be asserted in administrative and jurisdictional instances, and it is recommended that a Public Defence Office with competence in police criminal matters be set up.

O direito à defesa é uma garantia que faz parte do devido processo legal, de acordo com a Constituição da República Bolivariana da Venezuela. Os funcionários que fazem parte dos órgãos policiais colaboram com o Ministério Público a persecução de fatos delituosos e, no exercício de suas funções, podem ter condutas que podem levar à instauração de processos contra eles. Por essa razão, na pesquisa, foi analisado o direito de defesa dos policiais em processos por atos de serviço na Polícia Estadual de Mérida. Foi realizado um estudo de campo descritivo e qualitativo e um questionário com 10 perguntas com várias alternativas de resposta foi aplicado a uma amostra de 50 pessoas. Os resultados permitiram inferir que as situações de serviço são geradas principalmente por apreensões em flagrante delito e procedimentos de prisão, nos quais os agentes podem incorrer em irregularidades que levam à abertura de investigações disciplinares e criminais, razão pela qual é necessária a defesa pública especializada. Concluiu-se que o direito de defesa deve ser afirmado nas instâncias administrativas e jurisdicionais, sendo recomendada a criação da Defensoria Pública com competência em matéria penal policial.

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the distribution, prevalence and its associated factors among police officers and security agents

Security agents and emergency responders are significant in ensuring the safety and security which lie at the heart of the prosperity of any nation, the relevance of exploring the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among these populations, especially police officers increase progressively due to the growth. In this review, it had been described that there was a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among police officers and other emergency responders, and their associated factors were equally explored. A total of 23 most relevant articles was included, which followed the preferred reporting for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The general concepts and topics enclosed by PRISMA were all relevant to any systematic review, a fast systematic review of all articles published between 2013 and 2022 employing databases such as PubMed, Google scholar and other online databases was conducted. Included research covered studies involving hypertension, diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among emergency responders. 19,377 studies were collected and 23 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, incusing cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and longitudinal, descriptive and quantitative observational studies. Studies show that prevalence was high for both variables and age, being a male, rest, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption were the significant associated factors among these working groups. Regular health screening and encouragement of healthy lifestyles are recommended.

Telemedicine use and perspectives of municipal health officers in the Cordillera Administrative Region during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background@#Telemedicine has proven essential during COVID-19. However, concerns remain about the rural municipalities in the country such as those from the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), wherein perceived barriers by Municipal Health Officers (MHOs) include poor internet connectivity and inadequacy of the current telemedicine service.@*Objective@#This study aimed to assess the extent of Telemedicine use and perspectives in terms of perception, attitudes and perceived barriers among MHOs in CAR during COVID-19.@*Methods@#This is an analytical cross-sectional study that used a validated online questionnaire to 62 MHOs and DTTBs in CAR. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic factors and physician perceptions and attitudes on the extent of Telemedicine use.@*Results@#Most MHOs use Telemedicine frequently in their practice for 0-1 year during COVID-19. There is no significant effect of sociodemographic factors to the extent of Telemedicine use except for IT expertise which had a negative influence on the extent of use [prevalence (p=0.011), frequency (p=0.013), length of use (p=0.044)]. Generally, MHOs agree that telemedicine is beneficial for them in performing consults with a positive effect on frequency (p=0.004) and length of use (p=0.009). There is positive attitude towards telemedicine, however, with no significant effect on extent of use (p=0.352, p=1.00, p=0.484). Compromised decision-making and network issues are the most prevalent perceived barriers that limit MHOs to practice Telemedicine. @*Conclusion and Recommendation@#This study showed that during COVID-19, there is good utilization of Telemedicine among MHOs in CAR. MHOs perceive Telemedicine as beneficial in their work and positive attitude remains. However, presence of barriers makes them apprehensive to fully incorporate it in their practice. Study results can contribute to policy-making on telemedicine as it is a key player in e- health to improve access to healthcare services in the attainment of the goal of Universal Healthcare.

Innovative strategies developed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on polio surveillance in Nigeria, 2020

Introduction: following the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic to Nigeria, the Federal Government of Nigeria restricted human and vehicular movements to curb the spread of the disease. This action had a negative impact on Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance, with a resultant reduction in the number of AFP cases reported. This paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poliovirus surveillance in Nigeria and the proactive interventions by Nigeria´s polio program to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on polio surveillance. Methods: nine innovative strategies were implemented in all 774 Local Government Areas (LGA) of the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of the country. These strategies were developed by the national surveillance officers and operationalized by sub-national surveillance officers with different strategies starting at different epidemiological weeks from week 14 to 23, 2020. Many of the strategy innovations were technology-based and included: the use of mobile phones to send the AFP case definition and video by WhatsApp or by SMS, the use of state-specific toll-free numbers and Mobile Telephone Network (MTN) (mobile service provider) CallerfeelTM to community informants (CI) who were the main targets of the interventions to increase case detection and reporting. Others included the use of abridged e-surveillance integrated supportive supervision (ISS) checklists, virtual monthly DSNO meetings, and batched AFP stool specimen transportation network. Results: compared to the same period in 2019, the cumulative rate of AFP case detection and reporting had gradually declined from 39.1% in January to 16.7% before the commencement of the interventions in week 20, 2020. However, the detection and reporting increased by 57.% from week 20 to week 47 compared to the same period in 2019. This is because with COVID-19, hospital visitation dropped, and the sick remained in the communities, so the CI network was relied on to detect and report AFP cases. The cumulative proportion of AFP cases reported by community informants as of week 47 increased from 13% in 2018 to 21% in 2020. This indicates an increase of 38%. Thirty-five AFP cases were detected and reported using the MTN Caller Feel strategy, while 15 cases were reported through state-specific toll-free numbers. Conclusion: the implementation of the innovative strategies was able to mitigate the low AFP case detection and reporting observed at the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of technology facilitated reaching the CI network, which was more instrumental in detecting and reporting the cases.

Análise ergonômica do trabalho de policiais civis da polícia especializada do Ceará: um estudo de caso / Ergonomic analysis of the work of civilian policemen of the specialized police of Ceará: a case study / Análisis ergonómico del trabajo de los policías civiles de la policía especializada de Ceará: un estudio de caso

Introdução: a dinâmica laboral, os fatores ambientais e a individualidade de enfrentamento nos postos de trabalho podem influenciar o surgimento de alterações físicas e psicológicas nos indivíduos. Objetivo: identificar os riscos ergonômicos de policiais de uma Unidade Especializada da Polícia Civil do Estado do Ceará. Métodos: trata de um estudo de caso no qual foi realizada uma Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, de forma qualitativa e multidisciplinar, de três policiais civis, considerando quatro posições diferentes: posição ortostática com seu equipamento de proteção individual e de exercício laboral; posição de prontidão de tiro; posição de descanso, alerta em operação e fora da operação; e posição ortostática em operação. A análise foi realizada por meio de cinco etapas: análise da demanda; análise da tarefa; análise da atividade; diagnóstico; e recomendações, sendo avaliados o peso dos equipamentos, sobrecargas musculares e articulares e compensações posturais oriundas do exercício das atividades laborais. Resultados: foi detectada elevada carga de peso dos equipamentos, levando a desvios posturais. Os policiais também apresentaram condutas posturais viciosas na execução das atividades. Conclusão: alterações e vícios posturais precisam ser solucionadas visando o cuidado com a saúde dos policiais, de modo a evitar afastamentos para tratamento de saúde. Recomendações foram propostas.

Introduction: the labor dynamics, the environmental factors and the individuality of confrontation at workstations may influence the emergence of physical and psychological alterations in individuals. Objective: to identify the ergonomic risks of policemen of a Specialized Unit of the Civil Police of the State of Ceará. Methods: this is a case study in which a qualitative and multidisciplinary Ergonomic Analysis of Work was carried out on three civilian policemen, considering four different positions: orthostatic position with their individual protection equipment and work exercise; shooting readiness position; resting position, alert in operation and out of operation; and orthostatic position in operation. The analysis was conducted through five stages: demand analysis; task analysis; activity analysis; diagnosis; and recommendations, evaluating the weight of the equipment, muscle and joint overloads and postural compensations arising from the exercise of labor activities. Results: a high weight load of the equipment was detected, leading to postural deviations. The policemen also presented vicious postural behaviors in the execution of their activities. Conclusion: postural alterations and addictions need to be solved in order to take care of the policemen's health, so as to avoid absence for health treatment. Recommendations were proposed.

Introducción: la dinámica laboral, los factores ambientales y la individualidad del enfrentamiento en los puestos de trabajo pueden influir en la aparición de alteraciones físicas y psicológicas en los individuos. Objetivo: identificar los riesgos ergonómicos de los policías de una Unidad Especializada de la Policía Civil del Estado de Ceará. Método: se trata de un estudio de caso en el que se realizó un Análisis Ergonómico del Trabajo cualitativo y multidisciplinar a tres policías civiles, considerando cuatro posiciones diferentes: posición ortostática con su equipo de protección individual y ejercicio de trabajo; posición de preparación para el tiro; posición de descanso, alerta en operación y fuera de operación; y posición ortostática en operación. El análisis se realizó a través de cinco etapas: análisis de la demanda; análisis de la tarea; análisis de la actividad; diagnóstico; y recomendaciones, evaluando el peso del equipo, las sobrecargas musculares y articulares y las compensaciones posturales derivadas del ejercicio de las actividades laborales. Resultados: se detectó una elevada carga de peso del equipo, lo que provocó desviaciones posturales. Los policías también presentaron comportamientos posturales viciosos en la ejecución de sus actividades. Conclusión: las alteraciones posturales y las adicciones necesitan ser solucionadas para cuidar de la salud de los policías, de forma a evitar ausencias para tratamiento sanitario. Se propusieron recomendaciones.

Repercussões para o trabalho, a saúde e as relações familiares dos policiais feridos por arma de fogo em face / Repercussions on work, health and family relationships of police officers wounded by gunshot to the face

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar o perfil dos pacientes operados em decorrência de ferimentos na face por arma de fogo (FAF), a distribuição anatômica destes ferimentos e conhecer as repercussões sobre a saúde, o trabalho e as relações familiares dos policiais atingidos. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo a partir de dados secundários referentes aos policiais militares que foram operados no Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro em decorrência de FAF em face, no período de junho de 2003 a dezembro de 2020 (N=87). Agregam-se dados de abordagem qualitativa oriundas de respostas abertas e fechadas fruto de aplicação de questionário (N=37) posteriormente aos ferimentos, indagando sobre as repercussões do acidente violento vivido para o exercício do trabalho, na família e para a saúde do policial. O perfil dos policiais operados evidencia: sexo masculino, idade média de 34,9 anos, praças e feridos em serviço. As fraturas mandibulares foram as mais encontradas. Houve piora nas condições de saúde física após os ferimentos com aumento de casos de hipertensão, insônia (59,4%) e cefaleia (51,3%). Os danos nas relações familiares demonstraram uma maior tendência de autoisolamento do policial e sentimento de medo vivenciada por seus parentes.

Abstract This article aims to identify the profile of police officers who underwent surgery due to gunshot wounds to the face, to survey the anatomical distribution of injuries and the repercussions on their health, work and family relationships. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study based on secondary data of police officers who underwent surgery at the Central Military Police Hospital of the state of Rio de Janeiro due to gunshot wounds to the face from June 2003 to December 2020 (N=87). We also adopted a qualitative approach by applying a questionnaire with open and closed questions (N=37) to survey repercussions of the violent event on police officers' work, families and health. The profile of police officers who underwent surgery showed that they were exclusively males, aged 34.9 years on average, privates, and injured in the line of duty. Fractures of the mandibular region were the most frequent injuries. After the accident, physical health conditions of police officers deteriorated, including an increase in cases of hypertension, a high frequency of insomnia (59.4%), and headache (51.3%). Damaged family relationship included an increasing trend of self-isolation and a feeling of fear experienced by police officers' family members.

Job Burnout Assessment Among Officer Grade Bank Employees of Meerut District

Background: India is in a transitioning state and so is it’s banking sector with wide socioeconomic differences and rapidly growing economy. In order to ensure smooth implementation of these policies, bank employees in banks are required to put in extra labor and hours of work and the fact that policies keep on changing time to time are a constant stressors in bank employees which may lead to burnout. Methods and Material: This was cross sectional study carried out among of Officer grade bank employees of urban block Meerut district situated in Uttar Pradesh. A total of 216 samples were collected through self-designed and semi structured questionnaire which included socio demographic profile and Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ) for assessing burnout. The simple random sampling technique was applied through computer random tables method for selection of banks and data was analyzed through SPSS19 and Microsoft excel .Results: 19.4% bank officers have pathological burnout and 55.1% of bank officers who are at brink of developing burnout. Conclusions: The Physical fatigue factor was found to be the least responsible for burnout in our study and the prevalence of burnout was found significantly more among married bank officers, living with nuclear type of family.

Medical officer's perspectives and professional challenges in handling poisoning cases in rural India

Introduction: Poisoning is a significant public health problem in developing countries, more so in rural areas. Very little is known about the treatment available for poisoning cases in the context of rural health care provision in India. This study explores the perceptions of the primary health care medical officers regarding the management of poisoning cases. Material and Methods: A semistructured, self-designed survey form was used to interview the medical officers in Pune district. The interview focused on understanding rural hospital settings in terms of infrastructure, available facilities, and medical officers' perception of professional challenges in the management of poisoning cases. Results: Underreporting of poisoning cases in these primary health centers (PHCs) and transferring to higher hospitals without basic first aid provided was noted through interviews. Conclusion: Medical officers in rural PHCs lack the necessary training and knowledge required for the management of poisonings which is further worsened by lack of resources. There is a need to focus on poison management in continuous medical education. Training programs and education for medical officers are needs of the hour.

The attitude of Brazilian federal police officers towards firearms / La actitud de los agentes de la Policía Federal brasileña en relación con las armas de fuego / A atitude de policiais Federais brasileiros em relação às armas de fogo

Abstract This research deals with one of the most problematic themes in the Brazilian public security agenda, firearm control. Since the publication of the Statute of the Disarmament in 2003, the Federal Police (FP) has been responsible for controlling firearm possession of the civilian population. Thus, FP officers become central players in firearm control policies in Brazil. In this research, we investigate the attitude of Brazilian FP officers towards firearms and what explains this attitude. We collected data from 800 police officers from different positions working in all regions of the country. The results show that police officers believe that firearm possession is an individual right, but firearms do not protect against crime. The results also show that the officers' attitude towards firearms is influenced by their position and their experience with firearms. The article presents the study's implications for management theory and practice.

Resumen Esta investigación aborda uno de los temas más problemáticos de la agenda de seguridad pública brasileña, el control de armas de fuego. Desde la publicación del Estatuto de Desarme, en 2003, la Policía Federal (PF) se ha encargado de controlar la tenencia y porte de armas de fuego por parte de la población civil. Así, los oficiales de la PF se convierten en actores centrales de las políticas de control de armas de fuego en Brasil. Investigamos la actitud de los oficiales de la PF brasileña hacia las armas de fuego y qué explica esta actitud. Recopilamos datos de 800 policías de diferentes cargos y que operan en todas las regiones del país. Los resultados muestran que los agentes de policía creen que la tenencia de armas de fuego es un derecho individual, pero que las armas no protegen contra el crimen. Los resultados también muestran que la actitud de los policías hacia las armas de fuego está influenciada por el cargo que ocupa y por la experiencia del policía con las armas de fuego. Al final, se presentan las implicaciones del estudio para la teoría y la práctica de la gestión.

Resumo Esta pesquisa trata de um dos temas mais problemáticos da agenda da segurança pública brasileira, o controle de armas de fogo. Desde a publicação do Estatuto do Desarmamento, em 2003, a Polícia Federal (PF) é responsável pelo controle da posse e porte de armas de fogo pela população civil. Assim, os oficiais da PF passaram a ser atores centrais nas políticas de controle de armas de fogo no Brasil. Nesta pesquisa, investigamos a atitude dos oficiais brasileiros de PF em relação às armas de fogo e o que explica essa atitude. Coletamos dados de 800 policiais, de diferentes cargos e atuantes em todas as regiões do país. Os resultados mostram que os policiais acreditam que possuir armas de fogo é um direito individual, mas que a arma não protege contra o crime. Os resultados também mostram que a atitude dos policiais em relação às armas de fogo é influenciada pelo cargo ocupado na PF e pela experiência do policial com armas de fogo. Ao final, são apresentadas as implicações do estudo para a teoria e prática gerencial.

Alternate careers for medical graduates and house officers in Malaysia

@#Introduction: In recent years, many unresolved issues pertaining to house officers in Malaysia have led to a longer waiting time and a ‘glut’ of medical graduates with a surprising 20% dropout amongst those who join the housemanship programme. This appears to reflect the changing times, mindsets and work expectations of millennials who comprise this cohort reflecting a need to consider possibilities of career shifts especially so in these uncertain times. This study explores the perceptions, awareness and interest in alternative career options amongst recent graduates and house officers. Materials and Methods: This was a study done between 2018 and 2019 using a questionnaire which was shared on various social platforms. Data analysis was done using Excel spreadsheet. Results: A total of 450 house officers and 657 medical graduates responded. Expectedly 66.8% claimed lifelong passion whilst another 12.1% claimed family influence as their reason to do medicine. Most were aware of their career challenges and 40% of them were keen to consider career change and reskilling indicating a possible shift from traditional expectations of a medical career. Conclusion: Whilst medicine is often considered a true calling, current challenges will require mental and emotional flexibility to explore other career opportunities. Thus, engagement programmes should be directed at medical graduates and house officers to identify and support those open to career transitions. This will help address current issues of internship bottleneck and rising dropout rates amongst internees. Early career change engagements will give them insight into their true career goals whilst opening up opportunities for those who wish to change.

Detection and correlative factors of salivary occult blood in police officers / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To study the risk factors of salivary occult blood in Tianjin public security police, and to explore feasible oral preventive and health care measures for police officers.Methods:The public security officers from all districts and counties of Tianjin who had physical examinations at the Health Examination Center of Tianjin Public Security Hospital from March 2012 to November 2012 were selected as the research objects. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to draw samples of 388 cases. The salivary occult blood test paper was used to detect salivary occult blood. Then the self-designed "Tianjin public security police periodontal health questionnaire" was used to collect the relevant data of the subjects, and univariate analysis and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis were carried out.Results:The univariate analysis result showed that salivary occult blood was significant correlated with age, police species, history of gingival bleeding, history of halitosis, history of alcohol consumption, family history and soft food preference (all P<0.005), but it was not correlated with education level, a regular oral examination, times of brushing teeth every day, time of brushing teeth every time, smoking history, hard food preference, sweet tooth preference and carbonated drinks preference(all P>0.05). Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis result showed that criminal police, age, history of gingival bleeding, halitosis, smoking history were risk factors for periodontal disease, and brushing time of 2~3 minutes was protective factor for periodontal disease. Conclusions:The public security police lack the knowledge of oral health care and have not formed good daily oral health habits. Medical workers should carry out targeted oral health education to improve the awareness of the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.

Work-related Quality of Life and Its Associated Factors Among House Officers Working at Two Hospitals in Selangor

@#Introduction: Mental health-related problems are on the rise among medical doctors, with many house officers (HOs) have quitted training prematurely owing to work and life-related factors. However, the quality of work-life (QOWL) among Malaysian HOs remains unknown. Hence, we aimed to determine the mean score of QOWL and its predictors among HOs working at two tertiary hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Selangor, between May and August 2019. A stratified random sampling was employed. The Malay version of work-related quality of life scale (M-WRQLS-2) and the patient health questionnaire (M-PHQ-9) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 23.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL). Results: A total of 260 (72.9%) respondents completed the questionnaires. The overall score of QOWL was 3.05 ± 0.48 (95% CI: 2.99, 3.11). Depressed HOs had a significantly lower mean score across all subscales (p < 0.005) except for the stress at work (SAW) subscale. Two predictors were inversely associated with QOWL. These were the M-PHQ-9 score [β= -0.049,95% CI: -0.06, -0.04] and being female [β=-0.129,95% CI: -0.24, -0.02]. Conclusion: HOs who worked at the two hospitals in Selangor perceived their overall QOWL as average. However, being female and having depression were found to be associated with lower QOWL. Therefore, early interventions targeting female HOs and those with depressive symptoms are warranted. Further research and strategies aiming to improve the overall quality of work-life and its dimensions for HOs during housemanship training are vital.

Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Trainee Community Health Officers in A Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

To evaluate the oral health-related knowledge and practices of trainee Community Health Officers. A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted using total population purposive sampling method with a self-administered questionnaire on 70 community health officer's trainees at the centre for training community health officers. Sixty-two trainees (response rate of 88.6%) participated made up of year one (45.2%) and year two 54.8%. %). Mean age of 33.5 years (SD=8.65). By gender, females 90.3% were more than males 9.7% while privately sponsored (53.2%) were more than government-sponsored 38.7% A majority had knowledge of Caries (98.4%), Periodontal disease (93.5%) and Oral cancer (96.8%). Year two trainees had more knowledge about periodontal diseases 54.8% compared to year one 38.5% (p<0.05). Most respondents (91.1%) reported dental visit to be important with 87.1% of the opinion that the visit should not be for pain only; 38.7% felt that dental treatment was expensive. More privately sponsored (51.5%) compared to government-sponsored (20.8%) felt that dental treatment was expensive (p<0.05). only 11.3% had visited the dentist in the past six months with dental experience gum bleeding (8.1%), dental caries (8.1%), and tooth sensitivity (21%). A majority (85.5%) rated their oral health to be good. The study showed that community health officer trainees have a good knowledge of oral diseases with the year two trainees demonstrating a better knowledge of caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer and self-rated oral health. Their role in oral health promotion programs at the Primary Health Care level should be encouraged to reduce the burden of oral health diseases in the community.

Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among Trainee Community Health Officers in A Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

To evaluate the oral health-related knowledge and practices of trainee Community Health Officers. A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted using total population purposive sampling method with a self-administered questionnaire on 70 community health officer's trainees at the centre for training community health officers. Sixty-two trainees (response rate of 88.6%) participated made up of year one (45.2%) and year two 54.8%. %). Mean age of 33.5 years (SD=8.65). By gender, females 90.3% were more than males 9.7% while privately sponsored (53.2%) were more than government-sponsored 38.7% A majority had knowledge of Caries (98.4%), Periodontal disease (93.5%) and Oral cancer (96.8%). Year two trainees had more knowledge about periodontal diseases 54.8% compared to year one 38.5% (p<0.05). Most respondents (91.1%) reported dental visit to be important with 87.1% of the opinion that the visit should not be for pain only; 38.7% felt that dental treatment was expensive. More privately sponsored (51.5%) compared to government-sponsored (20.8%) felt that dental treatment was expensive (p<0.05). only 11.3% had visited the dentist in the past six months with dental experience gum bleeding (8.1%), dental caries (8.1%), and tooth sensitivity (21%). A majority (85.5%) rated their oral health to be good. The study showed that community health officer trainees have a good knowledge of oral diseases with the year two trainees demonstrating a better knowledge of caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer and self-rated oral health. Their role in oral health promotion programs at the Primary Health Care level should be encouraged to reduce the burden of oral health diseases in the community.

La corrupción política como crimen organizado transnacional / Political Corruption as a Transnational Organized Crime / A corrupção política como crime organizado transnacional

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es realizar una caracterización de la corrupción política como crimen organizado transnacional, es decir, como un delito que funciona en red en el contexto de la globalización y que genera afectaciones a los Estados democráticos. La metodología consistió en adoptar algunos elementos teóricos de Castells (2006), Ianni (1974) y Williams (1994, 2003), los cuales son abordados en estudios recientes de Campana (2016); Charette & Papachristos (2017); Malm & Bichler (2011); Morselli (2009); y Papachristos (2011), y de la Ciencia Política como Bobbio (2016) a partir de los cuales se proponen dos tipos de redes de corrupción política transnacional: una dirigida contra el Estado y otra que busca beneficiarse del Estado. Los tipos se desarrollan a partir de dos casos ocurridos en América Latina que evidencian la hibridación del delito y la política.

Abstract This article's objective is to characterize political corruption as a transnational organized crime, which is to say, a crime that operates in a network in the context of globalization and affects democratic Governments. The methodology consisted of adopting the theoretical elements of Castells (2006), Ianni (1974) and Williams (1994, 2003), which are approached in recent studies by Campana (2016); Charette & Papachristos (2017); Malm & Bichler (2011); Morselli (2009); and Papachristos (2011), as well as Political Science studies, such as Bobbio (2016), based on which two types of networks of transnational political corruption are proposed: one against the Government and another which seeks to benefit from the Government. The two types are developed based on two cases that occurred in Latin America, which show the hybridization of crime and politics.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é caracterizar a corrupção política como crime organizado transnacional, quer dizer, como um crime que funciona em rede no contexto da globalização e que gera efeitos nos Estados democráticos. A metodologia consistiu em adotar alguns elementos teóricos de Castells (2006), Ianni (1974) e Williams (1994, 2003), que são abordados em estudos recentes de Campana (2016); Charette & Papachristos (2017); Malm & Bichler (2011); Morselli (2009); e Papachristos (2011), e da Ciência Política como Bobbio (2016), a partir dos quais são propostos dois tipos de redes transnacionais de corrupção política: um dirigido contra o Estado e outro que procura se beneficiar do Estado. Os tipos são desenvolvidos a partir de dois casos ocorridos na América Latina que mostram a hibridização do crime e da política.