¿Tienen los Hábitos de Vida y de Alimentación Impacto en la Calidad Seminal? / Do Lifestyle and Eating Habits have an Impact on Seminal Quality?

En los últimos años, se ha reportado en la literatura científica un declive en la calidad seminal. La significancia biológica de ese evento podría estar relacionada con la reducción en la fertilidad masculina o con el aumento del riesgo de enfermedades en la descendencia. La occidentalización en el estilo de vida, caracterizado por el aumento del peso corporal, el sedentarismo, el uso de cigarrillo, la ingesta de alimentos ricos en grasas y sodio y la reducción en la ingesta de alimentos fuente de fibras y antioxidantes, pudieran estar implicados en esos resultados. A su vez, cambios en el estilo de vida, que conduzcan a una reducción de peso corporal, de la ingesta de grasa y sodio, a un mejor estado antioxidante y a un aumento de la ingesta de fibra, se han asociado a mejores parámetros seminales. Por lo tanto, la alimentación basada en plantas o vegetariana, podría ser una estrategia válida para mejorar el estado nutricional y la salud masculina.

In recent years, a decline in seminal quality has been reported in the scientific literature. The biological significance of this event could be related to the reduction in male fertility or the increased risk of diseases in the offspring. Westernization in lifestyle, characterized by increased body weight, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette use, intake of foods high in fat and sodium and reduced intake of food sources of fiber and antioxidants, may be involved in these changes. Modifications in lifestyle, which lead to a reduction in body weight, fat and sodium intake, a better antioxidant status and an increase in fiber intake, have been associated with better seminal parameters. Therefore, plant-based or vegetarian food could be a valid strategy to improve nutritional status and male health.

Desempeño del crecimiento y sobrevivencia de larvas de Oreochromis ssp. utilizando un probiótico en el alimento / Growth performance and survival of Oreochromis ssp. larvae using a probiotic in the feed

Se evaluó la eficiencia de un bio-preparado con características probióticas como promotor del crecimiento y sobrevivencia de la tilapia roja Oreochromis ssp. durante la inversión sexual. A través de cuatro tratamientos, bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado, fueron sembradas cuatro larvas L-1 en acuarios de 20 L, a las cuales se les suministró, durante 45 días, alimento comercial hormonado de 45% de PB, más la adición del bio-preparado compuesto por caldo extracto de malta y una levadura del género Saccharomyces en concentraciones de: 10(4) (T1), 10(6) (T2), 10(8) UFC ml-1 (T3) y un control (T4) sin la adición del bio-preparado. Al inicio y al final del experimento se pesaron (mg), midieron (cm) y contaron las larvas. Los parámetros físicos y químicos monitoreados del agua, se mantuvieron dentro de rangos considerados normales para la piscicultura de la especie. Los mayores valores para las variables de crecimiento de las larvas se registraron en el T2 y T3; Peso final (Pf) (305.9±113.2 y 326.1 ±79.5mg), Ganancia en peso (Gp) (299.2±113.2 y 319.4±79.5mg) Longitud final (Lf) (2.5±0.3 y 2.5±0.2cm), Ganancia en longitud (Gl) (1.7±0.3 y 1.7±0.2cm) y Tasa especifica de crecimiento (G) (12.5±0.7 y 12,7±0.5%/día), así mismo, los mayores valores de sobrevivencia (S) de las larvas se registraron en el T3 (68.1±6.8%) y T2 (59.4±20.2%). Por tanto los mejores resultados se presentaron en larvas de T2 y T3, a los cuáles se les suministró el bio-preparado, demostrando que las larvas de tilapia roja presentan mejor crecimiento y sobrevivencia con la implementación de un bio-preparado probiótico.

The efficiency of a bio-prepared with probiotic characteristics was evaluated for promoting growth and survival of red tilapia Oreochromis ssp during sexual inversion. Through four treatments, under a completely randomized design were seeded four larvae L-1 in aquariums of 20 L, to which they were delivered, for 45 days, with Hormone commercial food of 45% CP, plus the addition of bio -prepared composed for malt extract broth and a yeast of the genus Saccharomyces in concentrations: 104 (T1), 106 (T2), 108 CFU ml-1 (T3) and (T4) control without the addition of bio-prepared. At the beginning and end of the experiment the larvae were weighed (mg), measured (cm) and counted. The physical and chemical parameters monitored water remained within ranges considered normal for fish species. The highest values for the variables of larval growth were recorded in the T2 and T3; Final weight (Pf) (305.9 ± 113.2 and 326.1 ± 79.5mg), weight gain (Gp) (299.2 ± 113.2 and 319.4 ± 79.5mg) Final Length (Lf) (2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.2cm), Gain length (Gl) (1.7 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.2cm) and specific growth rate (G) (12.5 ± 0.7 and 12.7 ± 0.5% / day), likewise, the highest values of survival (S) of the larvae were recorded in T3 (68.1 ± 6.8%) and T2 (59.4 ± 20.2%). Therefore the best results were presented in larvae of T2 and T3, to which were given the bio-prepared, showing that the larvae of red tilapia have better growth and survival with the implementation of a bio-prepared probiotic.

Ecologia e ontogenia da alimentação de Astyanax janeiroensis (Osteichthyes, Characidae) de um riacho costeiro do Sudeste do Brasil / Ecology and ontogeny of feeding habit of Astyanax janeiroensis (Osteichthyes, Characidae) from a coastal stream from Southeast Brazil

In the present work we aimed to describe the spatio-temporal and ontogenetic variations of Astyanax janeiroensis diet in Ubatiba stream, a coastal fluvial system from Serra do Mar. We analyzed 540 specimens collected monthly during twelve months in six sites differing in the degree of vegetal cover (opened and closed sites). We verified that A. janeiroensis is an omnivorous species whose diet is largely based on autochthonous items. The estimated intestinal coefficient was 0.74 (+ 1.2), being compatible with an omnivorous behavior. We did not register differences in the diet from dry and rainy seasons. Nonetheless, we found differences in the diet from opened and closed sites. We registered quite absolute predominance of autochthonous items in the diet from the closed sites, whereas, in the opened ones we found similar ingestion of alo and autochthonous items. Concerning juveniles and adult specimens, we found differences in the consumption of animal and vegetal items with a relative reduction of animal ingestion among adult specimens. The intestinal coefficient of adult specimens was higher than that of juveniles, corroborating the diet results.

No presente trabalho tivemos como objetivo descrever as variações espaço-temporais e ontogenéticas da dieta de Astyanax janeiroensis do Rio Ubatiba, um riacho costeiro da Serra do Mar. Analisamos o conteúdo gástrico de 540 exemplares capturados mensalmente, durante 12 meses, em seis localidades, sendo três com cobertura (localidade fechada) vegetal e três sem cobertura (localidade aberta). Verificamos que A. janeiroensis é uma espécie onívora, com dieta essencialmente baseada em itens autóctones, majoritariamente de origem vegetal. O coeficiente intestinal da espécie foi estimado em 0,74 (+ 1,2) que é um valor compatível com o hábito alimentar onívoro. Não foram registradas diferenças na dieta dos exemplares coletados durantes as estações seca e chuvosa. No entanto, foram registradas diferenças na dieta dos exemplares coletados nas localidades aberta e fechada. Nas localidades fechadas houve predominância quase absoluta de itens autóctones, enquanto nas localidades abertas houve participação equivalente dos itens alóctones e autóctones. Registramos que os exemplares jovens e adultos diferem no consumo dos itens animais e vegetais com redução relativa do consumo e animais entre os adultos. Os valores do coeficiente intestinal dos jovens foram superiores aos dos adultos, corroborando os resultados da dieta.