Hiperlisinemia Como Hallazgo Sugestivo De Acidemia Propiónica. Reporte De Caso / Hyperlisinemia As A Suggestive Finding Of Propionic Acidemia. Case Report

RESUMEN Introducción: La acidemia propiónica (AP) es una acidemia orgánica (AO) con presentación clínica de inicio neonatal o de forma tardía. Causada por deficiencia de la enzima propionil-CoA carboxilasa que ocasiona acumulación de ácido propiónico y metabolitos relacionados con propionil-CoA en los tejidos. Es característica la hiperglicinemia, pero puede presentarse hiperlisinemia. Este trabajo describe un caso clínico de AP de inicio neonatal con desenlace fatal y alteración llamativa de los aminoácidos. Caso clínico: Recién nacido (RN) femenina ingresa a unidad neonatal al tercer día de vida por hipoactividad, vómito y letargia. Posterior dificultad respiratoria y realiza paros cardiacos, falleciendo antes de establecer un diagnóstico bioquímico. Paraclínicos iniciales evidenciaron acidosis metabólica, leucopenia, hipoglicemia, posteriormente se documenta hiperglicininemia, hipercistinemia y severa hiperlisininemia. La cromatografía de ácidos orgánicos en orina identificó ácido 3-hidroxi-propionico, metilcitrato y propionilglicina entre otros metabolitos tóxicos, confirmando el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La AP es un error innato del metabolismo autosómico recesivo de baja incidencia. La presencia de acidosis metabólica severa, pancitopenia, hipoglicemia y antecedentes familiares deben alertar sobre este diagnóstico. Adicionalmente, aunque el diagnóstico bioquímico definitivo son los ácidos orgánicos en orina, la presencia de hiperamonemia, hiperglicinemia e hiperlisinemia pueden ser altamente sugestivas de este trastorno.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Propionic acidemia (AP) is an organic acidemia (AO) with clinical presentation of neonatal onset or late. Caused by deficiency of the enzyme propionil-CoA carboxilasa that causes accumulation of propionic acid and metabolites related to propionyl-CoA in tissues. Hyperglycinemia is characteristic, but hyperlysinemia may occur. This work describes a clinical case of AP of neonatal onset with fatal outcome and striking alteration of amino acids. Clinical case: Female newborn (RN) admitted in the neonatal unit on the third day of life due to hypoactivity, vomiting and lethargy. Subsequent respiratory distress and cardiac arrest occurred, dying before a biochemical diagnosis was established. Initial paraclinics evidenced metabolic acidosis, leukopenia, hypoglycemia, later documented hyperglycinemia, hypercystinemia and severe hyperlysinemia. The organic acid chromatography in urine identified 3-hydroxy-propionic acid, methyl citrate and propionylglycine among other toxic metabolites, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusions: AP is an inborn error of autosomal recessive metabolism of low incidence. The presence of severe metabolic acidosis, pancytopenia, hypoglycemia and family history should alert about this diagnosis. Additionally, although the definitive biochemical diagnosis is organic acids in urine, the presence of hyperammonemia, hyperglycinemia and hyperlysinemia can be highly suggestive of this disorder.

Clinical and variant analysis of 15 patients with methylmalonic acidemia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To report on clinical characteristics and genetic findings in 15 Chinese patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA).@*Methods@#For the 15 MMA patients detected by tandem mass spectrometry, genetic analysis was carried out in twelve pedigrees. Clinical characteristics, genetic finding, treatment and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#The main features of the patients included poor feeding, recurrent vomiting, lethargy, seizure and development retardation. Blood propionylcarnitine (except for 3 patients), its ratio with acetylcarnitine, and urine methylmalonic acid were increased in all patients. Twelve patients were diagnosed genetically, which included 7 with MUT variants, 4 with MMACHC variants, and 1 with MMAB variant. Nine MUT variants were detected, among which c. 1159A>C, 753+ 1delGinsTGGTTATTA and c. 504del were novel. Six known pathogenic MMACHC variants and two novel MMAB variants (c.289_290delGG, c. 566G>A) were also detected. Seven patients died of metabolic crises within a year, others had improved effectively following the treatment, but had mild to severe growth delay and/or developmental retardation.@*Conclusion@#The clinical manifestation of MMA are complex. Most patients have variants of the MUT and MMACHC genes. High mortality may occur before one year of age.

Clinical features of infantile organic acidemia accompanied with acute metabolic crisis / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory characters of infantile organic acidemia(OA) accompanied with acute metabolic crisis.Methods We analyzed retrospectively datum of infants with OA diagnosed in our unit from April 2006 to October 2014.Results Fity-three cases(37 male and 16 female,aged under 1 year old) were enrolled in this study,in which,28 cases were methylmalonic acidemia,11 cases were propionic acidemia,3 cases were biotinidase deficiency,3 cases were glutaric acidemia type Ⅱ,2 cases were glutaric acidemia type Ⅰ,2 cases were isovaleric acidemia,1 case was variety of coenzyme A carboxylase deficiency,1 case was glycerol kinase deficiency,1 case was 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency and 1 case was holocarboxylase synthetase defect.Tweny-five of the 53 cases(47.2％)developed metabolic crisis within 7 days after onset,main manifestations included feeding difficulties,frequent seizures dyspnea,et al.The most common abnormal laboratory findings manifested severe hypoglycemia,intractable metabolic acidosis,hyperammonemia,et al.Twenty cases had family history.All patients were given symptomatic relief and supportive treatment,including colleting hypoglycemia,reducing hyperammonemia,keeping water,electrolyte and acid base balance,maintaining function of vital organs,suppling metabolic cofactor and special fomula,et al.After treatment,32 cases (60.4％) improved markedly while death occurred in 15 cases(28.3％).Conclusion OA confirmed under 1 year old is especially vulnerable to acute metabolic crisis,which characterized by sudden onset,rapid progress and is difficult to treat.Feeding difficulties,frequent seizures and dyspnea were the very common presentations.Early diagnosis and timely treatment are critical for improving the prognosis.Clinicians should be aware of it,and an early metabolic disorders screening should be intervened in patients with hypoglycemia of unknown etiology or refractory metabolic acidosis.

Organic acidemias in Korea: Eight years experience of organic acid analysis / 소아과

PURPOSE: We have done this retrospective study to know the relative incidence and clinical manifestations of organic acidopathies in Korea during 8 years(from Jul. 1997 to May 2005). This results of organic acid analysis of 1,787 patients were compared with the results of organic acid analysis that were published three years ago. METHODS: The results of quantitative organic acid analysis of samples of 1788 patients, referred from Jul. 1997 to May 2005, were analyzed retrospectively according to four age group(-2 mon, 3 mon-2 years, 3-12 years) and major clinical manifestations. Quantification of 83 organic acids was done with gas chromatography and mass spectometry. RESULTS: We diagnosed 470 patients with 27 diseases of organic acid metabolism during this study period. Diseases found more than 10 cases are cytosolic 3-ketothiolase deficiency, mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders, PDHC deficiency, mitochondrial 3-ketothiolase deficiency, glutaric aciduria type II, biotinidase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria and propionic aciduria. Other diseases were diagnosed in less than 10 cases. CONCLUSION: Though the incidence of individual organic acidemia is low, the overall incidence of organic acidemia as a whole seems to be relatively high in Korea. Compared with the results of organic acid analysis that were reported three years ago, we couldn't find a new disease and the difference of the relative incidences of high incident diseases. We were apprehensive of the errors that was owing to the short study period(3 years), but the relative incidences of our study(8 years) were similar to the results of organic acid analysis that were reported three years ago.

Organic acidemias in Korea / 한양의대학술지

Since we started organic acid analysis in July 1997, we have collected data about organic acidemias in Korea. The data presented herein constitute our 3 years experience in organic acid analysis. We have collected 712 samples from major university hospitals in all over Korea, which are large enough for relatively accurate estimation of incidence of organic acid disorders. We used solvent extraction method with ethylacetate, MSTFA for derivatization and simultaneously quantitation of 83 organic acids. Out of 712 patients sample, 498 samples (70%) showed no evidence of organic acid abnormalities. Out of the 214 remaining samples, we found very diverse disorders such as methylmalonic aciduria (6), propionic aciduria (10), biotinidase deficiency (6), maple syrup urine disease (3), isovaleric aciduria (4), tyrosinemia type II (4), tyrosinemia type IV (1), glutaric aciduria type I (1), glutaric aciduria type II (22), 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I (3), 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III (7), HMG-CoA lyase deficiency (1), hyperglyceroluria (2), cytosolic 3-ketothiolase deficiency (55), mitochondrial 3-ketothiolase deficiency (3), 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (2), L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2), fumaric aciduria (2), lactic aciduria with combined elevation of pyruvate (most likely PDHC deficiency) (28), lactic aciduria without combined elevation of pyruvate (most likely mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders) (35), SCAD deficiency (3), MCAD deficiency (1), 3-methylcrotonylglycineuria (1), orotic aciduria (most likely urea cycle disorders) (7) and 2-methylbranched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1). In conclusion, although the incidence of individual organic acidemia is low, the incidence of overall organic acidemia is relatively high in Korea. Most of the patients showed some signs of neurological dysfunction. Therefore, organic acid analysis should be included in the diagnostic work up of all neurological dysfunctions.

Organic Acidemias in Korea: Three Years Experience of Organic Acid Analysis

PURPOSE: We have done this retrospective study to know the relative incidences and clinical manifestations of organic acidopathies in Korea. METHODS: The results of quantitative organic acid analysis of 1,125 samples of 712 patients, referred from Jul. 1997 to Jun. 2000, were analyzed retrospectively according to four age groups (-2 mon, 3 mon-2 year, 3 years-12 years, over 12 years) and major clinical manifestations. Quantification of 83 organic acids was done with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS). RESULTS: We diagnosed 214 patients with 27 diseases of organic acid metabolism during this study period. Diseases found more than 10 cases are cytosolic 3-ketothiolase deficiency, mitochondrial repsiratory chain disorders, PDHC deficiency, glutaric aciduria type II and propionic aciduria. Other diseases were diagnosed in less than 10 cases, mostly one or two cases during this study period. Most of the patients had some symptoms of neurological dysfunction such as seizure activity(195 patients), developmental delay(122), mental retardation(99), hypotonia(84), movement disorders(81) and vomiting(68). CONCLUSION: Though the incidence of individual organic acidemia is low, the overall incidence of organic acidemia as a whole seems to be relatively high in Korea. Most of the patients showed some signs of neurological dysfunction.