Reflection on the Integration of Great Anti-epidemic Spirit into the Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Medical Colleges:Taking the Course of "Outline of Modern Chinese History" as an Example / 中国医学伦理学

The integration of the great anti-epidemic spirit into the teaching of Outline of Modern Chinese History is an important content of the education and teaching reform of ideological and political courses in medical colleges in the post-epidemic era. The integration of them is helpful for optimizing the discourse system of "Outline" course, strengthening the political function of "Outline" course, and deepening the value guidance of "Outline" course. It is necessary to carefully study the teaching content of the "Outline" course, find out its similarities and integration with the great anti-epidemic spirit, and then, by basing on the main position of the classroom, building a large platform for practice, making good use of new network media and other specific paths, "genetically" embedded the great anti-epidemic spirit, the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Marxist standpoint and methods, the remarkable advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the solid national strength of China into the teaching process, so as to improve the effectiveness of the "Outline" course and cultivate medical talents with firm political stance and noble medical ethics in the new era.

Automatic Post-operative Cervical Cancer Target Area and Organ at Risk Outlining Based on Fusion Convolutional Neural Network / 中国医疗器械杂志

CT image based organ segmentation is essential for radiotherapy treatment planning, and it is laborious and time consuming to outline the endangered organs and target areas before making radiation treatment plans. This study proposes a fully automated segmentation method based on fusion convolutional neural network to improve the efficiency of physicians in outlining the endangered organs and target areas. The CT images of 170 postoperative cervical cancer stage IB and IIA patients were selected for network training and automatic outlining of bladder, rectum, femoral head and CTV, and the neural network was used to localize easily distinguishable vessels around the target area to achieve more accurate outlining of CTV.

A Comparison of Glasgow Coma Scale Score with “Full Outline of Unresponsiveness Scale” to Predict Outcome of the Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Presenting to Emergency Medicine Department

Introduction: In patients presenting to Emergency Department(ED) with traumatic brain injury, it is important to evaluate the neurological status to determine the present clinical status and to predict outcome of the patient. GCS is the most widely used score,but it has some drawbacks which led to the development of other scores such as the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score. In our study, we compared the GCS and the FOUR scores in patients presenting with traumatic brain injury. Aims: 1) To compare the FOUR score with the GCS score in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. 2) To understand the effectiveness of FOUR score as an assessment tool. 3) To assess whether FOUR score is an alternative tool in TBI patients or could be complimentary. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at a trauma centre of a tertiary care hospital during January 2019 to March 2019 after taking institutional ethical committee approval. All patients presenting with clinical diagnosis of TBI were evaluated and given a GCS and FOUR score by the emergency physician. Relevant investigations were done and findings were noted. We tabulated all information in Microsoft Excel 2019 and statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. Results: The mean age of study population was 38.295+/- 15.33 years. Male patients were 79% and 21% were female patients. Road traffic accidents contributed highest percentages of causes of TBI (60%). By comparing the median value of FOUR score with mortality and the median value of GCS score with the mortality by using the Mann-Whitney test showed a p-value of ?1, which is statistically non-significant. Conclusions: FOUR score is equally reliable with GCS score. Both have their own significance

Masterpiece of reconstruction of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine-revelation of / 中国针灸

For the first time, at the early Ming Dynasty, the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are integrated with clinical diagnosis and treatment system in

Comparison of full outline of unresponsiveness score and Glasgow Coma Scale in Medical Intensive Care Unit

Context: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most commonly used scale, and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score is new validated coma scale as an alternative to GCS in the evaluation of the level of consciousness. Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate FOUR score and GCS ability in predicting the outcomes (Survivors, nonsurvivors) in Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU). Setting and Design: This was an observational and prospective study of 300 consecutive patients admitted to the MICU during a 14 months' period. Materials and Methods: FOUR score, GCS score, and demographic characteristics of all patients were recorded in the first admission 24 h. Statistical Analysis Used: A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and Logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis (95% confidence interval). Results: Data analysis showed a significant statistical difference in FOUR score and GCS score between survivors and nonsurvivors (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001; respectively). The discrimination power was good for both FOUR score and GCS (area under ROC curve: 87.3% (standard error [SE]: 2.1%), 82.6% [SE: 2.3%]; respectively). The acceptable calibration was seen just for FOUR score (χ2 = 8.059, P = 0.428). Conclusions: Both FOUR score and GCS are valuable scales for predicting outcomes in patients are admitted to the MICU; however, the FOUR score showed better discrimination and calibration than GCS, so it is superior to GCS in predicting outcomes in this patients population.

Outline and Inspiration of 2017 Edition of British Pharmacopoeia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To summarize 2017 edition of British Pharmacopoeia, and to facilitate the use of it by drug inspectors. METHODS: The main contents and layout of 2017 edition of British Pharmacopoeia were overviewed; the similarities and differences between Chinese Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia were described by means of literature research and general comparison with the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The reference for Chinese Pharmacopoeia was put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: British Pharmacopoeia includes 7 parts as "introduction" "explanatory notes" "text variety" "infrared control chromatogram", and divided into 6 volumes, such as "pharmaceutical raw materials" "formulated preparations" "veterinary drugs". Compared with the previous edition, 2017 edition added 69 new varieties, removed 9 monographs and modified 91 varieties technologically. Compared with Chinese Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia additionally included veterinary drugs, homeopathic preparations, surgical materials, infrared spectrogram, etc. Compared with the update of Chinese Pharmacopoeia every 5 years, British Pharmacopoeia Commission updated and revised the British Pharmacopoeia every year, and provided reliable reference for the establishment of scientific analysis methods in time. At the same time, British Pharmacopoeia Commission established British Pharmacopoeia online website www. pharmacopoeia. com to provide a more convenient and fast platform for users; British Pharmacopoeia Commission paid special attention to maintaining close ties with drug manufacturers, regulators, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Chinese Herbal Medicine Products Committee in EMA so as to revise drug standards timely. It provides enlightenment and reference for the revision of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Implementation effect of nursesˊ hierarchical training plan based on training outline and nurses′needs / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the implementation effect of nurses′ hierarchical training plan based on training outline and nurses′ needs. Methods Nurses′ hierarchical training outline was established in accordance with three theoretical training modules(humanistic accomplishment, professional competence, career planning/development) as well as three skill training modules(basic nursing skills, specialist nursing skills and first aid nursing skills); the training needs of nurses were investigated by adopting a self-made Training Needs Questionnaire, then the hierarchical training plan was developed based on the training outline and nurses′ training needs. Results There were some differences in the training needs of different levels of nurses in the fields of clinical knowledge and skills,nursing management, nursing education, scientific research and new nursing guidelines and progress(F=2.80-22.47,P<0.05 or 0.01). Before the implementation of nurses′ hierarchical training plan based on training outline and nurses′ needs, nurses′ satisfaction about training, theoretical examination result, clinical working ability and patients′satisfaction towards nursing were 89.06%(228/256),94.80%(1 185/1 250), 96.63%(1 060/1 097) and 95.35%(5 470/5 737), respectively. Then, after the implementation, the corresponding values got improved into 96.76%(239/247), 97.44%(1 297/1 331), 98.75%(1 106/1 120) and 99.22%(6 070/6 118),which were statistically significant(χ2=11.11-176.27,P<0.01). Conclusion Integrating nurses′hierarchical training outline with the training needs helps to provide targeted hierarchical training so as to improve the professional quality of nurses and the patients′satisfaction towards nursing.

Rationality evaluation and analysis of the overall design of test outline for standardized training of midwives in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective Through investigating the consistency of clinical first-line midwives actual working requirements and test outline fits, to make analysis on the rationality of the preliminary design test outline to provides evidence for improving the design of test outline for standardized training of midwives. Methods In September 2016,the investigation was conducted using questionnaire based on "Test Outline for Standardized-Training of Midwives (Draft)" among midwives studying in the training base of standardized-training of midwives. 50 questionnaires were distributed, and 49 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 98%. SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated by factor analysis. Results The content reliability of the following units is good such as the overall of Test Outline for Standardized Training of Midwives (Draft)" and "laws and regulations related to maternal and infant health care ","Basic knowledge of medical psychology and ethics", "Basic theory and knowledge of mid-wives", "Clinical manifestations, identification points, common drugs and principles of treatment of the common diseases " and " Specialized skill". Conclusion The overall design of Test Outline for Standardized-Training of Midwives (Draft) is more scientific, and the rational ranking of the examination content is basi- cally consistent with the post competency requirements of the midwives.

Clinical study on the complete denture edge position and shape / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyse the actual position of denture base and its relationship with the anatomic marks of alveolar ridge. Methods:According to the standardized process,10 sets of complete dentures were fabricated for edentulous patients by taking func-tional impression.Before and after completion of denture fabrication,trial wearing and full adjustment one week after application,the margin extension,thickness and form of the denture bases were measured.The relationship of denture base outline with anatomic marks of alveolar ridges was observed.Results:The most adjusted regions of upper and lower complete denture bases were hamular notch area,buccal shed area,far middle buccal corner region and retromylohyoid ridge area(P <0.05).Buccal outline of mandibular base was consistent with the external oblique ridge and the base edge corresponding to masseter muscle attachment in far middle buccal corner region was excluded from the base.Lingual outline was relieved in area of lingual frenum and was consistent with mandibular torus.Conclusion:Denture base is easily over extended in hamular notch area,buccal shed area,far middle buccal corner region and retromylohyoid ridge area.

Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of mandibule in coronal plane after bimaxillary rotational surgery / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The aim of this report is to present a new reference for aesthetic mandible surgery using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography-based treatment planning for orthognathic surgery which can be implemented in surgical planning and perioperative procedure. METHODS: To make an objective standard for evaluating aesthetic mandibular outline, we make an aesthetic scoring criteria with consideration of asymmetry, broad mandibular border line, and prominent mandibular angle. Two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists rated their aesthetical evaluation from 1 to 5. Experimental group consisting of 47 female and 38 male patients who had rotational orthognathic two-jaw surgery from 2010 to 2011 were chosen according to aesthetic scoring done by two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists. A high aesthetic score (≥16) means the facial contour is symmetric, with no broad and narrow aesthetic mandible frontal profiles. Control A group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and low aesthetic score (≤10). Control B group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and had anaesthetic mandibular frontal profile and a high aesthetic score (≥16). The three-dimensional image of the patient was taken from dental cone-beam CT (DCT) scanning (experimental group and control A group: 6 months DCT after surgery, control B group: 1st visit DCT). Each DCT was reformatted to reorient the 3D image using 3D analyzing program (OnDemand3D, cybermed Inc, CA, USA). After selection of 12 landmarks and the construction of reoriented horizontal, vertical, and coronal reference lines, 15 measurements were taken in 3D analysis of frontal mandibular morphology. Afterwards, horizontal and vertical linear measurements and angular measurements, linear ratio were obtained. RESULTS: Mean Go’(Rt)-Me’-Go’(Lt) angular measurement was 100.74 ± 2.14 in female patients and 105.37 ± 3.62 in male patients. These showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. Ratio of Go’(Rt),Go’(Lt)-Me’ length to some linear measurements (ratio of Me’-Cd’RtCd’Lt to Me’-Go’(Rt)Go’(Lt), ratio of Me’-Go’ to Me’-Go’(Rt)Go’(Lt), ratio of Go’(Rt)-Go’(Lt) to Me’-Go’(Rt)Go’(Lt)) showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. CONCLUSION: This study was intended to find some standard measurement of mandible frontal view in 3D analysis of aesthetic patient. So, these potential measurement value may be helpful for orthognathic treatment planning to have more aesthetic and perspective outcomes.

An Interpretation of Strategic Outline for the Development of Chinese Medicine (2016-2030) / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Strategic Outline for the Develop ment of Chinese Medicine (2016-2030) was officially issued by the State Council on February 22th,2016.In regard to the practical needs and the trends of the development of Chinese medicine in China in the future,the development goals of Chinese medicine and its priorities in the next 15 years are confirmed,and comprehensive safeguards and organizational measures are developed in this outline.The outline,a programmatic document for pressing ahead with the development of Chinese medicine,also systematically discusses the layout of main targets and measures.

A study on the validity of reference points for edentulous patient / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of reference points for edentulous patient by examining the correlation of teeth and face, and intraoral anatomic landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined a facial outline, length, bizygomatic width, nasion - gnathion length, glabella - nasion distance in 270 men and 280 women satisfied with inclusion criteria from Seoul National School of Dentistry. The shape of maxillary central incisor, mesiodistal crown width and length of maxillary 6 incisors, distance from incisive papilla to labial surface of maxillary central incisor, and perpendicular distance from incisive papilla to intercanine line were measured in the stone model. We analyzed the ratio and relevant relation statistically. RESULTS: The probability on having the same shape of face and the relative same shape maxillary incisor was 55.56% and 46.43% for men and women. The facial length proved to be a more valuable measurement in women in the tooth selection. The ratio of bizygomatic width to mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, and the ratio of bizygomatic width to width of maxillary 6 incisors were 16.8 : 1 and 3.0 : 1 and were positively correlated with each other. The distance of the canines from the maxillary incisal papilla was 1.33+/-1.28 mm. The distance between the center of the incisal papilla and the labial surface of their maxillary central incisor was 9.23+/-1.20 mm. CONCLUSION: It was showed that anatomical reference points in tooth selection and arrangement for edentulous patient are useful and have validity in our limited study.

Outline-style homework is the characteristic of the diagnostic methods of TCM psychology / 国际中医中药杂志

The Outline-style homework is introduced, which is one of the characteristic diagnostic methods of TCM psychology. The outline-style homework contents include①the painful, sad or aggrieving things.②the person(s) or object(s) or event(s) that your are/were afraid of.③the past events about love relationship and sex that you are reluctant or feel too ashamed to mention.④the most trusted, dependence, unforgettable person, and why.⑤the most relaxed , happy time, and why? It comes from the ancient Chinese emotional theory and modern TCM psychotherapy practice. Nowadays, this method is widely used to help doctors quickly collect the patient's mental condition, growth experience, and convenient for clinical treatment.

Esthetics, "Aida" and "Re-entry shock": Fountains in a blind woman's drawings

Blind people can invent drawings for material objects like cups, and matters esthetic, like "glory" at the climax of a story. In sketches of cups, their drawings are realistic, using lines for surface edges of profiles, and borders of cross-sections. They are metaphoric if they show purely mental events. These points are illustrated by two drawings by EW, a blind woman with two notable uses of a "fountain" device. One shows "glory" in the opera "Aida" and one is for memories overflowing.

The Anatomical Revolution and the Transition of Anatomical Conception in Late Imperial China / 의사학

This paper aimed to examine the anatomical revolution from Yilingaicuo (Correcting the Errors of Medicine) and Quantixinlun(Outline of Anatomy and Physiology) in late imperial China. As the cephalocentrism which the brain superintend human operation of the mind was diffused in China since 16th century, the cephalocentrism and the cardiocentrism had competed for the hegemony of anatomical conception. Because of the advent of Yilingaicuo and Quantixinlun, the cephalocentrism became the main stream in the anatomical conception. The supporters of the Wang Yangming's Xinxue(the Learning of Heart and Mind) argued that the heart was the central organ of perception, sensitivity, and morality of the human body in medicine since 16th century. Even reformist and revolutionary intellectuals like Tan sitong and Mao zedong who had supported the Wang Yangming's Xinxue embraced the cephalocentrism in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. May Fourth intellectuals had not obsessed metaphysical interpretation of human body any more in the New Culture Movement in 1910s. They regarded human body as the object of research and writing. The anatomy was transformed into the instrumental knowledge for mutilation of the body. Yilingaicuo challenged the traditional conception of body, and Chinese intellectuals drew interest in the anatomy knowledge based on real mutilation. Quantixinlun based on Western medicine fueled a controversy about anatomy. Though new knowledge of anatomy was criticized by traditional Chinese medical doctors from the usefulness and morality of anatomy, nobody disavowed new knowledge of anatomy from the institutionalization of Western medicine in medical school. The internal development of cephalocentrism and positivism had influence on anatomy in China since 16th century. The advent of Yilingaicuo and Quantixinlun provided the milestone of new anatomy, though both sides represented traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine respectively. They contributed to the development of new knowledge of anatomy, getting over the metaphysical system of knowledge. Based on the internal development of anatomy, Chinese anatomy was half century late than Japanese anatomy founded on Dutch anatomy.

Research on relevant factors affecting results of extubation of trachea cannula in neurocritical care patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To Explored the relative factors which caused the extubation failure in neurological intensive care unit (NICU).Methods It was a retrospective study.40 cases of patients who met the criteria,were brought into statistical analysis.They were admitted in NICU in Nan Fang Hospital from December 2008 to February 2011.The name,sex,age,diagnosis,respiratory parameters,24 hours discrepancy quantity,sputum,and Glasgow Coma Scale,Full Outline of UnResponsiveness Scale were recorded.SPSS 13.0 was used as statistic software.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Both in extubation successful and failure groups,GCS and Four were significantly different (all P ＜ 0.05).Howerer,there were no statistically significant in the other factors.There were significantly differences between GCS and Four in predicting extubation results (P =0.012).Logistic multiple regression showed that Four and GCS grade were predictive factor of extubation failure (P =0.041).Conclusions The result suggests that it is statistically significant to use GCS and Four as factors to predict extubation results.It can be widely used to help medical personnels monitoring the changes of patients'clinical conditions,judging prognosis,and making treatment plan in NICU.Wether other factors would effect the extubation results,more prospective,randomized controlled studies were needed.

Reconstruction of middle and lower facial tension system for surgical rejuvenation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

ObjectiveTo explore a method for reconstruction of the middle and lower facial tension system for surgical rejuvenation.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2011,257 female patients were treated with this procedure,in which superficial musclo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) of the cheeks were tightened and fixed to the deep temporal fascia and the temporal muscle fascia in muhidirectional and oblique toward the eye and ear rather than just toward the ear through purse string suture method to achieve the goals of facial rejuvenation.ResultsThe follow-up data were obtained in 50 cases,with time range of 3-60 months.Each case was evaluated by both the patient and the surgical team.Excellent or good results were achieved for 255 cases.In all we succeeded in correcting the nasolabial sulcal deformity,and the cheek ptosis,and the contour of the face were more smoothly than that of preoperative appearance.The outlines of lower face became narrow,and thinner than the preoperative.All the patients were without loss of facial identity.Complications occurred occasionally,including the tensional blister on the dermal suture point and local numbness.No incision scar,alopecia and facial nerve injury occurred.Effects of rejuvenation were obvious and natural in 3-6 months after surgery.Especially 12 months after operation the results were the best.ConclusionsThis technique addresses the multiple factors involved in the senescent changes of the midface.Proper patient selection,good aesthetic judgment,and surgical competence are required to restore the midface and lower face tension system reconstruction.This novel approach is safe and effective,and the result is stable and lasting.

Predictive Factors of Neurologic Outcome in Patients With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can lead to various neurologic outcomes in patients with hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study investigated the usefulness of clinical markers and electroencephalography (EEG) in predicting the neurologic prognosis of HIE after CPR. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical findings of 51 patients with HIE, including the medical history, the duration from the onset of symptoms to the recovery of spontaneous circulation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) scores, and presence of seizure or status epilepticus. Patients were divided into three outcomes groups: death, persistent vegetative state, and recovering alertness and awareness. Digital EEG and visual and quantitative analyses were performed in each patient. For quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, we defined and compared the distance in the spatial band-power patterns and phase coherence patterns between healthy normal subjects and each patient. RESULTS: Patients with HIE showed a high mortality rate (54.9%, 28/51), and their neurologic prognosis was significantly related to the initial GCS and FOUR scores. In the qEEG analysis, patients' groups showed a prominent delta frequency band, and the healthy normal group presented a marked alpha predominance. As the severity decreased, the similarity in the spatial band-power pattern and functional connectivity pattern between normal subjects and patients increased. CONCLUSIONS: Low initial GCS and FOUR scores could be predictive of a poor neurologic prognosis in patients with HIE, and qEEG analysis might be a useful predictor of their neurologic outcomes.

Selection Principle and Evaluation Criterion for the Periodicals in the Evaluation and Index System of China and Abroad / 国际中医中药杂志

By reviewing the selection principle and evaluation criterion on the periodicals in the well-known evaluation and index system of China and abroad, the article provides both the related information for researchers to get a general idea of this system and the criterion for periodicals to join the system.

Attempt to analyze the operation of multimedia in"Clinical Medicine Outline" teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

It is essentially indispensable to use multimedia methods in teaching "Clinical Medicine Outline". Such usage can diversify the teaching approaches and play a very important role in improving teaching methods and deepening students’ comprehension of course knowledge. Some problems existing in application of multimedia in the teaching process need to be settled.