Hallazgos radiológicos de la neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii en fallecidos cubanos con VIH/sida / Radiological findings of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in Cuban deceased HIV / AIDS patients

Introducción: La neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii (PcP) es una de las enfermedades más frecuentes en los pacientes con VIH/sida y provoca una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La radiología juega un papel fundamental para su diagnóstico presuntivo. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos radiológicos de neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii en una serie de casos de fallecidos cubanos por VIH/sida, y relacionarlos con el estado inmunológico de los pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó el estudio de una serie de 69 fallecidos por sida con PcP en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí desde enero de 1996 a enero de 2014. El diagnóstico de la PcP se confirmó por estudios anatomopatológicos mediante la observación de estructuras compatibles con el hongo. Resultados: De los 69 casos del estudio, 57 (82,6 por ciento) presentaron alteraciones en la radiografía de tórax. De ellos, 44 (77,2 por ciento) y 13 (22,8 por ciento) presentaron un patrón radiológico típico y atípico de la PcP, respectivamente. En 12 (17,4 por ciento) fallecidos la radiografía de tórax fue normal. En 76,8 por ciento de los casos se detectó niveles de linfocitos T CD4+ inferior a 200 cél/ 956;L. La relación entre el patrón radiológico y el estado inmunológico de los fallecidos analizados no fue significativa. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos radiológicos descritos en los fallecidos cubanos por sida con PcP son similares a los informados en la literatura internacional. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico de la PcP no debe excluirse en pacientes con radiografías de tórax normales o con patrones atípicos que presenten un cuadro clínico sugestivo de la enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is one of the most common diseases among HIV / AIDS patients, causing great morbidity and mortality. Radiology plays a fundamental role in its presumptive diagnosis. Objective: Describe the radiological findings of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a series of Cuban deceased HIV / AIDS patients and relate them to the patients' immune status. Methods: A study was conducted of a series of 69 deceased AIDS patients with PcP at Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute from January 1996 to January 2014. PcP diagnosis was confirmed through anatomopathological studies based on observation of structures compatible with the fungus. Results: Of the 69 study cases, 57 (82.6 percent) presented alterations in their chest radiographs. Of these, 44 (77.2 percent) and 13 (22.8 percent) followed a typical and atypical radiological pattern, respectively. In 12 deceased patients (17.4 percent) chest radiography was normal. In 76.8 percent of the cases, levels of T CD4+ lymphocytes were below 200 cell/ml. The relationship between the radiological pattern and the immune status of the deceased patients analyzed was not significant. Conclusions: The radiological findings described for Cuban deceased AIDS patients with PcP are similar to those reported in the international literature. However, PcP diagnosis should not be excluded in patients with normal chest radiographs or atypical patterns who present a clinical status suggestive of the disease(AU)

Screening and Verification of RNA-seq-based PBCRS for Treating Key Genes of Breast Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of the medicine group of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis (PBCRS) on breast cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats, and screen out and verify key genes based on RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Method: Totally 96 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group, DMBA model control group, tamoxifen (TAM) group (1.9 mg·kg-1·d-1), high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose PBCRS groups (12.96, 6.48, 3.24 g·kg-1·d-1). One week after drug intervention, except for the blank group, the DMBA was used to induce the rat model of breast cancer (with an interval of a week, irrigation for two times at the dose of 100 mg·kg-1). After 10 weeks, the changes in tumor weight and tumor volume were observed. The total RNA was extracted by total RNA extraction kit, and three RNA samples were collected from the DMBA model control group and the middle-dose PBCRS group for genetic testing. Based on RNA-seq, key differential genes were screened out and verified by Real-time PCR. Result: Comparing with the DMBA model control group, the tumor volume and tumor weight in middle-dose PBCRS group were decreased significantly (PPConclusion: PBCRS may inhibit the occurrence of breast cancer by interfering with the expression of FBP1 in breast cancer tissue.

Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on PCP Signaling Pathway and Ciliogenesis in Vascular Endothelial Cells / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of different fluid shear stress (FSS) on the regulation of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, and further to explore the relationship among FSS, PCP signaling pathway and ciliogenesis. Methods The hydrodynamic cell model of adjustable FSS was established. qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the mRNA expression of PCP signaling pathway core protein Dvl2 and cilia assembly protein IFT88, cell targeting and co-localization under different FSS. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of Dvl2 at 18 h under different FSS. Results The qPCR result showed that compared with 1.5 Pa FSS, under 0.1 Pa FSS, the mRNA expression of Dvl2 was higher at 6 h and 18 h (P＜0.05), significantly higher at 12 h (P＜0.01); the mRNA expression of IFT88 was significantly higher at 18 h (P＜0.01). The WB result showed that compared with 0 h, under 0.1 Pa FSS, the protein expression of Dvl2 was higher at 18 h (P＜0.05), significantly lower under 1.5 Pa FSS (P＜0.01); compared with 1.5 Pa FSS, the protein expression of Dvl2 was higher at 18 h under 0.1 Pa FSS (P＜0.05). The immunofluorescence result showed that the positive expression of Dvl2 increased with the loading time on FSS increasing, and gradually aggregated at a point around the nucleus; the positive expression of IFT88 was gradually transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and aggregated at a point under 0.1 Pa FSS, and gradually decreased and depolymerized under 1.5 Pa FSS. Protein Dvl2 and IFT88 were located in the same position in cells under 0.1 Pa FSS and before 18 h under 1.5 Pa FSS, and colocalization of proteins Dvl2 and IFT88 was not observed after 18 h under 1.5 Pa FSS due to IFT88 depolymerization. Conclusions Laminar FSS played an inhibition on the transduction of PCP signaling pathway and a hindrance on the process of ciliogenesis, while low FSS played a promotion on the transduction. PCP signaling pathway might regulate FSS-induced ciliogenesis by Dvl2.

Function of planar cell polarity in lens development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Regarded as a complex biological process, lens development involves a range of signal molecules and their crosstalk networks. Recently,the role of planar cell polarity(PCP)signaling pathway in lens development has attracted increasing attention. It has been reported that PCP is critical for lens morphology and transparency maintaining. The studies performed on PCP serve to provide guidelines on how to optimize the morphology of regenerated lens. This is thought as presenting an effective therapy for infant cataract from a clinical perspective. This article will give a comprehensive review of the role of PCP signaling pathways in the lens development.

Evaluation of Real-time PCR and Gomori-Methenamine Silver Stain for Diagnosing of Pneumocystis Pneumonia / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To compare real-time PCR and gomori-methenamine silver stain in the diagnosis of pneumocystis peumonia (PCP).Methods 2 525 unrepeated specimens from suspected PCP patient admitted in Peaking Union Medical College Hospital were collected in 2014.2 492 samples were detected by gomori-methenamine silver stain,33 samples were detected by real-time PCR,and 429 samples were detected by both methods at the meanwhile.With clinical diagnosis as reference standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two methods were analysised.Results Positive rate of gomori-methenamine silver stain was 1.2 ％ (30/2 492).The first three specimen types were sputum,tracheal intubation suction and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,the positive rate was 0.70 ％ (13/1 845),4.00％ (10/250) and 2.72％ (7/257) respectively.Positive rate of realtime PCR was 34.20％ (158/462),and the positive rate of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 30.61％ (105/343) and 44.54％ (53/119) respectively.The sensitivity were 13.97％ vs 72.07％,specificity were 100％ vs 94.24％,positive predictive value were 100％ vs 92.14％ and negative predictive value were 55.36％ vs 78.26％ for gomori-methenamine silver stain and real-time PCR respectively.All of which were statistically significant analysed by x2 test for paired data.The x2 value and P alue were x2 =68.625,P＜0.01;x2 =4.296,P＜0.05;x2 =6.380,P＜0.01 and x2 =11.873,P＜0.01.Conclusion The real-time PCR had higher sensitivity,fewer interference factors and more clinical diagnostic value,so clinicians should make more use of real-time PCR to diagnose PCP earlier.

Enfermedades oportunistas en pacientes VIH/sida con debut de sida que reciben tratamiento antirretroviral / Opportunistic diseases observed in HIV/aids patients with onset of aids and antiretroviral treatment

INTRODUCCIÓN: el debut del sida es una forma de presentación de la enfermedad caracterizada por alteración del estado general, síndrome de desgaste, graves infecciones oportunistas, neoplasias y alteraciones neurológicas. El tratamiento con antirretrovirales ha aumentado la esperanza de vida de estos pacientes. OBJETIVOS: identificar las enfermedades oportunistas, asociadas a la condición clínica de los pacientes bajo estudio, y su relación con el conteo de linfocitos T CD4+ y la carga viral así como, evaluar la mortalidad en el grupo de pacientes estudiados y su relación con las enfermedades oportunistas. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo de corte transversal. El tamaño de la muestra estuvo condicionado al universo total de pacientes VIH/sida del servicio de Medicina del Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí". La muestra (55 pacientes) se seleccionó, se tuvo en cuenta los sujetos que fueron diagnosticados con debut de sida y presentaron enfermedades oportunistas durante un año. RESULTADOS: las enfermedades oportunistas infecciosas como neurotoxoplasmosis 21,8 % y neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii 12,7 % fueron los eventos definitorios de sida predominantes. No hubo asociación estadística significativa, con el conteo bajo de linfocitos T CD4+ bajos y carga viral elevada. En los pacientes mayores de 50 años con más de una enfermedad oportunista el riesgo de morir fue 4,72 veces mayor que para el resto. CONCLUSIONES: las enfermedades oportunistas infecciosas como neurotoxoplasmosis y Pneumocystis jirovecii,fueron los eventos definitorios de sida predominantes. La mortalidad asociada a sida en los pacientes mayores de 50 años aumentó en los individuos que presentaron más de una enfermedad oportunista. Estos resultados son útiles para el diseño de estrategias de tratamiento que disminuyan la aparición de las enfermedades oportunistas y mejoren aun más, la supervivencia de los pacientes VIH/sida.

INTRODUCTION: onset of aids is a form of presentation of the disease that is characterized by altered general condition, wornout syndrome, serious opportunistic infections, neoplasias and neurological alterations. The antiretroviral treatment has increased the life expectancy of these patients. OBJECTIVES: to identify the opportunistic diseases associated to the clinical condition under study and their linking to the CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the viral load as well as to evaluate the mortality in the studied group and its relationship with opportunistic diseases. METHODS: prospective, observational and cross-sectional study of a sample of 55 patients. The size of the sample depended on the total universe of HIV/aids patients in the medicine service of "Pedro Kouri" Tropical Medicine Institute. The study took into account those subjects who were diagnosed with onset of aids and presented with opportunistic diseases during one year. RESULTS: infectious opportunistic diseases such as neurotoxoplasmosis (21.8 %) and pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (12.7 %) were the predominant defining events of aids. There was no statistically significant association with low CD4+ T lymphocyte count and high viral load. In patients over 50 years of age with more than one opportunistic disease, the risk of dying was 4.72 times higher than in the rest of the group. CONCLUSIONS: infectious opportunistic diseases as neurotoxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii were the prevailing defining events of aids. Aids-associated mortality in patients aged over 50 years increased in individuals who presented more than one opportunistic disease. These results are useful for the design of treatment strategies that reduce the occurrence of opportunistic diseases and improve even more the survival of HIV/aids patients.

Clinical analysis of 23 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP)in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods AIDS patients with PCP were searched through computer medical record information system,clinical data were analyzed retrospectively,patients were divided into respiratory failure group (n= 1 1 )and non-respiratory failure group (n= 1 2 ),partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood(PaO2 ),degree of blood oxygen saturation(SaO2 ),CD4+T lymphocyte,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) between two groups were compared. Results 23 patients generally had the symptoms of weight loss,oral leukoplakia, shortness of breath,dyspnea,fever,cough,and expectoration. PaO2 value in 23 patients was (78.65±30.85)mmHg,partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)was (24.42±5.60)mmHg,pH value was(7.43±0.79),SaO2 was (91.16±9.55)% ;SaO2 and PaO2 in respiratory failure group was lower than non-respiratory failure group,the difference was significant (both P<0.05).Lung computed tomography (CT)scans showed bilateral pulmonary ground-glass-like change. 21 patients used compound sulfamethoxazole tablets,1 patient used compound sulfamethoxazole tablets plus clindamycin,1 patient used only clindamycin,17 patients used glucocorticoid in addition to compound sulfamethoxazole;after treatment,20 patients improved,2 died,and 1 gave up treatment.Conclusion Subacute progressive dyspnea,fever,dry cough,and lung ground-glass-like shadow are common symptoms of PCP in AIDS patients,compound sulfamethoxazole or compound sulfamethoxazole with clindamycin can be used for treatment,glucocorticoid can obviously alleviate the symptoms of patients.

Bioremediation of PCP by Trichoderma and Cunninghamella Strains Isolated from Sawdust

Four fungal isolates, SD12, SD14, SD19 and SD20 isolated from the aged sawdust grew on agar plates supplemented with PCP up to a concentration of 100 mg L-1. At high PCP concentration, isolate SD12 showed the highest radial growth rate of 10 mm day-1, followed by SD14 and SD19 both with 4.5 mm day-1 and SD20 with 4.2 mm day-1. Ultrastructural study on the effect of PCP on the PCP tolerant fungi using scanning electron microscope showed that high concentration of PCP caused the collapse of both fungal hyphae and spores. Among the four PCP tolerant fungi examined, isolate SD12 showed the least structural damage at high PCP concentration of 100 mg L-1. This fungal isolate was further characterized and identified as Cunninghamella sp. UMAS SD12. Preliminary PCP biodegradation trial performed in liquid minimal medium supplemented with 20 mg L-1 of PCP using Cunninghamella sp. UMAS SD12 showed that the degradation up to 51.7% of PCP in 15 days under static growth condition.

Sulfanilamide desensitization treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with Pneumocystis pneumonia: a case report and case analysis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical manifestations of one case systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP), and the process that in accordance with the treatment guidelines of the patients who had a history of sulfa allergy in patients with sulfa desensitization program treatment. METHODS: Involved in the discussion of treatment of a patient in our hospitals intensive care unit who has systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) complicated with Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) and history of sulfur allergy, and analyze the clinical data of the patient retrospectively. RESULTS: The middle-aged women suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (systemic lupus erythematosus; SLE) combined Pneumocystis pneumonia (Pneumocystis pneumonia, PCP) infection. Due to her history of sulfa drug allergies, antibiotics and sulfa desensitization treatment were given. Symptoms were eased sputum smear PCP (negative). CONCLUSION: The infection is generally the main life-threatening reason to patients with autoimmune disease in clinical, taking a comprehensive treatment is a necessary measure for patients with SLE combined PCP for the patients who are allergic to Sulfa drugs with contraindications or undesirable effects using alternative drug. Desensitization treatment may be one of the choices for these patients. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Vangl2 and planar cell polarity signaling in cardiac development / 国际儿科学杂志

Planar cell polarity pathway regulates cell polarity and polarized cell movements.Recent studies in mouse models have found mutations in several genes in this pathway and specifically in the Vangl2 gene,which results in abnormalities in cardiac development,suggesting Vangl2 and this pathway play an important role in heart development.This review mainly elucidates the mechanisms regulated by the Vangl2 gene and PCP pathway during outflow tract development and the formation of the coronary vasculature.

Influence of lignin, pentachlorophenol and heavy metal on antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pulp paper mill effluent contaminated river water.

Pulp paper mill pollutants are the major source of aquatic contamination having metals, lignin and chlorophenols. Study was conducted to see the effect of these contaminants on antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria. Pulp paper effluents were evaluated for its physico-chemical properties i.e, BOD 72143±164. 81 to 22.32±2.48, COD 213136±583.59 to 60.40±6.34, total phenol 386±71.24 to 0.43±0.0, lignin 26312±258.59 to 73.67±31.81and microbial quality i.e. K. pneumonae, S. typhi, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, Ent. faecalis, A. hydrophila, B. subtilis, S.aureus, Y. enterolitica and V. vulrificus. Antibiotic sensitivity (10-30 ?g), heavy metal resistance (100-1000 ?g ml-1), lignin (1000-10,000 ppm) and pentachlorophenol (100-1000 ppm) tolerance of bacterial strains were assessed by seven classes of antibiotics. Eleven bacterial isolates were found multidrug resistant towards antibiotics, heavy metal, lignin and PCP. Out of 11 isolates, 90.9% were found resistant against eleven antibiotics which acquired 100% resistant in presence of heavy metal, lignin and chlorophenols. Results also revealed that concentration of lignin (50-350 ppm) and PCP (5-30 ppm) induced maximum growth (273-8050 cfu ml-1) of pathogenic bacteria in river water.

Rapid Changes in D1 and D2 Dopamine Receptor Binding in Striatal Subregions after a Single Dose of Phencyclidine

OBJECTIVE: In humans, a single exposure to phencyclidine (PCP) can induce a schizophrenia-like psychosis which can persist for up to two weeks. In rats, an acute dose of PCP increases dopaminergic activity and causes changes in dopamine related behaviours some of which are sexually dimorphic. To better understand the effects of PCP on dopamine receptor adaptations in the short term we examined dopamine D1-like receptors (D1R) and D2-like receptors (D2R) in the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways, 4 hours after exposure to PCP in female rats. METHODS: Animals received a single dose of 40 mg/kg PCP and were sacrificed 4 hours later. In vitro autoradiography was carried out using [3H] SCH 23390 and [3H] raclopride that target D1R and D2R respectively, in cryostat brain sections. RESULTS: Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA), revealed an overall effect of PCP treatment (F [1,63]=9.065; p=0.004) on D1R binding with an 18% decrease (p<0.01) in binding in the medial caudate putamen. PCP treatment also had an overall effect on D2R binding (F [1,47]=5.450; p=0.024) and a trend for an increase in D2R binding across all the brain regions examined. CONCLUSION: These results suggest opposing D1R and D2R adaptations in striatal subregions of female rats following acute exposure to PCP that may occur through indirect mechanisms.

Diagnóstico de pneumocystis jirovecii por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa / Pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction technique

La neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP) es una infección respiratoria grave, considerada como una de las complicaciones más comunes en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. En Venezuela existen pocas investigaciones sobre la PCP, todas ellas realizadas usando la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa (IFD). Actualmente es necesario disponer de métodos adicionales de detección para esta enfermedad, que en conjunto con los métodos convencionales, incrementen los rangos de sensibilidad y especificidad, para proporcionar un diagnóstico precoz. En este estudio se pretende implementar la técnica de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) para el diagnóstico de Pneumocystis jirovecii. Para ello se utilizaron 62 muestras del tracto respiratorio provenientes de pacientes con SIDA, cáncer e infección respiratoria baja sin SIDA ni cáncer. Las muestras fueron procesadas por la técnica de IFD y por la técnica de PCR anidado, usando cebadores externos (pAZ102-E y pAZ102-H) e internos (pAZ102-X y pAZ102-Y), dirigidos a la región de la subunidad mayor mitocondrial (mtLSUrRNA) del genoma de P. jirovecii, propuestos por Wakefield et al. Los resultados obtenidos por PCR fueron comparados con los de IFD (como técnica de referencia), mediante la prueba de X 2 y se calcularon valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos (VP), razones de verosimilitud (RV), errores y concordancia para la técnica de PCR. Se detectó P. jirovecii en 14 pacientes por la técnica de IFD y en 24 por PCR. La técnica de PCR tiene valores de S=100%; E=79,2%; VPP=58,3%; VPN=100%; RVP=4,8; RVN=0,3 y una concordancia de 84%. En conclusión, la PCR es una prueba de alto valor diagnóstico ya que predice con éxito la ausencia de la PCP cuando el resultado es negativo. Un resultado positivo no discrimina colonización de infección, por lo tanto, debe ser interpretado con precaución tomando en cuenta la clínica del paciente.

The Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a severe respiratory infection, considered one of the most common complications in immunocompromised patients. In Venezuela there are few researches on PCP, all of them by us ing direct immunofluores cence technique (DIF). Currently, it is necessary to have ot her methods to detect this infection additionally to the use of conventional methods, in order to provide an early diagnosis with the increas e of the sensibility and specificity ranges of detection. This study aims to implement the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Sixty two (62) clinical samples coming from AIDS, cancer and non- AIDS-non cancer low respiratory tract infections patients were processed by DIF and nested PCR techniques. The external (pAZ102-E and pAZ102-H) and internal (pAZ102-X and pAZ102-Y) primers targeting the mitochondrial Large Subunit RNA region (mtLSUrRNA) of P. jirovecii genome, proposed by Wakefield et al, were used in the nested PCR. The PCR results were compared with those of DIF (as the reference technique) using the X 2 test. Also, values of sensibility (S), specificity (E), xii predictive values (PV), verisimilitude reasons (VR), errors and agreement for The PCR techniques were calculated. P. jirovecii was detected by DIF in 14 patients and by PCR in 24 patients. PCR had values of S=100%; E=79,2%; PPV=58,3%; NPV=100%; PVR=4,8; NVR= 0 ,3 and an agreement of 84%. In conclusion, PCR is a high diagnostic value technique that successfully predicts the absence of PCP with a negative result. A positive result does not discriminate against infection colonization, therefore, it should be interpreted with caution taking into account the patient's clinic.

Expression, purification and characterization of PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein in mammal cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To construct the extracellular region of PCP-2(PCP-2EC) and the immunoglobin IgG Fc fusi on protein expression vector,and then express and purify the soluble PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein for the study of its function in neuronal adhesion. Methods: PCP-2 extracellular region was amplified and cloned into an expression vector pIGplus containing human IgG Fc; PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed by COS-7 and 293 cells transfected by the constructed plasmid and purified by protein A. The purified fusion protein was used as substrate to study its function in neuronal adhesion. Results: PCP2 extracellular region was cloned into IgG Fc expression vector successfully; PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed and purified in mammal cells; and the purified fusion protein promoted neuronal adhesion. Conclusion:PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein expression system is successfully constructed and the purified fusion protein can promote neuronal adhesion. These results lay a foundation for the research on the PCP-2 function in neuronal adhesion and the further functional study in the nervous system and other fields.

Expression, purification and characterization of PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein in mammal cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To construct the extracellular region of PCP-2(PCP-2EC) and the immunoglobin IgG Fc fusi on protein expression vector,and then express and purify the soluble PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein for the study of its function in neuronal adhesion. Methods: PCP-2 extracellular region was amplified and cloned into an expression vector pIGplus containing human IgG Fc; PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed by COS-7 and 293 cells transfected by the constructed plasmid and purified by protein A. The purified fusion protein was used as substrate to study its function in neuronal adhesion. Results: PCP2 extracellular region was cloned into IgG Fc expression vector successfully; PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed and purified in mammal cells; and the purified fusion protein promoted neuronal adhesion. Conclusion:PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein expression system is successfully constructed and the purified fusion protein can promote neuronal adhesion. These results lay a foundation for the research on the PCP-2 function in neuronal adhesion and the further functional study in the nervous system and other fields.

Expression, purification and characterization of PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein in mammal cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To construct the extracellular region of PCP-2(PCP-2EC) and the immunoglobin IgG Fc fusi on protein expression vector,and then express and purify the soluble PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein for the study of its function in neuronal adhesion. Methods: PCP-2 extracellular region was amplified and cloned into an expression vector pIGplus containing human IgG Fc; PCP-2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed by COS-7 and 293 cells transfected by the constructed plasmid and purified by protein A. The purified fusion protein was used as substrate to study its function in neuronal adhesion. Results: PCP2 extracellular region was cloned into IgG Fc expression vector successfully; PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein was expressed and purified in mammal cells; and the purified fusion protein promoted neuronal adhesion. Conclusion:PCP 2EC/Fc fusion protein expression system is successfully constructed and the purified fusion protein can promote neuronal adhesion. These results lay a foundation for the research on the PCP-2 function in neuronal adhesion and the further functional study in the nervous system and other fields.

A case of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonitis Mimicking Pneumoncystis carinii Pneumoni in HIV-positive patient / 결핵

The prevalence of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis(NSIP) in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary disease has varied from 11 to 38%. But NSIP in HIV-positive patients is indistinguishable from Pneu mocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) clinically and radiologically. The number of HIV-positive patients is less in Korea than in western developed countries, so little attention has been paid to the differential diagnosis between NSIP and PCP. We report a case of NSIP in HIV-positive, 61-year-old man which mimicked PCP. He presented with cough, sputum and mild exertional dyspnea. Lung sound was clear. But, chest X-ray and HRCT demonstrated diffuse patch and bilateral ground-glass opacities in central and perihilar area of both lung. Microbial pathogens were not found on sputum, BAL flued and tissues taken by TBLB. In transbronchial lung biopsy specimen, interstitial infiltrates with lymphocytes were distributed on peribronchiolar regions. A pathlolgic diagnosis of NSIP was suggested, he received symptomatic treatment. The follow-up chest X-ray showed near complete resolution.

A Case of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia with Histopathologic Finding of Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Organizing Pneumonia in Patient with AIDS / 결핵

PCP remains the leading cause of deaths in patients with AIDS. As familiarity with PCP increases, atypical manifestations of the diseases are being recognized with greater frequency. There are following "atypical" manifestations of PCP; 1) interstitial lung response that include diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis obliterance, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate 2) striking localized process frequently exhibiting granulomatous features 3) extensive necrosis & cavitation 4) extrapulmonary dissemination of the disease. A wide variety of pathologic manifestations may occur in PCP in human immunodeficiency virus- infected patienst and that atypical features should be sought in lung biopsies from patients at risk for PCP. We had experienced a case of PCP, which presented with severe hypoxia, progressive dyspnea and fine crackles. It was diagnosed as PCP in AIDS with manifestation of BOOP by open lung biopsy and showed good response to Bactrim & corticosteroid therapy.

Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltration Rapidly Progressed after the Chemotherapy of a Patient with Malignant Lymphoma / 결핵

Acute respiratory failure with diffuse pulmonary infiltration was occurred in a patient with malignant lymphoma 1month after the 8th CHOP chemotherapy. The ground glass and consolidation appearances on chest C-T in this immunodeficient patient could be presented in many clinical situations such as pneumonia by opportunistic infections(fungal, parasites, viral, and usual bacterial pathogens), anti-tumor drug's pulmonary toxicity and tumor invasion. And the other diseases of acute interstitial pneumonitis, alveolar proteinosis, BOOP, pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage, which could present the same radiological findings, should included in differential diagnosis. This patient was diagnosed as the opportunistic pneumonia by Pneumocystis carinii and probably Cytomegalovirus through bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy.

Two Cases of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in Renal Allograft Recipients / 대한신장학회잡지

Renal allograft recipients are at risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) within the first year following transplantation and during treatment for graft rejection. We experienced two cases of PCP in renal allograft recipients. The first case was a 39-year-old female who had received renal allograft 7 years before. At the time of traosplantation, she was a carrier of hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen. After transplantation, she had been received the rnaintenance dose of cyclosporine and oral prednisolone. Three months before adrnission, dosage of prednisolone was increased because of the increased serum creatinine level and gene-ralized edema. A week before admission, syrnptom of exertional dyspnea, dry cough, and fever was developed. Chest X-ray film showed streaky interstitial infiltration in both lung fields and chest CT showed diffuse ground-glass appearance. Rroncho- alveolar lavage revealed positive Grocott's methenamine silver stain for numerous clumps of pneumocystis carinii cysts. Despite the aggressive treatment, she died of respiratory and hepatic failure and GI bleeding. Another case was a 40-year-old male who had received renal allograft S years before. He had been received maintenance immune suppressive therapy with cyclosporine and oral prednisolone. He was admitted for evaluation of hypertension and elevated serum creatinine level. After several days of admission, he complained fever, dry cough and dyspnea. X-ray film showed pneumonic infiltration and the bronchial brushing and washing fluid revealed the Pneumocystis carinii cysts that were stained by methenamine silver. He was treated with the full dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin. Sacrificing the renal allograft, he recovered from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.