Résumé
El maltrato sexual infantil es un tema complejo que debe tratarse de manera seria y responsable, sobre todo porque ha venido incrementándose de manera alarmante en los últimos tiempos. En este artículo se aborda tan importante tema y se ofrece evidencias de 4 casos de abuso sexual en niños indefensos, cuyos sucesos no fueron denunciados a las autoridades judiciales por parte de los padres, debido a prejuicios y lazos de familiaridad o de amistad con los victimarios. El objetivo es despertar en los padres y familiares, sobre todo de los niños más desprotegidos (por discapacidades físicas o mentales o por la edad), la agudeza para detectar a tiempo un posible acto de esta índole y evitarlo, así como sensibilizar a todos en la protección de la inocencia infantil contra perpetradores inescrupulosos.
Child sexual abuse is a complex topic which should be treated in a serious and responsable way, above all because it has been increasing in an alarming way in the last times. In the work, this important topic is analized, and evidencies of 4 sexual abuses in defenseless children are presented, cases which were not denounced to the judicial authorities by their parents due to prejudices and familiarity or friendship links with the perpetrator. The objective is to awake in parents and relatives, above all from defenseless children (due to physical or mental discapacities or due to age), the acuity to detect on time a possible case and to avoid it, as well as to raise awareness to all in the protection of childhood inocence against unscrupulous perpetrators.
Sujets)
Violence sexuelle chez l'enfant , Maltraitance des enfants , Pédophilie , Santé de l'enfantRésumé
Abstract The aim of this study is identify potential factors associated with child sexual abuse confirmation at forensic examinations. The forensic files of children under 12 years of age reporting sexual abuse at the Nina Rodrigues Institute of Forensic Medicine in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil between January 2008 and December 2009 were reviewed. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with finding evidence of sexual abuse in forensic examinations. The proportion of cases confirmed by the forensic physician based on material evidence was 10.4%. Adjusted analysis showed that the variables place of birth, type of abuse reported, family relationship between the child and the perpetrator, and the interval between the reported abuse and the forensic examination were not independently associated with finding forensic evidence of sexual abuse. A report of penetration was associated with a five-fold greater likelihood of confirmation, while the victim being 10-11 years of age was associated with a two-fold of abuse confirmation than younger children. These findings should be taken into consideration when drawing up guidelines for the multidisciplinary evaluation of children suspected of being victims of sexual abuse and in deciding whether to refer the child for forensic examination.
Resumo O Objetivo deste estudo é identificar potenciais fatores associados à confirmação de abuso sexual infantil no exame médico legal. Foram revisados os laudos de sexologia forense realizados em crianças menores que 12 anos que relataram abuso sexual no Instituto Médico Legal de Salvador, Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2009. Análise multivariada foi utilizada para identificar fatores relacionados à confirmação de abuso sexual pelo exame médico forense. A proporção de casos confirmados pelo médico legista com base em evidencia material foi de 10,4%. A análise ajustada demostrou que as variáveis naturalidade, tipo do relato de abuso, parentesco com o agressor, e intervalo entre o abuso relatado e a perícia não estão independentemente relacionadas à confirmação de abuso sexual em exame de corpo de delito. A presença de relato de penetração estava associada a uma chance cinco vezes maior de confirmação, e a faixa etária de 10 a 11 anos apresentou uma chance duas vezes maior de ter casos confirmados do que crianças menores. Estes dados devem ser levados em conta no planejamento de diretrizes para a avaliação multidisciplinar de crianças com suspeita de serem vítimas de abusos sexual e na decisão de encaminhamento para exame de corpo de delito.