Prevalência de Influenza A, vírus sincicial respiratório eSARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com síndrome respiratóriaaguda grave em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of Influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus andSARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratorysyndrome in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.

Estruturação do plano de imunização no combate a covid-19: (des)ordem nos acordos entre os poderes / Structuring the immunization plan to fight covid-19: (dis)order in agreements between the powers / Estructura del plan de inmunización para combatir el covid-19: (des)orden en acuerdos entre potencias

Objetivo: Fomentar o debate acerca da ordenação do plano de vacinação nacional, considerando os aspectos organizacionais entre união, estados e municípios. Métodos: Revisão de literatura, tendo como base os periódicos Cientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), usando como descritores: Pandemia, Vacina e Plano de Imunização. Com essa busca foram encontradas, inicialmente, 48 publicações. Após a realização da análise, foram incluídos 11 artigos científicos na revisão. Os textos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica. Resultados: Foram levantadas duas categorias: estratégias de combate a pandemia do covid-19 no Brasil, e a manipulação da sociedade civil e a desordem da cobertura vacinal. Conclusão: as reflexões aqui apresentadas podem contribuir para que os profissionais de enfermagem desenvolvam uma postura reflexiva frente a demanda vacinal, processo de planejamento e percepções da sociedade civil, podendo desencadear uma melhora na preparação para a educação em saúde. (AU)

Objective: To encourage the debate about the ordering of the national vaccination plan, considering the organizational aspects between the union, states and municipalities. Methods: Literature review, based on scientific journals Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using as descriptors: Pandemia, Vaccine and Immunization Plan. With this search, 48 publications were initially found. After the analysis, 11 scientific articles were included in the review. The texts were subjected to semantic content analysis. Results: Two categories were raised: strategies to combat the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, and the manipulation of civil society and the disorder of vaccination coverage. Conclusion: The reflections presented here can contribute for nursing professionals to develop a reflexive posture in face of the vaccine demand, planning process and civil society perceptions, which can trigger an improvement in the preparation for health education. (AU)

Objetivo: Fomentar el debate sobre la ordenación del plan nacional de vacunación, considerando los aspectos organizativos entre sindicato, estados y municipios. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura, con base en revistas científicas Biblioteca Electrónica en Línea (SCIELO), Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores: Pandemia, Vacuna y Plan de Inmunización. Con esta búsqueda se encontraron inicialmente 48 publicaciones. Después del análisis, se incluyeron 11 artículos científicos en la revisión. Los textos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido semántico. Resultados: Se plantearon dos categorías: estrategias para combatir la pandemia de covid-19 en Brasil y la manipulación de la sociedad civil y el desorden de la cobertura de vacunación. Conclusión: Las reflexiones aquí presentadas pueden contribuir para que los profesionales de enfermería desarrollen una postura reflexiva ante la demanda de vacunas, el proceso de planificación y las percepciones de la sociedad civil, lo que puede desencadenar una mejora en la preparación para la educación en salud. (AU)

Salud Mental en estudiantes universitarios en aislamiento social durante la pandemia COVID-19. Arequipa, Perú

Introducción: La Pandemia COVID-19, ha tenido impactos negativos en la salud física y mental de las personas, así como las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos, para prevenir el contagio masivo de la población como el confinamiento, el aislamiento social, el trabajo y educación virtual. Dentro de los afectados por estos cambios, se encontrarían los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud, que además de estudiar en estas condiciones de pandemia, no han podido hacer sus prácticas de los servicios de salud. Esta situación de exposición al aislamiento, podría afectar la salud mental de los jóvenes estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con variables sociodemográficas y las características del aislamiento social durante la Pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 818 estudiantes universitarios de facultades de ciencias de la salud, mediante el cuestionario autoadministrado DASS-21. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron: una mayor prevalencia en niveles altos (severos y extremadamente severos) en la ansiedad, alcanzado casi a 4 de cada 10 de los evaluados; por otro lado, en depresión y el estrés, 2 de cada 10 de los evaluados, se encontraron en los niveles mencionados. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, las relacionadas con el COVID-19 y aislamiento social, se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el género (mujeres > varones), el haber tenido COVID-19 (Sí > No) y vivir con familiares como antes de la pandemia (Sí > No) obtuvieron en promedio mayores puntajes en depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Los estudiantes que presentaron mayor depresión, ansiedad y estrés con una diferencia significativa fueron de género femenino, con antecedentes de haber tenido Covid-19, menor contacto con familiares y haber cumplido con aislamiento social total.

Introduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic has had negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people, as well as the measures adopted by governments to prevent the massive contagion of the population, such as confinement, social isolation, virtual work, and virtual education. Among those affected by these changes would be university students in the health area who, in addition to studying in these pandemic conditions, have been unable to do their health service practices. This situation of exposure to isolation could affect the mental health of young university students. Objective: To determine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in university students, their relationship with sociodemographic variables, and the characteristics of social isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was carried out with a sample of 818 university students from health sciences faculties using the DASS-21 self-administered questionnaire. Results: The main findings were a higher prevalence of high levels (severe and highly severe) in anxiety, reaching almost 4 out of 10 of those evaluated; On the other hand, in depression and stress, 2 out of 10 of those evaluated were found at the mentioned levels. Concerning the sociodemographic variables, those related to COVID-19 and social isolation, statistically significant differences were found with gender (women > men), having had COVID-19 (Yes > No), and living with relatives as before. On average, the pandemic (Yes > No) obtained higher scores in depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion: The students who presented greater depression, anxiety, and stress with a significant difference were female, with a history of having had Covid-19, less contact with family members, and having complied with total social isolation

Impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en el índice de masa corporal de niños asistidos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the body mass index of children seen in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil constituyen un problema de salud pública. El inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 pudo haber favorecido esta patología. El puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal (Z-IMC) es un indicador aceptado para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar si la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó durante la pandemia. Población y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en efectores públicos de salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GCABA), de 2 a 5 años de edad, con registro de peso y talla en dos consultas, antes y después de haber comenzado el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Se registró estado nutricional (Z-IMC) y variación del Z-IMC entre ambas consultas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3866 sujetos, edad promedio 3,4 ± 0,8 años; el 48,1 % fueron mujeres. El intervalo promedio entre consultas fue 14,3 ± 2,5 meses. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad aumentó del 12,6 % (IC95% 11,6-13,6) al 20,9 % (IC95% 19,6-22-2); p <0,001, al igual que el Z-IMC (0,4 ± 1,1 vs. 0,8 ± 1,3; p <0,001). Conclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó significativamente durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to this condition. The body mass index (BMI) Z-score has been accepted as an indicator for overweight and obesity diagnosis and follow-up. Objective. To assess whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased during the pandemic. Population and methods. Retrospective, cohort study. Patients included were those seen at public health care facilities in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), who were aged 2 to 5 years, had weight and height values recorded at 2 different visits, before and after the establishment of the preventive and mandatory social isolation policy. Patients' nutritional status (BMI Z-score) and the variation in this indicator between both visits were recorded. Results. A total of 3866 subjects were assessed; their average age was 3.4 ± 0.8 years; 48.1% were girls. The average interval between both visits was 14.3 ± 2.5 months. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity increased from 12.6% (95% CI: 11.6­13.6) to 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6­22.2), p < 0.001, and so did the BMI Z-score (0.4 ± 1.1 versus 0.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased significantly during the pandemic.

Alteraciones psiquiátricas en pacientes con antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Psychiatric alterations in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objetivo: Caracterizar los trastornos mentales de los pacientes consultantes del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas enero 2020 ­enero 2021, que acudieron por primera vez y habían presentado infección por COVID-19 3 a 6 meses antes de consultar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Universitario de Caracas para emergencia (por primera vez y sucesivas) por presentar patologías mentales durante y posterior a infección por COVID-19 durante el periodo enero 2020-enero 2021. Resultados: De 718 pacientes, 53 que acudieron con patologías mentales habían presentado infección previa por COVID-19 representando el 7,38%. Edad promedio 27-29 años (66,03 %). La mayoría del sexo femenino (71,69 %). El 77,35 % provenían del Distrito Capital; el 18,86 % del estado Miranda, siendo el estado civil predominante la soltería con 73,58 %; el 56,60 % estaban desempleados y el 79,24 % no poseían nivel de instrucción. En relación a los diagnósticos: trastorno depresivo mayor con síntomas ansiosos (30,18 %), trastorno depresivo (18,86 %), episodio maniforme (1,88 %) episodio psicótico agudo (18,86 %), trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (7,54 %), entre otros. Conclusión: Los síntomas psiquiátricos originados por infección por COVID-19 aparecen de forma más tardía y persisten después de la infección. Las mujeres manifestaron mayor riesgo de presentar síntomas relacionados con la salud mental; se asocia a alto nivel de vulnerabilidad a causa de la influencia de los roles sociales, ciclo reproductivo y mayor morbilidad psiquiátrica(AU)

Objective: To characterize the mental disorders of the consulting patients of the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas January 2020 -January 2021, who came for the first time and hapresented COVID-19 infection 3 to 6 monthsbefore consulting. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients who attended the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Caracas for emergencies (for the first time and successive ones) due to presenting mental pathologies during and after COVID-19 during the period January 2020-January 2021. Results: Of 718 patients, 53 who came with mental pathologies had previous COVID-19 infection, representing 7.38%. Average age 27-29 years(66.03%). The majority were female (71.69%). 77.35% came from the Capital District; 18.86% from the state of Miranda, with the predominant marital status being single with 73.58%; 56.60% were unemployed and 79.24% had no educational level. In relation to the diagnoses: major depressive disorder with anxious symptoms (30.18%), depressive disorder (18.86%), maniform episode (1.88%), acute psychotic episode (18.86%), generalized anxiety disorder (7.54%), among others. Conclusion: Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection appear later and persist after infection. Women expressed a greater risk of presenting symptoms related to mental health; It is associated with a high level of vulnerability due to the influence of social roles, reproductive cycle and greater psychiatric morbidit(AU)

Nivel de ansiedad y miedo al covid-19 en médicos de la contingencia respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas, durante la pandemia por el SARS-COV-2 / Anxiety and covid-19 fear in respiratory contingency of Clinical Hospital physicians during SARS-COV-2 pandemic

Introducción: Como ocurrió en todos los hospitales, los profesionales del Hospital de Clínicas sufrieron elevada presión física y psicológica. Estudios previos, sobre todo realizados en China, ya sugerían que los profesionales sanitarios eran especialmente vulnerables al malestar psicológico derivado de la pandemia. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de ansiedad y miedo al COVID 19 en los médicos del área de Contingencia respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transverso, de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, en individuos de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, en médicos del área de Contingencia respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo durante la pandemia por el SARS-COV2. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 68 médicos, de los cuales el 63% fueron del sexo femenino, la edad promedio de los participantes fue de 31 años (±4,48). La mayoría de los encuestados fueron residentes. El 75% pertenecen a la especialidad de Medicina Interna. El 30.8% cuenta con 4 dosis de vacuna contra el SARSCOV 2. Presentaron síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 el 44,1%, de los cuales, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: miedo a infectarse con el COVID-19 48,5%; incomodidad al pensar en el COVID19 39,7%; perder la vida a causa del COVID-19 el 30,8%. El 66,1% tiene criterios de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada, de los cuales la mayoría sufre de Ansiedad Leve. Conclusión: Se observa una alta prevalencia de síntomas de Ansiedad y Miedo al COVID-19 en médicos de la Contingencia Respiratoria del Hospital de Clínicas.

Introduction: As happened in all hospitals, the professionals at the Hospital de Clínicas suffered high physical and psychological pressure. Previous studies, especially carried out in China, already suggested that health professionals were especially vulnerable to psychological distress derived from the pandemic. Objectives: Determine the level of anxiety and fear of COVID 19 in doctors of the Respiratory Contingency area of the Hospital de Clínicas. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probabilistic convenience sampling study was carried out in individuals of both sexes, over 18 years of age, in doctors from the Respiratory Contingency area of the Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo during the SARS-COV2 pandemic. Results: 68 doctors were surveyed, of which 63% were female; the average age of the participants was 31 years (±4.48). The majority of respondents were residents. 75% belong to the specialty of Internal Medicine. 30.8% have 4 doses of vaccine against SARSCOV 2. 44.1% presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19, of which the most frequent symptoms were: fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 48. 5%; discomfort when thinking about COVID19 39.7%; 30.8% lose their lives due to COVID-19. 66.1% have criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, of which the majority suffer from Mild Anxiety. Conclusion: A high prevalence of symptoms of Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19 is observed in Respiratory Contingency doctors at the Hospital de Clínicas.

Nomofobia e pandemia: um estudo sobre o medo de ficar desconectado no Brasil / Nomophobia and the pandemic: a study on the fear of being disconnected in Brazil / Nomofobia y pandemia: un estudio sobre el miedo a la desconexión en Brasil

As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação estão presentes na vida humana. Oferecem diversas vantagens, mas podem provocar problemas, entre eles a nomofobia ­ a angústia e o medo de se tornar incomunicável, sem acesso ao smartphone ou à internet. Para avaliar o grau de nomofobia foi criado o Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar em que medida o isolamento social, como medida preventiva à covid-19, interferiu nos índices de nomofobia no Brasil. Foi aplicada uma versão adaptada do instrumento NMP-Q, durante a pandemia, a jovens através das mídias digitais. Os resultados indicam que o isolamento social interferiu no aumento da nomofobia, sobretudo em mulheres de 20 a 29 anos e de 50 a 59 anos, universitárias ou com pós-graduação e ganhando de 10 a 20 salários-mínimos. Este artigo se inscreve no conjunto de estudos internacionais que usaram o NMP-Q para avaliar o medo de ficar desconectado.

The Information and Communication Technologies are present in human life. They offer many advantages, but they can also cause problems, among them nomophobia ­ anguish and fear of becoming incommunicado, without access to a smartphone or internet. To assess the degree of nomophobia, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was created. The objective of this article was to evaluate to what extent the social isolation proposed as a preventive measure against covid-19 interfered in the indices of nomophobia in Brazil. An adapted version of NMP-Q was applied to young people through digital media during the pandemic. The results indicate social isolation interfered with the increase of nomophobia, especially in women aged 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years, with university degree or post-graduation and earning 10 to 20 minimum wages. This article is part of a set of international studies that used the NMP-Q to assess the fear of being disconnected.

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación están cada vez más presentes en la vida humana. Ofrecen numerosas ventajas; pero también pueden causar problemas, entre ellos la nomofobia ­ la angustia y el miedo a quedar incomunicado, sin acceso a smartphone o internet. Para evaluar el grado de nomofobia, se creó el Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). El objetivo fue evaluar hasta qué punto el aislamiento social interfiere en los índices de nomofobia en Brasil. Durante la pandemia se aplicó una versión adaptada del NMP-Q a jóvenes a través de los medios digitales. Los resultados indican que el aislamiento social interfirió en el aumento de la nomofobia, especialmente en mujeres de 20 a 29 años y 50 a 59 años, con título universitario o postgrado y 10 a 20 salarios mínimos. Este artículo forma parte de un conjunto de estudios internacionales que evaluaron el miedo a la desconexión mediante el NMP-Q.

Os jovens e suas práticas de lazer: um olhar diante os decretos da PBH / Young people and their leisure practices: a look at the PBH Decree

O vírus da Covid-19 afetou de diversas formas a população mundial e, com isso, surgiu a necessidade da implementação de medidas sanitárias para evitar sua propagação. Em Belo Horizonte, essas medidas vieram por meio de decretos municipais, que proibiram o funcionamento de serviços considerados não essenciais. A partir desse momento, os jovens acostumados a frequentar bares, festas, shoppings ­ lugares que geram intensa aglomeração ­ se depararam com uma situação inusitada, sendo obrigados a adaptarem suas práticas à rotina do lar. Com o intuito de compreender melhor essas mudanças, realizamos um estudo que analisa os impactos da pandemia nas práticas de lazer desses jovens. Por meio de um questionário aplicado em diversos pontos de lazer da cidade, conseguimos observar como as práticas de lazer dos jovens foram afetadas pela pandemia. Esses resultados enfatizam a importância da adaptabilidade e resiliência dos jovens diante novos desafios.

The Covid-19 virus has affected the global population in various ways, leading to the need for the implementation of sanitary measures to prevent its spread. In Belo Horizonte, these measures came through municipal decrees, which banned the operation of non-essential services. From that moment on, young people accustomed to frequenting bars, parties, and malls ­ places that generate intense crowding ­ found themselves in an unusual situation, being forced to adapt their practices to home life. In order to better understand these changes, we conducted a study analyzing the impacts of the pandemic on the leisure practices of these young people. Through a questionnaire applied at various leisure points in the city, we were able to observe how the leisure practices of young people were affected by the pandemic. These results emphasize the importance of adaptability and resilience of young people in face of new challenges.

Os reflexos da pandemia do novo coronavírus na judicialização do direito à saúde perante o Supremo Tribunal Federal / The effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic on the judicialization of the right to health before the Federal Supreme Court / Las reflexiones de la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus sobre la judicialización del derecho a la salud ante la Suprema Corte Federal

Objetivo: identificar se a situação pandêmica interferiu na extensão e no modo como as questões referentes ao direito à saúde foram apreciadas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Metodologia: foi realizada pesquisa documental, que, após consulta na base de dados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, com o filtro pelo termo "saúde", retornou um total de 1.178 acórdãos, sendo 447 do período pré-pandêmico e 731 do período pandêmico, os quais foram analisados e classificados conforme a pertinência temática. Após os descartes da etapa de classificação, identificaram-se 70 acórdãos no período pré-pandêmico e 167 acórdãos no pandêmico que versam efetivamente sobre o direito à saúde. Resultados: a pandemia impôs inúmeros desafios ao sistema de saúde, de modo que o Poder Judiciário foi instado a se manifestar ante às controvérsias ora instauradas. Nessas manifestações, identificou-se que houve aumento nas demandas de controle concentrado e no quantitativo absoluto de decisões envolvendo o direito à saúde, bem como que qualitativamente, em geral, o padrão decisório anterior foi mantido, embora novos temas tenham surgido. Conclusão: o estudo concluiu que a tendência da Suprema Corte permanece favorável ao reconhecimento de direitos sanitários, tendo, para tal, argumentos como a não ofensa à separação de poderes e a impossibilidade de arguir a reserva do possível para impedir sua concessão.

Objective: to identify whether the pandemic situation interfered with the extent and way in which issues relating to the right to health were assessed by the Federal Supreme Court. Methodology: documentary research was carried out, which, after consulting the Federal Supreme Court database, with the filter using the term "health", returned a total of 1,178 rulings, 447 from the pre-pandemic period and 731 from the pandemic period, which were analyzed and classified according to thematic relevance. After the classification stage discards, 70 rulings were identified in the pre-pandemic period and 167 rulings in the pandemic that effectively deal with the right to health. Results: the pandemic imposed numerous challenges on the health system, so that the Judiciary was urged to speak out in the face of the now established controversies. In these manifestations, it was identified that there was an increase in demands for concentrated control and in the absolute quantity of decisions involving the right to health, as well as that qualitatively, in general, the previous decision-making pattern was maintained, although new themes have emerged. Conclusion: the study concluded that the Supreme Court's tendency remains in favor of the recognition of health rights, using arguments such as the non-offense of the separation of powers and the impossibility of arguing on the possible reservation to prevent their granting.

Objetivo: identificar si la situación de pandemia interfirió en el alcance y la forma en que las cuestiones relativas al derecho a la salud fueron evaluadas por el Supremo Tribunal Federal. Metodología: se realizó una investigación documental que, consultada la base de datos del Supremo Tribunal Federal, con el filtro del término "salud", arrojó un total de 1.178 sentencias, 447 del período prepandemia y 731 del período pandémico, que fueron analizados y clasificados según relevancia temática. Descartada la etapa de clasificación, se identificaron 70 sentencias en el período prepandemia y 167 sentencias en la pandemia que abordan efectivamente el derecho a la salud. Resultados: la pandemia impuso numerosos desafíos al sistema de salud, por lo que se instó al Poder Judicial a pronunciarse ante las controversias ahora establecidas. En estas manifestaciones se identificó que hubo un aumento en las demandas de control concentrado y en la cantidad absoluta de decisiones que abordan el derecho a la salud, así como que cualitativamente, en general, se mantuvo el patrón de toma de decisiones anterior, aunque han surgido nuevos temas. Conclusión: el estudio concluyó que se mantiene la tendencia de la Corte Suprema a favor del reconocimiento de los derechos a la salud, utilizando argumentos como la no infracción de la separación de poderes y la imposibilidad de argumentar la reserva de lo posible para impedir su otorgamiento.

A influência das práticas de lazer na saúde mental da população brasileira durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / The influence of leisure practices on the mental health of the brazilian population during the COVID-19 pandemic

A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou as pessoas de diferentes maneiras. Diversas mudanças aconteceram nas atividades de trabalho e de lazer, impactando na saúde física e mental. Este estudo de revisão bibliográfica analisou as adaptações referente às práticas de lazer ativo e social que ocorreram durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e sua influência na saúde mental da população brasileira. Foram selecionados os artigos mais relevantes que foram publicados nos últimos 4 anos (2020-2023). Os resultados apresentaram que as práticas de lazer durante o período pandêmico foram adaptadas aos pequenos espaços, e que pessoas que já praticavam algum tipo de atividade anteriormente possuem melhor capacidade de adaptação as adversidades. O acesso a internet e as plataformas de entretenimento aumentaram consideravelmente e as práticas de lazer social foram substituídas pelo lazer artístico, virtual, manual e intelectual.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people in different ways. Several changes have occurred in work and leisure activities, impacting physical and mental health. This literature review study analyzed the adaptations regarding active and social leisure practices that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic and their influence on the mental health of the Brazilian population. The most relevant articles that were published in the last 4 years (2020-2023) were selected. The results showed that leisure practices during the pandemic period were adapted to small spaces, and that people who already practiced some type of activity previously have a better ability to adapt to adversities. Access to the internet and entertainment platforms increased considerably and social leisure practices were replaced by artistic, virtual, manual and intellectual leisure.

Percepción de los médicos residentes de Pediatría sobre el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su proceso formativo / Pediatric residents' perceptions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their training

Introducción. Las residencias médicas experimentaron modificaciones que pudieron afectar la formación académica durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos. Describir la percepción de residentes de Pediatría en relación con el impacto de la pandemia en su formación. Efectuar la adaptación transcultural y validación al idioma español del instrumento "COVID-19 Resident Education and Experience Survey". Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal. Participaron residentes de Pediatría de distintos hospitales del país. Se utilizó la encuesta de Ostapenko y col. modificada. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo utilizando SPSS vs. 21. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética institucional. Resultados. Completaron la encuesta 127 residentes. La mayoría dedicaba más de 50 horas a actividades asistenciales antes y durante la pandemia. El 43,3 % (IC95% 35-52) dedicaba hasta 1 hora diaria al estudio individual previo a la pandemia, y un 63 % (IC95% 54,3-70,9) dedicaba ese tiempo durante la pandemia. El 75,6 % (IC95% 67,4-82,2) reportó que el tiempo previo dedicado a actividades académicas era al menos de 4 horas semanales, descendiendo al 41,7 % (IC95% 33,5-50,4) en la pandemia. Más del 60 % (IC95% 54,3-70,1) percibió que la pandemia perjudicó su formación para convertirse en especialista y el 93,7 % (IC95% 88,1-96,8), que su nivel de estrés se incrementó. Conclusiones. La cantidad de horas destinadas a actividades académicas fue percibida como menor durante la pandemia. La mayoría de los encuestados refirió que su nivel de estrés aumentó y que la pandemia perjudicó su formación para convertirse en especialista.

Introduction. Medical residency programs suffered changes that may have affected academic training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. To describe the perceptions of pediatric residents about the pandemic's impact on their education. To transculturally adapt and validate the COVID-19 Resident Education and Experience Survey into Spanish. Materials and methods. Observational, cross-sectional study. Participants were pediatric residents from hospitals across the country. The survey by Ostapenko et al. was used. A descriptive analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 21. The project was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results. The survey was completed by 127 residents. Most did more than 50 hours of health care activities before and during the pandemic. Also, 43.3% (95% CI: 35­52) spent at least 1 hour a day studying individually before the pandemic, while 63% (95% CI: 54.3­70.9) did so during the pandemic. In relation to the time spent doing academic work, 75.6% (95% CI: 67.4­82.2) reported that, before the pandemic, they spent at least 4 hours a week doing academic activities, dropping to 41.7% (95% CI: 33.5­50.4) during the pandemic. More than 60% (95% CI: 54.3­70.1) perceived that the pandemic impaired their training to become a specialist and 93.7% (95% CI: 88.1­96.8), that their stress levels increased. Conclusions. The perception was that participants spent less hours doing academic activities during the pandemic. Most surveyed participants mentioned that their stress levels increased and that the pandemic impaired their training to become a specialist.

O acompanhamento do pré-natal durante a pandemia em uma unidade de saúde da família, campo prático de residentes / Prenatal follow-up during the pandemic in a family health unit, practical field of residents / Seguimiento prenatal durante la pandemia en una unidad de salud familiar, un campo de prácticas para los residentes

Este relato apresenta a experiência do acompanhamento do pré-natal durante a pandemia em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF), campo prático no desenvolvimento das funções laborais dos alunos/residentes num município do estado da Bahia. Quanto ao método, é um relato de experiência que utiliza a técnica da observação para descrição dessas vivências no período entre março/2020 e março/2021. O relato evidencia o desempenho do acompanhamento do pré-natal durante o período supracitado, e as modificações frequentes perante as recomendações sanitárias acerca da institucionalização de fluxogramas e protocolos clínicos para uma assistência integral. O cenário pandêmico colocou em evidência a necessidade primordial de investimentos na assistência, principalmente na linha de frente, para evitar um colapso na atenção terciária. O acompanhamento integral das gestantes, por exemplo, evitou complicações para a saúde da mulher e do bebê.

This experience report focus on prenatal care offered by a Family Health Unit (USF) in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil, during the pandemic. Based on observations of the experiences in prenatal care between March/2020 and March/2021, the report discusses the prenatal care performed during this period and the frequent changes following health recommendations regarding the institutionalization of flowcharts and clinical protocols for comprehensive care. The pandemic highlighted the primordial need for investments in health care, especially front line, to avoid a collapse in tertiary care. Comprehensive monitoring of pregnant women, for example, avoided complications for the woman and the infant's health.

Este reporte presenta la experiencia de seguimiento prenatal durante la pandemia en una Unidad de Salud Familiar (USF), un campo de prácticas para los estudiantes/residentes en un municipio del estado de Bahía (Brasil). El método utilizado se basa en un reporte de experiencia, que aplicó la observación como técnica para describir las vivencias en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021. El reporte destaca el desempeño del seguimiento prenatal durante el período mencionado, y los cambios frecuentes frente a las recomendaciones de salud sobre la institucionalización de diagramas de flujo y los protocolos clínicos para una asistencia integral. El contexto de la pandemia reveló la necesidad primordial de invertir en asistencia sanitaria, especialmente en la primera línea, para evitar el colapso en el tercer nivel de atención. El seguimiento integral a las embarazadas, por ejemplo, evitó complicaciones para la salud de la mujer y del bebé.

Work-related stress and quality of life in nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction: Work-related stress is the physical and emotional manifestation triggered by an imbalance in coping with perceived demands. One of the workers most affected by work-related stress is the nursing staff, a situation that was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and could affect their quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the connection between quality of life and work-related stress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the present study. Results: A negative correlation was obtained between quality of life and stress level (r = -0,438, p < 0,01), and being a professional nurse was related to higher stress levels. On the other hand, being 31 years or older and having more than 12 months of work experience were associated with a higher quality of life score, while being female, single, divorced, or widowed and having higher acute stress scores indicated a significantly worse quality of life. Discussion: Acute stress negatively affects the quality of life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and this differs significantly according to age, sex, marital status, and work experience. Conclusion: It is recommended that the health sector authorities design policies that guarantee strategies to improve the mental health of nursing personnel, as well as to guarantee fair and dignified treatment.

Global research trends related to coronavirus disease 2019 and the aged: a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "Aged," and "Elderly" were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was "COVID-19." Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

Segurança dos profissionais de saúde que atuaram na linha de frente da pandemia por covid-19 no Brasil / Safety of health professionals who worked in the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / Seguridad de los profesionales de la salud que actuaron en primera línea de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a segurança dos profissionais de saúde que atuaram no combate à pandemia de covid-19 em 2020 nos serviços de saúde brasileiros. Realizou-se inquérito on line, conduzido entre junho e setembro de 2020, com profissionais de saúde de instituições públicas e privadas brasileiras, com base no questionário Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus, da Organização Mundial de Saúde, sendo analisados 2.832 registros. Raça/cor e categoria profissional foram variáveis relacionadas ao aumento de casos de covid-19 dentre os profissionais. Os que se autodeclararam não brancos, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem tiveram chance maior de resultado positivo, indicando maior suscetibilidade à infecção relacionada ao nível socioeconômico e/ou categoria profissional e papel desempenhado no cuidado ao paciente. As variáveis estrutura das unidades de saúde, localização, teste e disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual relacionaram-se ao grau de risco de contrair a doença. Ressalta-se a importância da garantia de insumos e equipamentos aos profissionais de saúde, sobretudo em um contexto pandêmico e entre aqueles com baixo nível socioeconômico que atuam na linha de frente. Riscos em situações de emergência e escassez devem ser prospectivamente monitorados, ajustando-se às iniciativas no tocante à segurança do paciente.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of health professionals who worked in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Brazilian health services. An online survey was conducted between June and September 2020, with health professionals from Brazilian public and private institutions, based on the Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus, from the World Health Organization, and 2,832 records were analyzed. Race/color and professional category were variables related to the increase of covid-19 cases among professionals. Those who self-declared themselves non-white, technical and nursing assistants had a higher chance of positive results, indicating a higher susceptibility to infection related to socioeconomic level and/or professional category and a role played in patient care. The variables structure of the health units, location, test and availability of personal protective equipment were related to the degree of risk of contracting the disease. The importance of ensuring inputs and equipment to health professionals is highlighted, especially in a pandemic context and among those with low socioeconomic level who work on the front line. Risks in emergency and scarcity situations should be prospectively monitored, adjusting to patient safety initiatives.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud que actuaron en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 en los servicios de salud brasileños. Entre junio y septiembre de 2020 se realizó una encuesta en línea con profesionales de la salud de instituciones públicas y privadas brasileñas, basada en la evaluación y gestión del riesgo de exposición de los trabajadores de la salud en el contexto del virus COVID-19, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y se analizaron 2.832 registros. Raza/color y categoría profesional fueron variables relacionadas con el aumento de casos de COVID-19 entre profesionales. Los que se autodeclararon no blancos, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de resultados positivos, lo que indica una mayor susceptibilidad a la infección relacionada con el nivel socioeconómico y/o categoría profesional y un papel desempeñado en la atención al paciente. Las variables estructura de las unidades de salud, ubicación, prueba y disponibilidad de equipo de protección personal se relacionaron con el grado de riesgo de contraer la enfermedad. Se destaca la importancia de garantizar insumos y equipos a los profesionales de la salud, especialmente en un contexto pandémico y entre aquellos con bajo nivel socioeconómico que trabajan en primera línea. Los riesgos en situaciones de emergencia y escasez deben ser monitoreados prospectivamente, ajustándose a las iniciativas de seguridad del paciente.

Inefficacious drugs against covid-19: analysis of sales, tweets, and search engines / Medicamentos ineficazes contra covid-19: análise de vendas, tweets e mecanismos de busca

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Assess the correlation between the sales of two drugs with no proven efficacy against covid-19, ivermectin and chloroquine, and other relevant variables, such as Google® searches, number of tweets related to these drugs, number of cases and deaths resulting from covid-19. METHODS The methodology adopted in this study has four stages: data collection, data processing, exploratory data analysis, and correlation analysis. Spearman's method was used to obtain cross-correlations between each pair of variables. RESULTS The results show similar behaviors between variables. Peaks occurred in the same or near periods. The exploratory data analysis showed shortage of chloroquine in the period corresponding to the beginning of advertising for the application of these drugs against covid-19. Both drugs showed a high and statistically significant correlation with the other variables. Also, some of them showed a higher correlation with drug sales when we employed a one-month lag. In the case of chloroquine, this was observed for the number of deaths. In the case of ivermectin, this was observed for the number of tweets, cases, and deaths. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to decision making in crisis management by governments, industries, and stores. In times of crisis, as observed during the covid-19 pandemic, some variables can help sales forecasting, especially Google® and tweets, which provide a real-time analysis of the situation. Monitoring social media platforms and search engines would allow the determination of drug use by the population and better prediction of potential peaks in the demand for these drugs.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a correlação entre as vendas de dois medicamentos sem eficácia comprovada no tratamento de covid-19, ivermectina e cloroquina, e outras variáveis relevantes: pesquisas no Google®, número de tweets relacionados aos medicamentos, casos e óbitos decorrentes da covid-19. MÉTODOS A metodologia adotada neste estudo se divide em quatro partes: coleta de dados; processamento dos dados; análise exploratória; e análise de correlação. Foi utilizado o método de Spearman para obter as correlações cruzadas entre cada par de variáveis. RESULTADOS Os resultados mostram similaridade entre os comportamentos das variáveis. Os picos ocorreram em períodos iguais ou próximos. A análise exploratória dos dados apontou que houve falta de cloroquina no período correspondente ao início das divulgações sobre a aplicação desses medicamentos para o tratamento da covid-19. Ambos os medicamentos apresentaram correlação alta e estatisticamente significativa com as demais variáveis analisadas. Também foi observado que algumas delas apresentaram maior correlação com as vendas de medicamentos quando assumiram defasagem temporal de um mês. No caso da cloroquina, isso ocorreu com a variável óbitos. No caso da ivermectina, ocorreu com as variáveis número de tweets, casos e óbitos. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados observados contribuem para a tomada de decisão durante a gestão de crises por parte de governo, indústrias e comércios. Em momentos de crises, como observado durante a pandemia, as variáveis mostraram que são capazes de auxiliar na previsão de vendas, em especial o Google® e os tweets, que proporcionam uma análise em tempo real da situação. Acompanhar as redes sociais e mecanismos de busca permitiria detecção de uso pela população e melhor previsão de potenciais picos de demanda desses medicamentos.

Multisensory effects of mask wearing on speech intelligibility and the benefit of multilingualism / Efeitos multissensoriais do uso de máscara na inteligibilidade da fala e o benefício do multilinguismo

ABSTRACT Purpose Due to the pandemic of the Covid-19 disease, it became common to wear masks on some public spaces. By covering mouth and nose, visual-related speech cues are greatly reduced, while the auditory signal is both distorted and attenuated. The present study aimed to analyze the multisensory effects of mask wearing on speech intelligibility and the differences in these effects between participants who spoke 1, 2 and 3 languages. Methods The study consisted of the presentation of sentences from the SPIN test to 40 participants. Participants were asked to report the perceived sentences. There were four conditions: auditory with mask; audiovisual with mask; auditory without mask; audiovisual without mask. Two sessions were conducted, one week apart, each with the same stimuli but with a different signal-to-noise ratio. Results Results demonstrated that the use of the mask decreased speech intelligibility, both due to a decrease in the quality of auditory stimuli and due to the loss of visual information. Signal-to-noise ratio largely affects speech intelligibility and higher ratios are needed in mask-wearing conditions to obtain any degree of intelligibility. Those who speak more than one language are less affected by mask wearing, as are younger listeners. Conclusion Wearing a facial mask reduces speech intelligibility, both due to visual and auditory factors. Older people and people who only speak one language are affected the most.

RESUMO Objetivo Devido à pandemia da doença Covid-19, o uso de máscaras em espaços públicos tornou-se comum. Ao cobrir a boca e o nariz, reduzem-se amplamente as pistas visuais associadas à fala, assim como se distorce e atenua o sinal auditivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos multissensoriais do uso da máscara na percepção da fala e a diferença entre participantes falantes de uma, duas ou três línguas. Método Este estudo consistiu na apresentação de frases do SPIN teste a 40 participantes. Os participantes tinham como tarefa reportar as frases percebidas em quatro condições: Auditiva com máscara, audiovisual com máscara, auditiva sem máscara, audiovisual sem máscara. Conduziram-se duas sessões, com uma semana de intervalo, cada uma com os mesmos estímulos mas com diferente relação sinal-ruído. Resultados Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de máscara reduz a inteligibilidade da fala, tanto devido à diminuição da qualidade do estímulo auditivo, como devido à perda de informação visual. A relação sinal-ruído afeta a inteligibilidade e com o uso de máscara são necessárias relações mais altas para obter qualquer identificação correta. Aqueles que falam mais do que uma língua, assim como os mais novos, são menos afetados na percepção de fala com uso de máscara. Conclusão O uso de máscara facial reduz a inteligibilidade da fala, tanto devido a fatores visuais como auditivos. Indivíduos monolíngues, assim como os mais velhos, são os mais afetados nesta tarefa.

"Porque nós estamos todos doentes": desafios do cuidado às pessoas com obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempo de Covid-19 / "Because we are all sick": challenges of caring for people with obesity in Primary Health Care in times of Covid-19

Introdução: A pandemia de Covid-19 implicou mudanças significativas no funcionamento e nas demandas da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), impactando na organização do trabalho e dos cuidados às pessoas com obesidade e outras doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Descrever os desafios e estratégias para o cuidado às pessoas com obesidade no contexto da sindemia de COVID-19 na perspectiva dos profissionais da APS. Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com trabalhadores de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) no município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: Desde os primeiros casos de Covid-19, a organização do trabalho na UBS foi modificada pelas recomendações de distanciamento social, pelo medo de contágio e a sobrecarga dos trabalhadores. Atendimentos de rotina, assim como atividades coletivas, incluído o cuidado às pessoas com obesidade, foram interrompidos. No entanto, a identificação da obesidade como fator de risco para agravamento da Covid-19 desdobrou-se em priorização no que tange ao monitoramento e à vacinação. Conclusão: A retomada das rotinas nas UBSs aponta grandes desafios no cuidado às pessoas com obesidade, repercutindo na precarização das condições de vida da população e prejudicando a organização do trabalho na APS.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has implied significant changes in the operation and demands of Primary Health Care (PHC), impacting the organization of work and care for people with obesity and other chronic diseases. Objective: To describe the challenges and strategies for the care of people with obesity in the context of the COVID-19 syndemic from the perspective of PHC providers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with workers from a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Results: Since the first cases of Covid-19, the work organization at the BHU has been modified by the recommendations of social distancing, fear of contagion, and worker overload. Routine care, as well as collective activities, including care for people with obesity, were interrupted. However, the identification of obesity as a risk factor for worsening Covid-19 has been prioritized with regard to monitoring and vaccination. Conclusion: The resumption of the routines in the BHUs points to major challenges in the care of people with obesity, affecting the precarious living conditions of the population and impairing the organization of work in PHC.

Covibesity e o peso das normas. Uma epidemia cultural / Covibesity and the weight of the norms. A cultural epidemic

Resumo A forma como moldamos e apresentamos socialmente o nosso corpo tem uma extraordinária importância social: a aparência é o nosso primeiro cartão de visita a partir do qual as pessoas nos enquadram e julgam. Esta avaliação acaba por condicionar o nosso quotidiano, desde às nossas oportunidades sociais até às profissionais. Um dos critérios mais importantes para determinar se uma pessoa é saudável e bonita - em Portugal, assim como em muitos outros contextos - é a magreza. Numa sociedade em que a magreza e a perfeição física são ideais a perseguir, este artigo explora através de metodologias qualitativas o impacto do discurso ligado ao problema da obesidade causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 na multiplicação e exacerbação de conflitos relacionados com o corpo em mulheres portuguesas entre os 18 e os 65 anos.

Abstract How we shape and socially present our body has extraordinary social importance: appearance is our first business card by which people frame and judge us. This evaluation ends up conditioning our daily lives, from social to professional opportunities. In Portugal, as in many other contexts, one of the most important criteria for determining whether someone is healthy and beautiful is thinness. In a society where thinness and physical perfection are pursuable ideals, this article explores through qualitative methodologies the impact of the discourse linked to the problem of obesity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the multiplication and exacerbation of body-related conflicts in Portuguese women aged 18 to 65.

Access to emergency surgical treatment for congenital heart diseases in the state of São Paulo

Abstract Objective To analyze access to surgical care for congenital heart diseases in public specialized centers in the state of São Paulo before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and availability of surgical care in specialized hospitals, to identify bottlenecks in the care path for neonatal cardiac surgery. Methods This study included 1,437 children, under one year old, with congenital heart disease and formal referral to heart surgery between February 1, 2019, and February 28, 2021. Quantitative data analysis was performed using t-tests or the Mann-Whitney test. Results Approximately 30 % of children with urgent congenital heart disease could not access recommended care, mainly those needing complex surgeries (categories RACHS 4 to 6). The main diagnoses of neonates accessing care were patency of the ductus arteriosus (10.5 %) and coarctation of the aorta (10.1 %). Referral time for children in RACHS 1 to 3 was 4 days (median), while for those in categories 4 to 6, it was 7 days (p< 0.001). Longer referral time (20 days) was associated with court orders. During the pandemic, referral time decreased to 3 days, compared to 5 days (median) in the pre-pandemic period (p< 0.001). Conclusion The emergency surgical treatment supply for congenital heart diseases is insufficient compared to the current demand. Future research should evaluate if access to care in publicly funded hospitals could be improved by better access to prenatal care for pregnant women, increased diagnostic and therapeutic capacity in pediatric cardiology, and financial incentives for complex cardiac surgeries.