Para Nasal Sinuses are Pneumatized in a Synchronized Pattern, a Study Evaluating Volume of the Maxillary and Sphenoid Sinuses using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction: The volume of the paranasal sinuses,especially maxillary sinuses is a crucial factor for diagnosingmaxillofacial pathologies, dental implant planning, surgeriesinvolving maxillofacial region etc. Study was done with theobjective to determine the volume of maxillary and sphenoidsinus and to evaluate its correlation with pneumatizationbetween them using cone beam computerized tomography(CBCT)Material and methods: This cross-sectional study wasconducted as a retrospective evaluation of CBCT images of 50maxillary and sphenoid sinuses from patients who reported tothe maxillofacial radiology department of college of dentistry,qassim university, saudi Arabia. The differences amonggender, age, individual volume and volume pattern of the boththe sinuses were statistically analyzed.Results: The mean volume of the maxillary sinus was 10.0cm3 and mean volume of the sphenoid sinus was 8.6 cm3. Thecomparison of the mean volumes of maxillary sinuses andsphenoid sinuses showed a statistically significant correlation.The correlation coefficient shows the value of r = 0.58with a significance of 0.000. The relationship of volume ofthe maxillary sinus and sphenoid sinuses was found highlysignificant. There appears to be a synchronized variation in thevolumes during different age groups.Conclusion: The synchronized display of the pneumatizationpattern of the para-nasal sinuses may be attributable to aconjoint assigning impact on the spatial organization in theentire skeletal ossification and pneumatization.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Para-nasal Sinuses

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumour usually arise in the head and neck region mainly in the salivary gland and rare in the nose and para-nasal sinuses (PNS). We report a rare case of 35-year-old male with ACC of PNS who presented with nasal obstruction and nasal discharge. The CT PNS and orbits show illdefined minimally enhancing soft tissue density lesion extending into buccinators fossa, PNS, nasal cavity with adjacent bony destruction. Surgical incision was done and biopsy revealed ACC. Radiotherapy was given and regular follow-up done. The ACC of sinonasal cavities has poor prognosis, high recurrence due to peri-neural invasion. Multimodality treatment is the mainstay of ACC

Morphological and Radiological Studies on the Skull of the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus Niloticus).

Background and Aim: Present study provides with more anatomical information on the structure and form of the bones forming the cranium of the Nile crocodile helps in understanding the interpretation of X ray images and surgical affection of the crocodile heads. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on six heads of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). The heads were removed from their bodies and prepared by hot water maceration technique. The bones of the skull were studied separately and identified by using a specific acrylic color for each bone. Results: The cranium of the crocodile composed of the cranial bones and the facial bones. The crocodile had four paired paranasal sinuses; the antorbital, the vomerine bullar, the pterygopalatine bullar and the pterygoid sinuses. The mandible of crocodile formed from six fused bones (articular, angular, suprangular, coronoid, splenial and dentary). The X ray images were applied for identifying the paranasal sinuses which their contribution to the morphological organization of the head. Conclusion: this results show a bony variation between the crocodile, mammals and also the birds that paves the way to the comparative anatomical and radiological studies.

A case series of button batteries as nasal foreign bodies among children.

Foreign bodies are a common occurrence in children that may be either accidental or self-induced as a matter of habit. Various materials have been reported as foreign bodies like metal, plastic toy parts, food matters, etc. Button batteries have been reported as foreign bodies in the nose and are especially relevant, due to their early chemical disintegration in contact with mucosal surface; hence, need emergency surgical intervention to avoid complications like septal necrosis and perforation. Here, we report four cases of button batteries in the nose at various stages of presentation with their sequelae along with a review of literature.

Chondrosarcoma of Para-Nasal Sinuses

An uncommon case of chondrosarcoma involving para-nasal sinuses is presented. Pertinent literature is reviewed to emphasizes the overall management of this unusual tumnor.