Résumé
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine the prevalence of depression in Filipino adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated in its development.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong>This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Adult patients (age 19 and above) with type 2 DM being seen at the outpatient department of the Makati Medical Center from January to March 2015 were included, taking into account the following: age, gender, marital status, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, presence of other co-morbid illnesses, pill burden, insulin use, educational attainment, employment status, family income, and glycemic status. They were then screened for depression using the standardized PHQ-9 questionnaire. Bivariate analyses through Chi-square Test (for categorical variables) and Analysis of Variance (for interval/ratio variables) were used to determine which among the risk factors are significant for the development of depression.Significant risk factors were treated for multivariate and univariate analyses through ordinal logistic regression.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> A total of 110 adult patients with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study. There were no drop-outs. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had none to minimal depression, 24% had mild depression, and 7% had moderate depression. None of the patients had depression that warranted anti-depressants or psychotherapy.After step-wise analysis, increased BMI, elevated diastolic blood pressure and uncontrolled blood sugar were found to be associated with higher PHQ-9 scores while unemployment was associated with decreased PHQ-9 score.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong>The prevalence of depression among Filipino type 2 diabetic patients is higher than in non-diabetic patients. Being obese, having an elevated diastolic blood pressure, and the presence of uncontrolled blood sugar were significant predictors and were associated with an increased likelihood of developing major depressive disorder. Being unemployed appears to have the opposite effect.</p>
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Jeune adulte , Adolescent , Glycémie , Diabète de type 2 , Dépression , Trouble dépressif majeur , Insuline , Facteurs de risque , Tour de taille , Comorbidité , EndocrinologieRésumé
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression in Filipino adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated in its development.METHODS:This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Adult patients (age 19 and above) with type 2 DM being seen at the outpatient department of the Makati Medical Center from January to March 2015 were included, taking into account the following: age, gender, marital status, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, presence of other co-morbid illnesses, pill burden, insulin use, educational attainment, employment status, family income, and glycemic status. They were then screened for depression using the standardized PHQ-9 questionnaire. Bivariate analyses through Chi-square Test (for categorical variables) and Analysis of Variance (for interval/ratio variables) were used to determine which among the risk factors are significant for the development of depression.Significant risk factors were treated for multivariate and univariate analyses through ordinal logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 110 adult patients with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study. There were no drop-outs. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had none to minimal depression, 24% had mild depression, and 7% had moderate depression. None of the patients had depression that warranted anti-depressants or psychotherapy.After step-wise analysis, increased BMI, elevated diastolic blood pressure and uncontrolled blood sugar were found to be associated with higher PHQ-9 scores while unemployment was associated with decreased PHQ-9 score.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of depression among Filipino type 2 diabetic patients is higher than in non-diabetic patients. Being obese, having an elevated diastolic blood pressure, and the presence of uncontrolled blood sugar were significant predictors and were associated with an increased likelihood of developing major depressive disorder. Being unemployed appears to have the opposite effect.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Jeune adulte , Adolescent , Glycémie , Diabète de type 2 , Dépression , Trouble dépressif majeur , Insuline , Facteurs de risque , Tour de taille , Comorbidité , EndocrinologieRésumé
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of depression in Filipino adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated in its development.METHODS:This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Adult patients (age 19 and above) with type 2 DM being seen at the outpatient department of the Makati Medical Center from January to March 2015 were included, taking into account the following: age, gender, marital status, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, duration of diabetes, presence of other co-morbid illnesses, pill burden, insulin use, educational attainment, employment status, family income, and glycemic status. They were then screened for depression using the standardized PHQ-9 questionnaire. Bivariate analyses through Chi-square Test (for categorical variables) and Analysis of Variance (for interval/ratio variables) were used to determine which among the risk factors are significant for the development of depression.Significant risk factors were treated for multivariate and univariate analyses through ordinal logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 110 adult patients with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study. There were no drop-outs. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had none to minimal depression, 24% had mild depression, and 7% had moderate depression. None of the patients had depression that warranted anti-depressants or psychotherapy.After step-wise analysis, increased BMI, elevated diastolic blood pressure and uncontrolled blood sugar were found to be associated with higher PHQ-9 scores while unemployment was associated with decreased PHQ-9 score.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of depression among Filipino type 2 diabetic patients is higher than in non-diabetic patients. Being obese, having an elevated diastolic blood pressure, and the presence of uncontrolled blood sugar were significant predictors and were associated with an increased likelihood of developing major depressive disorder. Being unemployed appears to have the opposite effect.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Jeune adulte , Adolescent , Glycémie , Diabète de type 2 , Dépression , Trouble dépressif majeur , Insuline , Facteurs de risque , Tour de taille , Comorbidité , EndocrinologieRésumé
lsosexual precocious puberty is rare and a thorough investigation must be done in order to identify the cause of the precocity. This paper presents the case of a 4 year-old girl who was brought to the emergency room due to vaginal bleeding associated with onset of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone levels were elevated. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an abdominopelvic mass probably an ovarian new growth with benign sonologic features. Computer tomography of the brain with contrast showed normal findings. Elective surgery was planned after correction of the anemia and other causes of precocious puberty were excluded. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and left salpingooophorectomy with frozen section. Final histopathology report showed juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the left ovary.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Puberté précoceRésumé
As a result of recent advances in life science and technology, various therapeutic drugs have been developed and active research in the fields of medicine for the development of novel drugs are under progress. Among these researches, the Drug Delivery System (DDS) is an advanced technology that effectively delivers therapeutic drugs to desired targets and thereby reduces adverse effects and increases efficacy. The application of this technology in the industry is technology-intensive and high value-added and therefore suitable for Korea's condition which is poor of material resources while abundant of human resources. Therefore there are many efforts in developing DDS as a major fundamental industry in Korea. Therefore this technology has emerged as a new technology that has a substantial impact in the development and growth of biotechnology related industries in Korea. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and principles of DDS, so that pediatric endocrinologists may obtain a more comprehensive understanding and may benefit in treating patients with this advanced technology.