Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn en población adulta / Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the adult population

Resumen Objetivo: La enfermedad de Crohn es un trastorno inflamatorio idiopático de etiología desconocida con características genéticas, inmunológicas e influencias del medio ambiente. La incidencia y la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Crohn han aumentado en Colombia. El tratamiento de estos pacientes no es fácil y ha evolucionado en los últimos años; por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar una guía de práctica clínica en Colombia, orientada al tratamiento de esta compleja enfermedad, para unificar criterios. Materiales y métodos: Esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes a la entidad y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas usando la metodología GRADE. Resultados: Se realizó una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia, para el tratamiento tanto médico como quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Crohn en población adulta en Colombia. Se diseñaron algoritmos de manejo teniendo en cuenta la actividad, el comportamiento y la localización de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se estableció que una adecuada evaluación clínica, endoscópica e imagenológica, así como una estratificación de riesgo individual son importantes para el manejo, y se especificaron las indicaciones para el adecuado tratamiento tanto médico como quirúrgico de estos pacientes.

Abstract Objective: Crohn's disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin, influenced by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease have increased in Colombia. The treatment of these patients is not easy and has improved in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the Colombian Clinical Practice Guideline to guide the treatment of this complex disease and unify criteria. Materials and methods: The present guideline was carried out by a multidisciplinary team with support from the Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, the Cochrane ITS Team, and the Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Clinical questions regarding this disease were developed, and national and international guidelines were searched in specialized databases. The existing guidelines were evaluated in terms of quality and applicability. The Cochrane Group conducted a systematic search of the existing literature. Evidence tables were elaborated, and recommendations were made using the GRADE methodology. Results: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline was developed for the medical and surgical treatment of Crohn's disease in the adult population in Colombia. Treatment algorithms were designed, taking into account the activity, behavior, and location of the disease. Conclusions: It was established that proper clinical, endoscopic, and imaging assessment, as well as individual risk stratification, are important for treatment. Also, the indications for adequate medical and surgical treatment of these patients were specified.

Abscesos y fístulas perianales en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: manejo actualizado / Fistulas and perianal abscess in inflammatory bowel disease: current approach

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the intestinal bowel in a transmural way presenting with fistulizing phenotypes with abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces. In perianal Crohn's disease, there are fistulizing tracts between the anal canal and perianal skin that can complicate with abscess formation. Symptoms include pain, perianal discharge and fluctuating lesions, requiring combined clinical and surgical management. The disease is difficult to treat and is associated with significant reduction in quality of life, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for the management of these patients. The following review describes clinical concepts of perianal Crohn's disease, with emphasis on diagnosis and treatment.

La enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad inflamatoria del tubo digestivo con compromiso transmural de la pared que puede manifestarse con fenotipos fistulizantes mediante el desarrollo de comunicaciones anormales entre dos superficies epiteliales. En el caso de la enfermedad de Crohn perianal se establecen trayectos fistulosos entre el epitelio del canal anal y la piel alrededor del ano, que pueden complicarse con la formación de abscesos. Clínicamente se presenta con descarga perianal, dolor y masa fluctuante requiriendo un manejo conjunto médico-quirúrgico para el tratamiento de las complicaciones, el control de las fístulas y el compromiso luminal asociado. Es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario dado que es una enfermedad de difícil manejo que afecta la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En la siguiente revisión se exponen conceptos acerca de la enfermedad de Crohn fistulizante perianal y sus complicaciones, con énfasis en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.

The Clinical Features and Predictive Risk Factors for Reoperation in Patients With Perianal Crohn Diseases; A Multi-Center Study of a Korean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group

PURPOSE: Perianal lesions are common in Crohn disease, but their clinical course is unpredictable. Nevertheless, predicting the clinical course after surgery for perianal Crohn disease (PCD) is important because repeated operations may decrease patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to predict the risk of reoperation in patients with PCD. METHODS: From September 1994 to February 2010, 377 patients with PCD were recruited in twelve major tertiary university-affiliated hospitals and two specialized colorectal hospitals in Korea. Data on the patient's demographics, clinical features, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 377 patients, 227 patients were ultimately included in the study. Among the 227 patients, 64 patients underwent at least one reoperation. The median period of reoperation following the first perianal surgery was 94 months. Overall 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year cumulative rates of reoperation-free individuals were 68.8%, 61.2%, and 50.5%, respectively. In multivariate analysis (Cox-regression hazard model), reoperation was significantly correlated with an age of onset less than 20 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-3.48; P = 0.03), history of abdominal surgery (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.08-3.64; P = 0.03), and the type of surgery. Among types of surgery, fistulotomy or fistulectomy was associated with a decreased incidence of reoperation in comparison with incision and drainage (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.42; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Young age of onset and a history of abdominal surgery were associated with a high risk of reoperation for PCD, and the risk of reoperation were relatively low in fistulotomy or fistulectomy procedures.