RÉSUMÉ
Laser corneal refractive surgery is currently the most mainstream surgery to correct refractive errors.In recent years,the laser corneal refractive surgery has been developed rapidly in China.Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and the femtosecond laser flap laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are greatly improving the safety of the laser lamellar corneal refractive surgery,and trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans PRK) is also taking the surface ablation of excimer laser to a new level.Compared with traditional excimer laser corneal refractive surgery,the above methods are more safe,stable and reliable.Trans PRK,SMILE and femtosecond flap LASIK combined with riboflavin corneal cross-linking provides a safe guarantee for the myopicpatients with thin cornea and abnormal corneal topography.As rapid progress and upgrading of laser corneal refractive surgery technologies,selection of operation methods is a new challenge.Ophthalmologists should comprehensively evaluate the corneal anatomical characteristics,individual needs of patients,performance of operating equipment andindications of different surgeries to pay more attention to the precise and personalized selection of laser corneal refractive surgery to improve the postoperative visual quality of patients with ametropia.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective To investigate the distribution status of cytochrome CYP2C19 polymorphisms among patients with cardio-vascular diseases in Dongguan area .Methods A total of 1662 patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in our hospital were se-lected .The peripheral blood was collected for extracting genomic DNA .The CYP2C19 genotype was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with gene chip technology .The allele frequency and metabolic phenotype of CYP2C19 were com-pared between the CVD patients aged lower than 45 years and aged higher than 45 years old .Results Among 1662 cases ,713 cases (42 .90% ) were CYP2C19 extensive metabolizer ,740 cases(44 .52% ) were moderate metabolizer and 209 cases (12 .58% ) were poor metabolizer .The allele frequencies of CYP2C19﹡1 ,CYP2C19﹡2 and CYP2C19﹡3 were 65 .16% ,30 .08% and 4 .75% re-spectively .One hundred and four cases (40 .00% ) of extensive metabolisms were detected in the lower than 45 years old group ,104 cases(45 .38% ) of moderate metabolisms and 38 cases (14 .62% ) were detected .In the higher than 45 years old group ,609 cases (43 .44% ) of extensive metabolisms ,622 cases of moderate metabolisms and 171 cases(12 .20% ) of poor metabolism were detec-ted .The proportion of various genotypes had no statistical difference between the lower than 45 year old group and higher than 45 year old group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Detecting CYP2C19 genotype for determining the genetic characteristics can evaluate the clopidogrel resistance risk and formulate the personalized anti-platelet therapeutic scheme .
RÉSUMÉ
Aids are only one of the instruments with which the disabled person can often reach a good level of autonomy,he can improve his conditions of life and prevent the aggravating of his situation.Aids serve also to facilitate care on the part of the family.The rights confirmed by Law 104 can also be achieved through the use of aids.The Italian state has planned a system of care with regards to aids so that some of them can be purchased with different tax concessions but essential aids,those necessary for the reaching of autonomy goals and prevention defined by an individual rehabilitative project,are supplied free of charge.In Italy essential aids are part therefore of a rehabilitation plan that is identified for each person with disabilities by a team made up of different professionals.