Effect of Tanreqing Injection Combined with Imipenem-cilastatin in Inhibiting Extensively-drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of combination of Tanreqing injection(Tanreqing) and imipenem-cilastatin on extensively-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDPA), and study the mechanism of the combination. Method:The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Tanreqing and imipenem-cilastatin against planktonic XDPA strain isolated in clinic were determined by the broth microdilution method. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the combination effect. The bacterial metabolic activity in mature biofilm was studied by microtiter-plate test. The destructive effect of combination drugs on dynamic biofilm was observed by using BioFlux system, and viable cells were examined by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) after treatment. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for observing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and length measurement. Result:The MIC values of imipenem-cilastatin and Tanreqing were 512 mg·L-1 and more than 16 500 mg·L-1. The checkerboard analysis showed that Tanreqing could enhance the sensitivity of imipenem-cilastatin, while the combination drugs synergistically inhibited the growth of bacteria. Compared with the control group or the imipenem-cilastatin individual group, the combined drugs significantly reduced the amount of living bacteria in the biofilm (PPPConclusion:Tanreqing and imipenem-cilastatin synergistically inhibit the bacterial growth in planktonic and biofilm states, and destruct biofilms.

Implications of bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis

The recognition of sessile form of bacteria with particular features, known as biofilm, has given new insights to the understanding of pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, including Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this article we review the main characteristics of biofilms, describe the current methods used to demonstrate biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis and discuss the future directions of research in the field.

Atividade antimicrobiana e antiaderente in vitro do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. sobre bactérias orais planctônicas / In vitro antimicrobial activity and antiadherence of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. against oral planktonic bacteria

Neste estudo foi investigada a ação antimicrobiana e a inibição de aderência in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (alecrim) sobre cepas padrão de Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27609 e Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469. Os ensaios foram realizados pelas técnicas de ágar-difusão em placas de Petri para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e técnica de tubos inclinados para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência (CIMA) ao vidro, na presença de 5 por cento de sacarose. Os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados com a clorexidina à 0,12 por cento. As CIMs (mg/mL) do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis sobre S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. sobrinus ATCC 27609 e L. casei ATCC 7469 foram 1:1, 1:4, 1:1 e 1:4, respectivamente. Não houve inibição de crescimento de S. mitis ATCC 98811. As CIMAs do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis frente a S. mitis ATCC 98811, S. mutans ATCC 25175 e S. sobrinus ATCC foram 1:8, 1:16 e 1:8, nessa ordem. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de uso do extrato de alecrim como antimicrobiano oral. No entanto, modelos de estudo que possam reproduzir situações mais próximas àquelas encontradas na cavidade oral são requeridas para avaliação de agentes antimicrobianos no tratamento e prevenção de infecções orais biofilme-dependentes.

In this study was investigated the antimicrobial activity and in vitro adherence inhibition of a hydro alcoholic Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (alecrim) on standard strains of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 98811, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27609 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469 extract. The test was carried out by inundation tecniques in Petri dishes to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inclined tubes techniques the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence to glass (MICA) at the presence of 5 percent sucrose. Tests with gluconate of chlorexidine 0.12 percent were performed as controls. MICs of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract dilutions (mg/mL) against S. sanguinis ATCC 10556, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. sobrinus ATCC 27609 and L. casei ATCC 7469 were 1:1, 1:4, 1:1 e 1:4, respectively. The extract from alecrim inhibited all the standard strains growth tested, except for S. mitis ATCC 98811. MICAs of the Rosmarinus officinalis extract dilutions (mg/mL) against S. mitis ATCC 98811, S. mutans ATCC 25175 e S. sobrinus ATCC were 1:8, 1:16 e 1:8, respectively. The results suggest that there is a possibility of the alecrim use as an oral antimicrobial. Nevertheless, study models which could reproduce situations similar to those seen in bucal caries are necessary for the antimicrobial agents evaluation in the treatment and biofilm dependant oral infections prevention.