Résumé
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a medicinal plant extract used topically as a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant agent. Its cytoprotective effect mainly depends on its pleiotropic properties by modulating inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. This study aims to test the possible therapeutic effect of ABS in the treatment of erosive and inflammatory conditions occurring in the uterine cervix. METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats were used in the present study. Trichloracetic acid was applied intravaginally to establish an experimental rat model of cervicitis. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I (injury), group II (injury+isotoinc saline), and group III (injury+ABS). After 3 estrous cycles of ABS and isotonic saline treatment, the amount of inflammation, vascular congestion and erosion were evaluated in the cervical tissues by using a modified semi-quantitative scale of 0-3. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against IL-1β was also performed. RESULTS: Compared with group I and II, the ABS group showed the least inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion and cervical erosion, compared with the ABS group prominent IL-1β staining observed in group I and group II. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that ABS is a highly effective alternative to induce normal cervical epithelium and can be used safely in the treatment of cervical inflammation with or without cervical erosion.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) é um extrato de plantas medicinais utilizado topicamente como um agente hemostático, anti-inflamatório e antioxidante. O seu efeito citoproteico depende principalmente das suas propriedades pleiotrópicas por meio da modulação de mediadores inflamatórios tais como IL-1β, IL-6 e TNF-a. O objetivo deste estudo é testar o possível efeito terapêutico do ABS no tratamento de condições erosivas e inflamatórias que ocorrem no colo uterino. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratas Wistar Albino foram utilizadas no presente estudo. O ácido tricloroacético foi aplicado intravaginalmente para estabelecer um modelo experimental de cervicite em ratos. Os ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo I (lesão), grupo II (lesão + fisiológico sérico) e grupo III (lesão + ABS). Após três ciclos estrais de ABS e tratamento fisiológico sérico, as quantidades de inflamação, congestionamento vascular e erosão foram avaliadas nos tecidos cervicais usando uma escala semiquantitativa modificada de 0-3. Coloração imuno-histoquímica com anticorpos monoclonais contra IL-1β também foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com os grupos I e II, o grupo ABS mostrou menos infiltração de células inflamatórias, congestionamento vascular e erosão cervical. Além disso, em comparação com o grupo ABS, observou-se uma coloração proeminente de IL-1β no grupo I e no grupo II. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados sugerem que o ABS é uma alternativa altamente eficaz para induzir o epitélio cervical normal e pode ser utilizado com segurança no tratamento da inflamação cervical com ou sem erosão cervical.
Sujets)
Animaux , Femelle , Rats , Extraits de plantes/usage thérapeutique , Cervicite/traitement médicamenteux , Immunohistochimie , Cervicite/anatomopathologie , Interleukine-6/analyse , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/analyse , Rat Wistar , Modèles animaux de maladie humaineRésumé
Background Oxidative stress is a pathophysiological process of retina,so it is very important to explore a protective way against retinal oxidative stress.Studies determined that extract of ginkgo biloba (EGb) has antioxidant,anti-apoptosis,anti-thrombosis and anti-inflammatory effects,however,the effect of EGb on human Müller cells in oxidative stress is still below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the protection of EGb against oxidative stress of human retinal Müller cells induced by As2O3 in vitro.Methods Human retinal Müllercell line was cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS),2 μmol/L glutamine and 1％ antibiotics.As2O3 solution at the final concentration 5 mg/L was added in the medium for 24 hours to establish oxidative models,and then the EGb with the final concentrations of 5,10 and 20 mg/L was used to cell models for 24 hours,respectively.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay,and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the cells were detected with CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe.The relative expression levels of caspase-3 mRNA in cytoplasm and cell nuclei were assayed by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR),and the expressions of Nrf2 protein were quantitatively detected by Western blot.Results Müller cells adhered well 24 hours after cultured.At 6-7 days after culture,Müller cell body was large with abundant cytoplasm and mosaic-like arrangement.However,floating cells were seen after As2 O3 treatment.Cell viability (absorbance) was significantly different among the normal culture group,As2 O3-treated group,As2 O3 + 5 mg/L EGb group,As2 O3 + 10 mg/L EGb group and As2 O3 + 20 mg/L EGb group,with the strongest viability in the normal culture group and the weakest viability in the As2 O3-treated groups (F=163.57,P =0.00).The fluorescence intensity of ROS was the weakest in the normal culture group and the strongest in the As2 O3-treated group and was gradually weakened with the increase of EGb doses,showing a remarkable difference among the groups (F =4 013.61,P =0.00).The relative expression level of caspase-3 mRNA in the cells was gradually reduced with the increase of EGb doses,with a statistically significant difference among the groups (F =2 199.72,P =0.00).In addition,no considerable difference was seen in the expression level of Nrf2 protein (grey scale) in cytoplasm among the groups (F=15.42,P=0.40);while in the nuclei,the expression levels of Nrf2 protein were 100.01 ±0.04,46.59±0.63,54.51 ±0.62,59.93 ±0.17 and 67.60±0.24 in the normal culture group,As2 O3-treated group and As2O3+5 mg/L EGb group,As2O3+10 mg/L EGb group,As2O3+20 mg/L EGb group respectively,with a significant difference among them (F=7 271.72,P=0.00).Conclusions EGb can protect human retinal Müller cells against As2O3-induced damage in a dose-dependant manner by antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects in vitro,and the activities occur primarily in cell nucleus.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Evodia officinalis Dode(EEEO) in a rat model of acute hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control,CCl4,EEEO + CCl4,and Silmyarin + CCl4),the four groups were given intragastrically with normal saline,EEEO for 5 d,respectively.In the last one day,these groups except for control group were injected peritoneally with CCl4.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer.Pathological changes of hepatic tissues were assessed by hematoxylin-eosine (HE) staining.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenate were analyzed using xanthinoxidase and thio-barbituric acid,respectively.Results Compared the ALT [(345.4 ±51.6)U/ml] and AST [(621.7 ± 143.5) U/ml)] of CCl4 group with ALT [(41.1 ± 2.2) U/ml] and AST [(85.2 ± 22.2) U/ml] of control group,the serum levels of ALT and AST in the CCl4 group were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining of liver tissue,the degeneration and necrosis were implicated to the whole hepatic lobules in the CCl4 group.In EEEO + CCl4 group,compared the ALT [(308.1 ± 44.6) U/ml] and AST [(546.4 ± 131.6) U/ml] of low dose EEEO + CCl4 group with the ALT [(210.6 ±34.5) U/ml] and AST [(379.3 ± 112.3) U/ml] of high dose EEEO +CCl4 group the serum levels of ALT and AST were decreased significantly in low dose EEEO + CCl4 group (P ＜0.05).The denaturation and necrosis of hepatic lobules,the level of SOD,CAT were increased and MDA decreased (P ＜ 0.05) inendochylema.Concluslons EEEO can significantly relieve the CCl4-induced hepatonecrosis.The role may be related to anti-lipid peroxidation.
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Objective To establish the model of alcohol-induced hepatocyte steatosis in L-02 liver cells in vitro,investigate the relationship between cell damage,UCP2 gene expression and ethanol concentrations in L-02 cells of steatosis,and explore the protective effect of Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extracted liquid.Method Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extracted liquid at the most compatible dosage was applied to the L-02 cells of steatosis.Then UCP2 mRNA was detected by the semi-quantitative RT-PCR method.Results In steatosis model groups,UCP2 mRNA expression was downregulated ( P ＜0.05).In the steatosis groups treated with Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extracted liquid,UCP2 mRNA level was significantly increased compared to steatosis group ( its expression level increased from 0.4859 to 0.7442 after treatment of 0.6％ ethanol,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ethanol can down-regulate the UCP2 mRNA expression of L-02 cells in a certain period.The low expression of UCP2 mRNA is probably relevant to the occurrence of alcoholic fatty liver disease.Hovenia Dulcis Thunb can prevent from the cell toxicity of ethanol and decrease the degree of steatosis.Hovenia Dulcis Thunb extracted liquid can increase the expression level of UCP2 mRNA in the L-02 cells.
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Introdução - Em trabalho prévio, 705 extratos vegetais oriundos de plantas amazônicas e da Mata Atlântica foram triados no teste antibacteriano da microdiluição em caldo. No presente trabalho, os extratos ativos foram identificados e submetidos à avaliação da concentração mínima inibitória e da concentração bactericida mínima usando o mesmo modelo experimental. Material e Métodos - Foi utilizado o ensaio da microdiluição em caldo, que consiste em se avaliar a susceptibilidade das bactérias aos extratos vegetais em meio ágar caldo, em microplacas de 96 poços. Resultados = Os extratos orgânicos obtidos de Rapanea parvifolia (MY841), Smilax rufescens (SM53) e Ruizterania retusa (VO581) mostraram atividade antibacteriana. MY841 e SM53 mostraram atividade contra Enterococcus faecalis CIM = 30 ?g/ml; CBM = 60 ?g/ml e CIM = 80 ?g/ml; CBM = 90 ?g/ml, respectivamente) e VO581 mostrou atividade contra Staphylococcusaureus (CIM = 140 ?g/ml; CBM = 160 ?g/ml) e leve atividade contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIM = 200 ?g/ml; CBM = 380 ?g/ml). Conclusões - Estes três extratos apresentaram atividade importante contra as bactérias testadas, devendo, portanto, ser fracionados e os compostos majoritários avaliados.
Introduction - Up to 705 plant extracts from Amazon Rain Forest and Atlantic Rain Forest were screened against bacteria using the microdilution broth assay. In the present work, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration were obtained from the three selected active extracts. Material and Methods - The microdilution broth assay used in the present analysis consists in evaluating small amounts of extract against the bacteria in agar broth medium in 96 well microplates. Results - Three organic extracts obtained from Rapanea parvifolia (MY841), Smilax rufescens (SM53) and Ruizterania retusa (VO581) showed antibacterial activity. MY841 and SM53 showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis MIC = 30 mg/ml; MBC = 60 mg/ml and MIC = 80 mg/ml; MBC = 90 mg/ml, respectively) and VO581 showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 140 mg/ml; MBC = 160 mg/ml) and a mild activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 200 mg/ml; MBC = 380 mg/ml). Conclusions - The three extracts showed important activity against the bacteria, and they are going to be fractionated and the fractions evaluated against the antibacterial model. The major compounds are going to be isolated as well.