Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, la ansiedad y la autoconfianza en jugadores de fútbol semiprofesionales / Rating of perceived exertion, anxiety and self-confidence in semi-professional soccer players

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y de los estados de ansiedad (cognitiva y somática), autoconfianza en jugadores de fútbol semiprofesionales. Método: han participado 18 jugadores españoles semiprofesionales con experiencia mínima de tres años en la categoría nacional (edad: 26.4 años, peso: 75.8 kg, altura: 181 cm) clasificados en dos porteros, tres defensas centrales, tres defensas laterales, cuatro centrocampistas, tres extremos y tres delanteros. Se analizaron 10 partidos (cinco como locales y cinco como visitantes) y se usó el cuestionario Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 y escala Category Ratio 10 de Borg para la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo. Se realizó el test de análisis de la varianza de un factor (posición de juego) y t-test para muestras independientes (localización y rol). Resultados: se han obtenido diferencias significativas en estas variables psicofisiológicas en relación con las posiciones de juego, localización y rol de juego. Conclusión: en este estudio de caso, los jugadores con rol defensivo y los que juegan como visitantes tienen menor percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y los atacantes presentan mayor ansiedad somática y autoconfianza previos a la competición deportiva.

Abstract Objetive: To analyze the rate of perceived exertion and anxiety states (cognitive and somatic), self-confidence in semi-professional soccer players. Method: 18 semi-professional Spanish soccer players with at least 3 years' experience in the national category participated (age: 26.4; weight: 75.8 kg; height: 181 cm), classified as two goalkeepers, three central defenders, three internal defenders, four midfielders, three wingers, three forwards. Ten matches were analyzed (five at home and five as visitors) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 questionnaire and Borg's Category Ratio scale 10 for the rate of perceived exertion were used. A one-way analysis of variance test (game position) and t-test for independent samples (location and role) were performed. Results: Significant differences have been obtained in these psycho-physiological variables in relation to game positions, location, and game role. Conclusion: In this case report, players with a defensive role and those who play as visitors have lower rate of perceived exertion and attackers have higher somatic anxiety and self-confidence prior to the sports competition.

The height importance of male athletes for the classification in the world handball championships

Abstract Aim: The main purpose of the study was to investigate the height factor and player position concerning final team ranking in the three age categories, youths, juniors, and seniors. Height data were checked. Methods: Data was analyzed from 24 participating teams for seniors (n = 972, age = 27.3 ± 4.5), juniors (n = 622 age = 19.9 ± 1.0), and youths (1035 age = 18.8 ± 0.2) from official data from the selected last male World Handball Championships of 2013-2019. For each participating player, his position was noted too: backs (left and right), pivot (line player), goalkeeper, back (center), and wings (left and right). The final team ranking was recorded and the 24 teams were divided into 3 ranking groups of 8 teams. Results: The ANOVA test proved that mean heights were significantly different between the three age groups (seniors: 190.04 ± 7.33, juniors: 187.28 ± 8.13, youths: 186.84 ± 7.55, F(2,3095) = 61.1 p < 0.001). Effect size 0.039. In all ranked groups and all categories, the heights of the players were significantly different between different player positions. The discrimination ability of height in all three categories and player positions represented an overall percentage of around 70% classifying the three 8-team ranking tiers. Conclusion: Height is a factor that differentiates high-level performance for both players' position and age categories. The practical results can help the national federations and coaches apply more effective strategies for player selection.

Anthropometric Profile in Relation to Playing Position of Elite Indian Soccer Players.

Background: Previous literature has demonstrated that each specialized playing position may have unique physical and physiological requirements. Body fat is highly related to playing position of football players. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine differences among positions in body size and percent body fat of elite football players prior to the start of regular season. Subjects: The subjects of this study were 34 (10 forwards, 10 midfielders, 10 defenders, 4 goalkeepers) normal, healthy elite football players without any orthopedic, respiratory or cardiovascular problems. Methods: Anthropometric profiles of the subjects were determined by measuring height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. The prediction formula used to calculate percent body fat using BMI was: body fat % = (1.20 × BMI) + (0.23 × age) - (10.8 × gender) - 5.4 (R2 0.79, standard error estimate = 4.1% BF%), taking age and gender (male = 1, female = 0) into account. Results: The results demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.005) in the percent body fat among the players of different playing positions. Goalkeepers possessed highest values for body fat percentage followed by defenders and forwards while midfielders had the least body fat percentage. Conclusion: The study suggests that anthropometric characteristics differ in players of different playing positions. The differences found despite similar training protocol might be due to the physiological adaptations in the players.

Características antropométricas, composición corporal, somatotipo y rendimiento anaeróbico y aeróbico de mujeres juveniles baloncestistas chilenas / Anthropometric characteristics, body composition, somatotype and anaerobic/aerobic performance of young chilean female basketball players

El objetivo del estudio fue describir y comparar las características antropométricas, la composición corporal, el somatotipo y el rendimiento de las variables anaeróbicas y aeróbicas de un grupo de mujeres juveniles baloncestistas chilenas en función a la posición de juego. Fueron evaluadas 16 atletas juveniles con una media de 16,9±1,3 años, donde fueron medidas 10 variables antropométricas con el propósito de determinar la composición corporal y el somatotipo, así como los niveles de saltabilidad (Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Saltos 15s, Abalakow), velocidad 20 m., distancia de 0-5m y el componente aeróbico mediante la predicción del VO2max. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la estadística descriptiva de media aritmética, desviación estándar y para verificar las diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de juego se aplicó ANOVA y la prueba de especificidad (P<0,001). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas (p<0,001) en relación a la estatura y peso corporal entre pivotes (Estatura=1,721±0,03m, Peso=70,3±4,6kg), bases (Estatura=1,647±0,0, Peso=61,4±2,1) y aleras (Estatura=1,664±0,02, Peso=65,8±8,0), así como en relación a la velocidad de 0-5m entre bases (0,93±0,13) con aleros (1,15±0,1) y pivotes (1,13±0,08) respectivamente. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables del somatotipo, % de grasa, velocidad 20 m, test de saltos, Abalakow y VO2max, ya que el presente grupo estudiado muestra relativamente homogeneidad en su rendimiento físico. Finalmente se concluye que los resultados muestran comparativamente rangos inferiores en relación con las características antropométricas con referencias internacionales.

The objective was to describe and compare the anthropometric, body composition, somatotype and performance of anaerobic and aerobic variables of a group of young female basketball players according to Chilean playing position. 16 young athletes were evaluated with an average of 16.9 ± 1.3 years old; 10 anthropometric variables were measured in order to determine body composition, somatotype and jumping levels (Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Jumping 15s, Abalakow), speed 20m., 0-5m distance and aerobic component by predicting VO2max. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were used for arithmetic mean, standard deviation and to verify the significant differences between playing positions ANOVA was applied and tested for specificity (P <0.001). The results show significant differences (p <0.001) in relation to height and body weight between pivots (Height = 1.721 ± 0.03 m, weight = 70.3 ± 4.6 kg), bases (Height = 1.647 ± 0.0, Weight = 61.4 ± 2.1) and eaves (Height = 1.664 ± 0.02, weight = 65.8 ± 8.0) and in relation to the speed of 0-5m between bases (0.93 ± 0.13) with eaves (1.15 ± 0.1) and pivots (1.13 ± 0.08) respectively. However, we found no significant difference in the somatotype variables, % fat, Speed 20m, jumping test, abalakow and VO-2max, as this study shows a relatively homogeneous group in their physical performance. Finally it was concluded that the results show comparatively lower ranks in relation to anthropometric characteristics with international benchmarks.

Physical profile comparison between basketball and netball players in Malaysia based on performance and playing position

The aim of the research is to compare the physical profile between Malaysian women basketball players and netball players. The physical profile measures were height, body mass, and body fat. The subjects were divided into two groups based on their playing performance and positions. The playing performance consisted of elite/senior, junior, and reserve players. Meanwhile, the playing positions consisted of forward/attack, centre, and guard/defence. The percentage of body fat was determined by means of skinfold measurement at seven different locations. Results showed that there were significant differences in body fat percentage between basketball player and netball players (p < 0.01). The elite/senior basketball players were reported to have the lowest body fat percentage as compared to other basketball or netball players. While for the playing position, guard/defence position basketball players were reported to be the shortest and have the lowest body fat percentage as compared to other playing positions. In conclusion, Malaysian basketball players were found to have better physical or bodily advantaged in terms of playing contact sports as compared to the Malaysian netball players.