Status of the poor vision among 3 014 primary school students in Wucheng district of Jinhua city and analysis of the influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among 3 014 primary school students in Wucheng District, Jinhua City, in order to provide evidence for the intervention measures of poor vision.METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study, a self-designed questionnaire was done, including general conditions and influencing factors of vision. The international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for visual acuity detection. The risk factors that were statistically significant among the single factor groups were used as independent variables for multivariate Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 1 367 students with poor vision were detected, the detection rate was 45.36%, among which mild poor vision rare was 26.08%; moderate rate was 11.51%; and severe rate was 7.76%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that senior grades, parental myopia, daily insufficient sleep and outdoor activity, overuse of electronics or computers and no eye exercise were risk factors for poor vision.CONCLUSION: The rate of poor vision among the primary school students was severe, schools should take measures to improve and prevent students' poor vision by increasing outdoor activity time, correcting poor reading and writing posture, and reducing the time spent on electronic products.

Distribution and change of poor vision among school students aged 6-19 in Hainan Province, 2013-2020 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To explore the regional, age and annual characteristics of distribution and variation trend of children and adolescents with poor vision in Hainan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of targeted and effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods　The eyesight monitoring data of 5 657 231 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 from 17 cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed. Using the "Standard Logarithmic Vision Chart" (GB11533-2011) that complies with national standards for testing. Results　The rate of poor vision among children and adolescents in Hainan Province increased significantly from 2013 to 2020, and the difference between the years was statistically significant (P<0.001). The total poor vision rate in the left eye increased 10.09% (32.79% to 42.88%), and that of severe poor vision rate increased 6.68%, while that of the right eye increased 9.80% (33.11% to 42.91%) and 6.49%. The poor vision rate was significantly higher in females than in males of same year (P<0.001), but the increase pattern was the same. In 2020, there were significant differences between the same age groups in different cities and counties and between different age groups in the same city and county (P<0.001), and they all tended to increase with age. The result of analyzing the distribution characteristics of the total poor vision rate of different age groups children in the eastern (Qionghai), southern (Sanya), western (Changjiang), northern (Haikou) and central (Dingan) cities showed that the regional rate difference was small at 6-7 years old, and then increased with the increase of age. The poor vision rate of Haikou City ranked the first in all age groups, and reached the highest at 17 years old, with 76.32% and 80.89% of total poor vision rate of left and right eyes respectively. Sanya City ranked second, Qionghai ranked third. The poor vision rate of Changjiang County was lower and the growth rate was slower according to age. Conclusions　From 2013 to 2020, the total and severe poor vision rates in left and right eyes of children aged 6-19 in Hainan Province increased year by year, with the ascension range of female higher than that of male, and right eye higher than that of left eye. In the same year, the poor vision rate increase rapidly with age. It is recommended to further strengthen the daily intervention and management of key populations and special age groups to reduce the rate of low vision in children and adolescents.

Prevalence and spatial characteristics of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of poor vision and spatial distribution characteristics among primary school students in Shenzhen.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Vision screening among primary school students in Shenzhen was carried out by myopia screening hospitals organized by Shenzhen Myopia Prevention and Control Center for Children and Adolescents using the logarithmic visual acuity chart in 2019.The prevalence of poor vision in different districts, different genders and different grades was calculated.Spatial distribution of the prevalence of poor vision was analyzed with Arcgis 10.2 software.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from guardian of each subject.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.20201230-06).Results:A total of 1 044 545 students received the visual acuity examination.The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen in 2019 was 53.4%(557 748/1 044 545). The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in the former Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was 56.7%(172 771/304 532), which was higher than 52.0%(384 977/740 013) in areas outside the former Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, and the prevalence of poor vision among girls was 56.7%(268 201/473 164), which was higher than 50.7%(289 547/571 381) among boys, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=192.412, 375.434; both at P<0.001). As the grade increased, the prevalence of poor vision firstly decreased and then increased, showing an increasing tendency in general.The prevalence rate of poor vision among primary school students among grade 1 to 6 was 49.8%(99 615/200 203), 44.0%(86 521/196 800), 47.2%(82 848/175 331), 54.5%(89 737/164 731), 60.8%(96 271/158 298), and 68.9%(102 756/149 182), respectively, and a significant difference was found ( χ2=2 871.017, P<0.001). The global Moran I index in Shenzhen was 0.278.The local Moran I index and Geary coefficient in Guangming District were 0.933 and 0.78, respectively.The prevalence of poor vision in Guangming District and its surrounding areas was a low-low cluster. Conclusions:The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen is spatially aggregated.

Status of the poor vision among primary and secondary school students in a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and analysis of the influencing factors / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To understand the status of poor vision and analyze the main influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in a division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of poor vision.METHODS: A total of 12 primary and secondary schools in a divisional urban district and regiment field of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were chosen using stratified cluster random sampling from August to October 2020. A total of 2 982 primary and secondary school students were selected for visual inspections and questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of poor vision.RESULTS: The rate of poor vision was 65.66% among 2 982 primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with the majority severe poor vision. Furthermore, the rates of poor vision were higher in girls(70.17%)than that in boys(61.47%)(χ2=4.993, P<0.001)and the urban area(70.03%)were higher than the rural area(58.96%)(χ2=38.680, P<0.001)and the Han nationality students(66.83%)were higher than Uyghur students(52.82%)(χ2=19.772, P<0.001). The risk of poor vision increased with age(χ2trend =300.144, P<0.001), and by the age group ≥18 years old, the rate of poor vision reached 80.47%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the women, the age≥13 years old, writing and reading duration every day ≥2h, cram school on weekends and presence of myopia in parents increases the risk of poor vision, increase the outdoor exercise time, sleep time ≥8h, and do eye exercises every day can reduce the occurrence of poor vision.CONCLUSION: Poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in the division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is higher than that of many regions in the country. Girls with the age(≥13 years old)whose parents are myopic should receive special attention. Increasing outdoor exercise time, doing eye exercises every day, and keeping your eyes more than one foot away from books when reading and writing is effective in preventing poor vision.

Current status and influencing factors of myopia in adolescents in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the situations of poor vision and the incidence of myopia in adolescents of Chifeng and to explore the factors that affect the occurrence of myopia.<p>METHODS: A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted from September to December in 2019. A total of 2 070 students from primary 4^th grade to junior in high school in Chifeng were selected for questionnaire surveys and visual inspections to analyze influencing factors and the occurrence of myopia in the region.<p>RESULTS: Among 2 070 students in this research, the incidence of poor vision was 56.96% and the incidence of myopia was 52.22%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of myopia were senior grade, female, genetic history, loving to eat sweets, fried food, no breakfast, longer time homework and cram school, using mobile devices, having bad eye habits and using eyes for long time once. The protective factors of myopia were no other poor vision, eating fresh fruits, adjusting the height of tables and chairs, doing eye exercises, doing outdoor activities between classes, a one-foot sitting posture, supervising the sitting posture by parents and teachers, less watching TV, increasing outdoor exercise and sleeping time.<p>CONCLUSION: The myopia incidence of adolescents in Chifeng is generally higher. We should actively pay attention to the personal situation of students, improve visual environment inside and outside school, correct bad visual habits, and increase outdoor exercise and sleep time.

The development trend of poor vision among students aged 4-18 in Xuhui District, Shanghai from 2015 to 2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the prevalence of visual acuity disorder among children aged 4-18 in Xuhui District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2019, and analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of visual acuity disorder in Xuhui District of Shanghai. Methods Using random cluster sampling, students from 10 kindergartens, 3 primary schools and 2 middle schools were randomly selected as the investigation subjects. Visual acuity examinations and demographic survey were conducted, and chi-square test was used to describe the development trend of poor visual acuity. Results A total of 29 613 people were screened in five years, and the detection rate of poor vision in Xuhui District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2019 was 41.08% in 2015 and 50.59% in 2018, showing an increasing trend year by year (χ2=127.45, P2=7237.84, P2=80.93, P2=12.91, P<0.05). Conclusion In Xuhui District, the detection rate of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 4-18 years old was relatively high, and the development trend of visual problems was severe. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of poor eyesight, education departments, health departments and parents should strengthen the cultivation of good eye use habits and awareness among students, and take reasonable measures to control the development of poor vision.

Short-term effect evaluation on auricular magnetic bead application for poor eyesight of primary school students / 上海预防医学

Objective To ascertain the short-term effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) auricular magnetic beads application for treatment of poor vision in primary school students. Methods In 2017, a randomized sampling method was adopted in this study.A total of 458 students with a naked eye visual acuity ≤4.9 were screened from a primary school in the jurisdiction.Of them, 230 students were informed by the parent′s informed consent to receive the TCM ear acupoint application, and the remaining 228 students served as the control group. Results The average eyes visual acuity of intervention group was 4.842, increasing to 4.848 or 4.859 after 6 or 12 weeks′ treatment by auricular magnetic bead application.After statistically analysis, there is a significant difference in short-term effect of auricular magnetic bead application on eyesight improvement for primary school students. Conclusion The TCM auricular magnetic bead application proves to have a short-term effect on the poor eyesight of the students, and the operation is simple and safe.It is conducive to improving students′ participation in poor eyesight control and achieving family and school participation in TCM prevention and treatment of myopia.

Visual acuity in preschool children of Yangpu District in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the visual acuity condition of preschool children in Yangpu District of Shanghai, providing the basis for formulation of corresponding intervention measures for myopia. Methods The inspection equipment was the international standard logarithmic E-word visual acuity chart, and the Canon RK-F1 automatic computer optometry instrument.By using cross-sectional study and random cluster sampling method, a total of 1 415 preschool children in 5 kindergartens in Yangpu District were selected according to their ages and genders, and their visual acuity and refractive parameters were examined with the result being statistically analyzed. Results In preschool children of Yangpu District, their envisage rate was 80.4%, myopia rate 16.7% and hyperopia rate 2.9%.There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of envisage, myopia and hyperopia between different age groups (χ2=3.419, P=0.755) and different genders (χ2=2.433, P=0.296).The rate of poor vision for preschool children in Yangpu was 10.5%.There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of poor vision between different age groups (χ2=9.637, P=0.022) and different genders (χ2=4.191, P=0.041). Conclusion The visual acuity rate and myopia rate in preschool children are not optimistic and need further screening and early intervention.

Visual acuity in preschool children of Yangpu District in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the visual acuity condition of preschool children in Yangpu District of Shanghai, providing the basis for formulation of corresponding intervention measures for myopia. Methods The inspection equipment was the international standard logarithmic E-word visual acuity chart, and the Canon RK-F1 automatic computer optometry instrument.By using cross-sectional study and random cluster sampling method, a total of 1 415 preschool children in 5 kindergartens in Yangpu District were selected according to their ages and genders, and their visual acuity and refractive parameters were examined with the result being statistically analyzed. Results In preschool children of Yangpu District, their envisage rate was 80.4%, myopia rate 16.7% and hyperopia rate 2.9%.There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of envisage, myopia and hyperopia between different age groups (χ2=3.419, P=0.755) and different genders (χ2=2.433, P=0.296).The rate of poor vision for preschool children in Yangpu was 10.5%.There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of poor vision between different age groups (χ2=9.637, P=0.022) and different genders (χ2=4.191, P=0.041). Conclusion The visual acuity rate and myopia rate in preschool children are not optimistic and need further screening and early intervention.

Analysis of visual acuity and refractive status of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students in a community in Shanghai 2015-2018 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the visual acuity and refractive status of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students in Xinhong Community of Shanghai from 2015 to 2018, and to provide basis and reference for the prevention and control of students' myopia. Methods The data of 3 904 person-times of complete visual acuity and refraction records from 2015 to 2018 was derived from the "Shanghai Residents' Eye Health Information Service System". Results From 2015-2018, the total detection rate of poor vision of kindergarten children and primary and middle school students was 60.86%, and the detection rate of poor vision in kindergarten, primary school and middle school was 29.90%，62.63% and 87.26% respectively，showing an increasing trend with the education stage (χ2=727.206，P2=19.949, P2=1099.978, P<0.05). In terms of growth rate, the increase in myopia in the first grade of primary school was the largest. Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students was higher than that of kindergarten children, and showed an increasing trend with the education stage. The critical period of myopia prevention and control should be advanced to the kindergarten stage.

Prevalence of the poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Henan Province and analysis of the related factors / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze epidemic status and influencing factors for the poor vision of the students in Henan in 2014 and to provide the scientific basis of more targeted myopia prevention strategies.Methods The data of 34 886 students aged 9 to 18 who were involved in the students'physical fitness survey in Henan province in 2014 was used to analyze epidemic status and influencing factors for the poor vision.Results The prevalence rate of myopia among Henan students was 62.5％.In addition,high school was higher than middle school which was higher than primary school.Girl was higher than boy,and urban was higher than rural.Through the unconditional logistic regression,having breakfast three to five times a week,eating eggs three to five times a week,drinking milk unusually,doing exercise over two hours a day,and watching TV over two hours a day were the protective factors for poor vision,of which the OR were 0.850,0.883,0.864,0.830,0.738 respectively.Correspondingly,the 95％ CI were 0.776-0.931,0.813-0.960,0.812-0.920,0.722-0.955,0.681-0.799.While sleeping less than seven hours,PE class one time a week or less,refusing to run longdistance,doing homework over two hours,and playing the e-productions over two hours were the risk factors of which OR were 1.100,1.091,1.100,1.375,1.155 respectively.Correspondingly,the 95％ CI were 1.009-1.199,1.017-1.172,1.024-1.183,1.287-1.469,1.072-1.244.Conclusions The rate of the myopia among the students in Henan is still severe.There are multifarious factors related to poor vision.Therefore,much more targeted measures should be taken to prevent poor vision from developing.

Investigation of dry eyes occurrence and poor vision in primary and middle school students in the urban-rural fringe of Guangzhou / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To investigate the relationship between dry eyes incidence and poor vision in primary and middle school students in the urban-rural fringe of Guangzhou. <p>METHODS: We used stratified cluster random sampling, extracted the urban-rural fringe elementary school and middle school, gave out self-made questionnaire survey to 3572 students, at the same time, underwent ophthalmology routine inspection and tear secretion test, rupture time measurement and corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining. <p>RESULTS: The overall number of poor vision was 764 people(1447 eyes), the overall poor vision was 20.25% counted by eye amount, the rate of poor vision in primary school was 14.08%, in junior high school was 29.51%, in junior middle school was significantly higher than that in primary school(<i>P</i><0.05). The number of subjects with dry eyes was 424 cases(848 eyes), the overall incidence of dry eyes was 11.87%, among them the occurring rate of dry eyes in primary school was 5.14%, in junior middle school was 21.96%, which was significantly higher than that in primary school(<i>P</i><0.05). Ordered multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school, doing homework for 1-3h or >3h every day, eyes away from the book <30cm, lying down when reading books, watching TV or playing computer phone for 1-3h and >3h every day, dry eyes, and the nutritional status(fat or thin)were the risk factors of poor vision in primary and middle school students the(<i>OR</i>=3.862, 1.164, 1.210, 1.212, 1.315, 1.319, 3.040, 1.110, 1.057 and 1.141). <p>CONCLUSION: The risk factors of primary and middle school students vision is multifarious, dry eyes is a risk factor for poor vision of primary and middle school students in the urban-rural fringe of Guangzhou.

Epidemiological study on visual acuity and refractive status of primary students and junior high school students in Shenzhen / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To study the visual acuity and refractive status of students pupils and middle school students in Shenzhen, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia. METHODS:A cluster sampling method was used to select five primary school students(6 737) and three junior middle school students(1 925) from Shenzhen. The visual acuity, anterior segment, fundus, eye position, and refractive status were measured. Information on associated factors for poor vision were also obtained using a questionaire. The risk factors of poor vision and the rate of myopia between grade or gender were analysed by Chi-square test. RESULTS:The rate of poor vision was 67. 0%. Female, family history of high myopia, long time of continuous look near, short time of outdoor activities were the main risk factors. The rate of emmetropia, hyperopia, astigmatism and myopia were 15. 1%, 11. 3%, 11. 0% and 62. 6% respectively. Emmetropia, hyperopia and astigmatism incidenece rate decreased with age growing, but myopia incidence rate was increased. There were significant differences between adjacent two grades in myopia(χ2=7. 338-45. 018, P CONCLUSION:The rate of poor vison is pretty high in students of Shenzhen aged between 5 to 16 years old, and myopia is the main reason. The development rate of myopia is increased with age. Early management of myopia may play an important role in controlling poor vision in students.

Retinoblastoma: A Curse to Childhood.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. With the improvement in diagnostic and treatment modalities, early diagnosis and prompt treatment have remarkably improved the survival and salvageable vision in retinoblastoma patients. We report a case of a 14-month-old female child who presented to us with intermittent deviation of both eyes and white reflex in both eyes along with redness and photophobia in right eye, she was diagnosed to liver bilateral retinoblastoma.