Advances in the study of small-for-size syndrome / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Small-for-size syndrome is one of the most common and dangerous complications of partial liver transplantation. With the accumulation of clinical experiences and basic researches developed in recent years, new knowledge about the pathogenesis, pathophysiological process, prevention and treatment of small-for-size syndrome has been established. This article summarizes the progress of research on the small-for-size syndrome in recent years to help better diagnosis, prevention and treatment, thus improving the prognosis and long-term survival of patients.

Avaliação do volume de fluxo portal em pacientes esquistossomóticos: estudo comparativo entre ressonância magnética e ultrassom Doppler / Evaluation of portal blood flow in schistosomal patients: a comparative study between magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasonography

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concordância entre o ultrassom Doppler e a ressonância magnética e a reprodutibilidade interobservador desses métodos na quantificação do volume de fluxo portal em indivíduos esquistossomóticos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal, observacional e autopareado, avaliando 21 pacientes portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica submetidos a mensuração do fluxo portal por meio de ressonância magnética (utilizando-se a técnica phase-contrast) e ultrassom Doppler. RESULTADOS: Observou-se baixa concordância entre os métodos (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse: 34,5 por cento [IC 95 por cento]). A reprodutibilidade interobservador na avaliação pela ressonância magnética (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse: 99,2 por cento [IC 95 por cento] / coeficiente de correlação de Pearson: 99,2 por cento / média do fluxo portal = 0,806) e pelo ultrassom Doppler (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse: 80,6 por cento a 93,0 por cento [IC 95 por cento] / coeficiente de correlação de Pearson: 81,6 por cento a 92,7 por cento / média do fluxo portal = 0,954, 0,758 e 0,749) foi excelente. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma baixa concordância entre o ultrassom Doppler e a ressonância magnética na mensuração do volume de fluxo na veia porta. A ressonância magnética e o ultrassom Doppler são métodos reprodutíveis na quantificação do fluxo portal em pacientes portadores de hipertensão porta de origem esquistossomótica, apresentando boa concordância interobservador.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the agreement between Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as the interobserver reproducibility of both methods in the measurement of portal blood flow in schistosomal patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, self-paired study evaluated 21 patients with schistosomiasis mansoni submitted to measurement of portal blood flow with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: A poor intermethod agreement was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient: 34.5 percent [CI 95 percent]). On the other hand, the interobserver reproducibility was excellent in the evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (intraclass correlation coefficient: 99.2 percent [CI 95 percent] / Pearson's correlation coefficient: 99.2 percent / portal blood flow = 0.806) and by Doppler ultrasonography (intraclass correlation coefficient: 80.6 to 93.0 percent [CI 95 percent] / Pearson's correlation coefficient: 81.6 percent to 92.7 percent / portal blood flow = 0.954, 0.758 and 0.749). CONCLUSION: There is a poor intermethod agreement in the measurement of portal blood flow. Nevertheless, contrast-phase magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated to be reproducible methods presenting excellent interobserver agreement in the quantification of portal blood flow in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis-related portal hypertension.

Quantificação do fluxo portal em indivíduos sadios: comparação entre ressonância magnética e ultra-som Doppler / Measurement of portal blood flow in healthy individuals: a comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasound

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concordância entre a ultra-sonografia com Doppler e a ressonância magnética na quantificação do fluxo portal em indivíduos sadios, e avaliar a reprodutibilidade destes métodos diagnósticos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, transversal, observacional e autopareado, avaliando 20 voluntários sadios submetidos a mensuração do fluxo portal por meio de ultra-sonografia com Doppler e por ressonância magnética, executada por dois observadores independentes. Foram calculadas as concordâncias entre os métodos e entre os observadores utilizando-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasses e o coeficiente de Pearson. RESULTADOS: A concordância entre os exames de ultra-sonografia com Doppler e de ressonância magnética foi baixa (coeficiente intraclasses: 1,9 por cento-18,2 por cento; coeficiente de Pearson: 0,1 por cento-13,7 por cento; p=0,565). Os valores da média de fluxo portal medido pela ultra-sonografia e pela ressonância magnética foram, respectivamente, de 0,768 l/min e 0,742 l/min. A quantificação do fluxo portal medida pela ultra-sonografia e pela ressonância magnética demonstrou, respectivamente, concordância interobservador regular (coeficiente intraclasses: 43,3 por cento; coeficiente de Pearson: 43,0 por cento) e concordância excelente (coeficiente intraclasses: 91,4 por cento; coeficiente de Pearson: 93,4 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética é um método confiável para quantificar o fluxo portal, mostrando melhor concordância interobservador do que a ultra-sonografia com Doppler. Os dois métodos apresentam baixa concordância entre si na quantificação do fluxo portal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inter-observer agreement between Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the quantification of portal blood flow in healthy individuals, as well as evaluating the reproducibility of both methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, transverse, observational and self-paired study was developed evaluating 20 healthy volunteers whose portal blood flow was measured by means of Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging performed by two independent observers. Interobserver and intermethod agreements were calculated using the intraclass and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The agreement between Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging was low (intraclass coefficient: 1.9 percent-18.2 percent; Pearson's coefficient: 0.1 percent-13.7 percent; p=0.565). Mean values for the portal blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were respectively 0.768 l/min and 0.742 l/min. Interobserver agreement for quantification of the portal blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging was respectively reasonable (intraclass coefficient: 43.3 percent; Pearson's coefficient: 43.0 percent) and excellent (intraclass coefficient: 91.4 percent; Pearson's coefficient: 93.4 percent). CONCLUSION: In the present study, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated to be a reliable method for quantifying the portal blood flow, with a higher interobserver agreement than Doppler ultrasonography. The intermethod agreement was low.

Effects of Whole Body Warm Water Immersion on Indocyanine Green (ICG) Excretion Test in Healthy Human / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective: Warm water immeresion (WWI) has been customary in Japan as useful thermal therapy. However, a comprehensive investigation of the effects of WWI on internal organs has never been undertaken. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of single WWI on indocyanine green (ICG) excretion in healthy humans. Subjects: 23 healthy males. (32.6±1.9 [mean±SEM] years) Methods: 1CG was administered intravenously (0.5mg/kg) to calculate excretion rate (ER). ICG injection was given before and after WWI (10min at 41°C). Sublingual temperature (ST), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were simultaneously measured by noninvasive methods. Results: Significant changes were observed after WWI. These included an increase in ST, HR, and CO and a decrease in systolic BP (p<0.01). ER significantly decreased from 0.210±0.015 to 0.168±0.009 (p<0.01). Front-back ratio of ICG-ER which was calculated in order to evaluate the effect of aging increased significantly with age (R=0.582, p<0.0001). Conclusion: These results indicate that although CO increased due to the vasodilating effects of WWI, hepatic blood flow decreased after WWI and its response reduced with age even in before middle age.