Effects of rice varieties on weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels in sprague dawley rats

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Rice is the staple food in the Philippines and the major carbohydrate source that greatly affects the weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels of the population.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The objective of the researchers was to determine the effects of white, brown and red rice varieties on weight, blood glucose and triglyceride levels in rats.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> Sprague Dawley rats were fed with diets of cooked rice of different rice variety; white, brown and red. Weight was measured using a digital laboratory weighing scale. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were measured by glucometer (OneTouch®) and Humalyzer Primus®, respectively.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Rats fed with white rice had the greatest increase in weight and blood glucose levels, and red rice had the least increase. For the postprandial blood glucose test, all three rice groups reached their peak blood glucose level at 30 minutes, with white rice having the greatest value, followed by brown rice, and lastly, red rice. Rats fed with red rice had the greatest decrease in triglyceride level.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> In this study, consumption of white rice contributes to weight gain, blood glucose level increase and minimal triglyceride level change compared to brown and red rice.</p>

Inhibition of Potentilla fruticosa extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase / 中国药科大学学报

@#This study measured the in vitro inhibitory effects of α-amylase(AM), α-glycosidase(AG)and aldose reductase(AR)extraction from Potentilla fruticosa in three solvents: water extract(WE)and 95% methanol extraction of petroleum ether part(MEP), 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part(MEE)and 95% methanol extraction of water part(MEW)through α-amylase inhibitors(AMI), α-glycosidase inhibitors(AGI)and aldose reductase inhibitors(ARI)activity screening models. In vivo effects of different solvents from Potentilla fruticosa on impaired glucose tolerance of mice were also measured. Among them, WE, MEP and MEE exhibited against AMI activity with IC50 values of 0. 432, 1. 193 and 0. 507 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against AGI activity with IC50 values of 0. 164, 0. 768 and 0. 466 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against ARI activity with IC50 values of 0. 742, 2. 158 and 1. 098 mg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on AM, AG and AR. Meanwhile, Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part can be significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose in mice.

Effect of Combined Auricular Acupuncture Therapy on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetics / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of combined auricular acupuncture therapy on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients.Method Sixty type 2 diabetic patients were randomly allocated to a treatment and a control group, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by conventional medication, while the treatment group by combined ear point therapy (ear point massage, bloodletting and seed embedding) in addition to the intervention given to the control group. After 3 months treatment, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in the two groups before and after treatment.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the indicators (fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin) in the treatment group (P<0.01). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the indicators between the treatment and control group (P<0.01).Conclusions Combined auricular acupuncture therapy is an effective way to treat type 2 diabetes. It has a better hypoglycemic effect.

Therapeutic Observation of Regulating Spleen-stomach Needling for Type 2 Diabetic Foot / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of needling method of regulating spleen-stomach in treating early-stage type 2 diabetic foot (DF).Method A hundred patients with early-stage type 2 DF were randomized into a treatment group and a control group,50 cases each.The two groups both received conventional treatment for diabetes.In addition,the treatment group was intervened by needling method of regulating spleen-stomach;the control group was given oral administration of Pancreatic kininogenase enteric-coated tablets.After 6-week treatment,the changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (P2hBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) contents were observed.The clinical efficacies of the two groups were also compared.Result The total effective rate was 91.8％ in the treatment group versus 75.5％ in the control group,and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The levels of FBG,P2hBG,TC,TG,6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 were significantly changed after the intervention in the two groups (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The treatment group was significantly different from the control group in comparing each parameter after the intervention (P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Needling method of regulating spleen-stomach is an effective method in treating early-stage type 2 DF,and can improve the progressive injury induced by abnormal glucose metabolism.

Correlation between sleep lasting time and blood glucose control in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep status and blood glucose control in the patients withgestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods The pregnant women and parturients clinically newly diagnosed as GDM without starting insulin or glibenclamide treatment were included in this study.The subjects were instructed to correctly use the glucometer and comply with the GDM dietary principles.All subjects recorded the sleep log for consecutive 7 d,including the time going to bed and wake time.The linear mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between the sleep lasting time with morning fasting blood glucose and postprandial 1 h blood glucose level.Results The complete sleep logs of consecutive 7 d and blood glucose detection values were finally collected from 65 subjects.The sleep duration shortening had significantly negative correlation with fasting and postprandial 1 h bloodglucose levels.After adjusting age,gestational age and BMI,every increase 1 h of sleep lasting time,the fasting blood glucose level was significantly decreased,there was significant correlation between them[-2.13 mg/dL,95 ％CI(3.98,-0.20)],meanwhile postprandial glucose level was also decreased,they were significant correlation as well[lunch-4,62 mg/dL,95％CI (-8.75,-0.50) vs.dinner-6.07 mg/dL,95％CI(-9.40,-2.73)].Conclusion The sleep lasting time shortening is closely correlated with poor glucose control in the patients with GDM.Informing GDM patients the importance of sufficient sleep,meanwhile early finding and treating the patients with existing sleep disorder can optimize their blood glucose control level.

Effect of boiled and fried dumplings on postprandial blood glucose in diabetes patients assessed by continuous glucose monitoring / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To compare two different dumping cooking methods (boiling vs.frying) in their effect on postprandial glucose level in diabetic patients using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).Methods 10 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in-patients in the Department of Endocrinology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February and May 2011 were enrolled,whose fasting and preprandial glucose levels were controlled with a insulin pump.On day 2 and day 4 in the study period,the patients were given fried dumplings and boiled dumplings for lunch respectively,with the same nutrient contents.The starch digestibility of these two kinds of dumplings were compared using in vitro resistant starch digestion,measuring the concentrations of rapidly digestible starch,slowly digestible starch,and resistant starch.CGM was used to record blood glucose changes,in order to evaluate glycemic effect of these two dumpling cooking methods on postprandial glucose levels at 9 time points (0,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,and 240 minutes),peak blood glucose,and area under the curve (AUC) in 4 time periods (0-60,63-120,123-180,and 183-240 minutes).Results The percentage of rapidly digestible starch was remarkably lower in fried dumplings than in boiled dumplings (30.8％ vs.77.0％),but the content of slowly digestible starch in fried dumplings was higher than that in boiled ones (63.7％ vs.20.7％),and the content of resistant starch in both dumplings were similarly low (1.9％ and 2.3％).The average time to the peak glucose value was shorter in fried dumplings compared with boiled dumplings [(93 ± 53) minutes vs.(156 ± 61) minutes,P =0.02],but the average glucose levels at all the 9 time points and the AUC in all the 4 time periods were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with fried dumplings,boiled dumplings show faster starch digestion,but long time to the peak postprandial glucose level.Fried dumplings may raise the glucose level faster than boiled dumplings do in T2DM patients.

Inhibitory actions of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. Leaf ethanolic extract and its phytochemicals against carbohydrate-digesting enzymes

Objective: To investigate the effects of the leaf ethanolic extract of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (PPE) and its isolated phytochemicals, stigmasterol and sitosterol-3-O-β-. d-glucopyranoside, against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: A concentration of maltose, which is a product released in α-amylase-catalyzing reaction, was used as an index of in vitro α-amylase activity. Meanwhile, in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme activity was indicated by the amount of liberated p-nitrophenol in α-glucosidase-catalyzing reaction. In vivo α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities were evaluated in the normal rats by using oral starch tolerance test and oral sucrose tolerance test, respectively. Results: PPE exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory action against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro with the IC

Evaluation of the effect of different insulin administration methods on glucose control of gestational diabetes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of different insulin administration methods on glucose control of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) .Methods Sixty-four cases with GDM were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion insulin pump therapy, the control group received multiple subcutaneous insulin therapy.Then,the glucose control effect,SAS and SDS score were compared between two groups.Results After 4 weeks,the FBG,HbA1c,2h PG of observation group were significantly lower than the control group[(5.89 ±0.66)mmol/L vs (7.13 ±0.74)mmol/L,(7.14 ±0.82)% vs (8.92 ±0.95)%,(8.87 ±0.92)mmol/L vs (10.13 ±1.32)mmol/L](t=7.074,4.430,8.024,all P<0.05). The glucose fluctuations,insulin amount,hypoglycemia incidence of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group,blood sugar standard time was shorter than the control group[(5.64 ±0.65)mmol/L vs (8.44 ± 0.92)mmol/L,(0.52 ±0.06)U· kg-1· d-1 vs (0.73 ±0.09)U· kg-1· d-1,6.25% vs 28.13%,(4.76 ± 0.55)d vs (7.41 ±0.94)d,t/χ2 =14.061,10.983,5.379,13.764,all P<0.05)];SAS score,SDS score of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group[(34.95 ±4.2) points vs (40.23 ±3.98) points, (35.12 ±3.95)points vs (38.36 ±3.88)points,t=5.162,3.310,all P<0.05)].Conclusion Continuous subcu-taneous insulin infusion insulin pump therapy is helpful to control glucose levels,reduce blood sugar fluctuations and mitigate negative sentiment during treatment,it is an ideal insulin administration method for the treatment of GDM.

Observations on the Therapeutic Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding on the Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut embedding in treating patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes.Methods Two hundred and forty patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 120 cases each. The control group received diet control and kinesitherapy and the treatment group, acupoint catgut embedding in addition. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB) and body mass index (BMI) were measured in the two groups before and after treatment and the clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in FPG, 2hPG and GHB between the two groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing FPG and GHB between the two groups after intervention (P<0.05).The total efficacy rate was 98.3% in the treatment group and 85.0% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Acupoint catgut embedding can improve glucose tolerance and reduce the incidence of diabetes in patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes.

Aferição da glicemia capilar na clínica odontológica - rastreamento de casos de Diabete tipo II / Measurement of blood glucose in the dental clinic - tracking cases of Type II Diabetes

Estimativas mostram que, no ano de 2025, a população brasileira atingirá 228 milhões de habitantes. A Diabete tipo 2 foi a terceira causa de morte no Brasil e a primeira causa de morte entre os 40 e 49 anos (Censo 2010). Em 2025, serão 11 milhões de diabéticos no país, representando um aumento de mais de 100% em relação aos 5 milhões do ano 2000. Este trabalho propõe o rastreamento de casos suspeitos através do teste de aferição da glicemia capilar pós-prandial. Avaliamos 69 mulheres e 34 homens, um percentual de 8% de casos suspeitos os quais apresentaram glicemia capilar média pós-prandial além de duas horas de 232,75mg/dl e a máxima de 412mg/dl em concordância com o Ministério da Saúde.

Estimates show that in 2025, the Brazilian population is expected to reach 228 million. The type 2 Diabetes was the third leading cause of death in Brazil (Censo 2010). By 2025, should be about 11 million diabetics in the country, representing an increase of over 100 % compared to 5 million in 2000,. This study aims to track possible cases through benchmarking test postprandial blood glucose. The evaluation of 69 women and 34 men showed a percentage of 8% possible cases which had mean postprandial blood glucose of more than two hours of 232.75 mg/dl and a maximum of 412mg/dl in agreement with Ministry of Health studies.

Effects of Korean White Ginseng (Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) on Vascular and Glycemic Health in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multiple-crossover, Acute Dose Escalation Trial

Korean red ginseng (steam treated Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), among most prized traditional herbal remedies, has been clinically shown to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Whether this holds true for the dried non-steamed variety, known as Korean white ginseng (KWG) is unclear. This study therefore, investigated the efficacy and safety of escalating doses of KWG on vascular and glycemic parameters in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Using an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design, 25 participants with well-controlled T2DM (12-males: 13-females, age: 63 +/- 9 years, A1c: 6.9 +/- 0.7%, BMI: 29.3 +/- 4.3 kg/m2) underwent five visits during which they received 1 g, 3 g, or 6 g KWG or 3 g wheat-bran control (twice) together with 50 g-glucose load. For the duration of 240 minutes, augmentation index (AI), and central blood pressure were measured at baseline and at 60 min-intervals, and ambulatory blood pressure was assessed at baseline and at 10 min-intervals. Additionally, capillary blood was collected at time zero and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post-treatment. A symptoms questionnaire was used to assess safety and adverse events. Two-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant time-treatment interaction effect on AI (p = 0.01) with one-way ANOVA showing significant reductions in AI with 3 g KWG relative to control (p = 0.04). Compared to control, acute administration of KWG appeared to be safe, but did not affect any other postprandial, vascular or glycemic parameters. KWG might have a beneficial effect on AI, a cumulative indicator of arterial health. However, these results are preliminary and highlight the need for long-term investigation with a focus on its accountable components. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01699074

The relationship between plasma glucose,insulin,HbA1c and cardiovascular risk in obese children / 国际儿科学杂志

Obesity,diabetes mellitus and aging are generally recognized as the causes of intima injury.The incidence of childhood obesity increases rapidly in the world,in line with the lifestyle change and upturn living standards.Some cardiovascular diseases,which just occur in older population before,have appeared in adolescents and children now.The persistence of obesity status,can lead to the increasing morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in their adulthood.There are many factors leading to cardiovascular disease.Diabetes is the independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,especially in adults.However,there are rare reports about this aspect for obesity children who are not diabetes.This review focuses on the correlation between plasma glucose,insulin,glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular risk factors of obese children.

Effect of isocaloric meals of conjee, steamed bread, and cooked rice with different glycemic indices on glucose level in type 2 diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.

Benefits of fixed-doses combination for type 2 diabetes / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

With consideration of optimizing treatment of type 2 diabetes,early combination therapy has been deeply explored, with fixed-doses combination therapy as a available preparation for easier administration. Avandamet ( rosiglitazone maleate and metformin HC1) is widely used in clinical treatment, providing comprehensive and sustained long-term efficacy and confirmed safety with lower hypoglycemia risk, and also high convenience and compliance. Combination of rosiglitazone and metformin improves the dual core defects of type 2 diabetes, targeting FPG and PPG reduction through decreasing hepatic glucose output, and improving peripheral insulin resistance, especially increasing skeletal muscle's utilization of glucose respectively. Large-scale clinical trials gave more confidence to Avandamet. Recently, RECORD study indicated that rosiglitazone in combination with metformin achieved long-term antihyperglycemic efficacy in 5 years period, superior to sulphanylureas plus metformin. Additionally, lower risk of hypoglycemia is another benefit of Avandamet. In conclusion,early use of Avandamet can yield much more benefits than monotherapy and late administration, in consistent with implication of evidence-based trial, guideline, and clinical experiences.

Retrospective of Acarbose (Glucobay(R)) administration experience in China and its prospectives / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

As the first oral anti-diabetic drug special for post-prandial blood glucose.Acarbose (Glucobay) is well accepted by the Chinese doctors and patients in the past decade.and has become a kind of widely-used oral antidiabetic drugs,which seems to be different with the western countries.Was it occasional? Or did it have some unknown reasons?

Screen of inhibitory effect on ?-glucosidase of 10 kinds of Chinese herbs / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect on ?-glucosidase of 10 kinds Chinese herbs and to screen the Chinese herbal medicines which have great inhibitory effect on ?-glycosidase.Methods:The ?-glucosidase was extracted from small intestine of rat.The amount of glucose was measured with produced from substrate of malt sugar.The inhibitory effect of 10 kinds of Chinese herbs on ?-glucosidase was observed by this enzyme reaction system.Then disposable gastric perfused malt sugar(2 g/kg) and the extraction screened at the same time,detected the levels of blood glucose after 60 min.The positive control group is acarbose(ACAR) group.Results:The three kinds Chinese herbs(Chishao,Shanzhuyu and Sangbaipi) showed very good inhibitory activities,and they showed obviously concentration-effect curve relationship.Among them,the inhibitary activity of Sangbaipi is stronger than Chishao and Shanzhuyu.While the dose of Sangbaipi reached 10mg/mL,the inhibition rate arrived 80%,which effect was equivalet to the dose of 1mg/ml acarbose.The results of postprandial blood glucose in vitro showed us:Sangbaipi,Chishao and Shanzhuyu can inhibit postprandial blood glucose levels in rats that have been disposable gastric perfused malt sugar after 60min(P0.05).Conclusion:The three kinds of Chinese herbs(Chishao,Shanzhuyu and Sangbaipi) can inhibit ?-glucosidase activity obviously in both vitro and vivo.

The clinical significance and assessment methods of glucose fluctuation / 中国实用内科杂志

More and more evidence shows that glucose fluctuation,independent of HbA1c,may play a significant role in the risk for diabetes complications.The purpose of this article is to introduce the assessment of glycemic fluctuation in four aspects,such as within-day blood glucose excursions,day-to-day blood glucose excursions,postprandial blood glucose excursions,and the risk of serious hypoglycemia.The indexes for assessment of within-day blood glucose excursions contain standard deviation of blood glucose(SDBG),time percentage of blood glucose excursions in a certain range,area under the curve or frequency distribution,the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions(LAGE),M-value,and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE);the indexes for assessment of day-to-day blood glucose excursions contain fasting plasma glucose-coefficient variation(FPG-CV),and absolute means of daily differences(MODD);the indexes for assessment of postprandial blood glucose excursions contain mean indices of meal excursions(MIME) and increase area under the curve(IAUC);the indexes for assessment of the risk of serious hypoglycemia contain low blood glucose index(LBGI).Rational choices should be made according to the feature of every index and the aim of assessment in Clinicians.

Relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and postprandial blood glucose with urinary albumin excretion ratein patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(HBA1c) and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG) with 12-hour urinary albumin excretion rate(UAE).Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),whose fast blood glucose(FBG) levels after treatment were less than 7.0 mmol/L,and 54 healthy subjects were the control group in this study.The level of HBA1c was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The level of 2hPBG was measured by glucose oxidase assay and the level of UAE was detected by radioimmunoassay.According to the level of HBA1c and 2hPBG,the patients were divided into 4 groups: group A(HBA1c7% and PBG