Traits of the host trees, not community diversity, drive epiphytes abundance in tropical seasonal forests / Atributos das árvores hospedeiras, e não a diversidade da comunidade, conduzem a abundância de epífitas em florestas tropicais sazonais

Abstract Epiphytes are considered indicators of forest ecological integrity, but the factors that explain their abundance are still not well understood. We here evaluated tree colonization by epiphytes in old-growth monospecific reforestation stands of Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) and Eucalyptus saligna Sm. (Myrtaceae), in comparison to a neighbor seasonal tropical forest fragment under similar environmental conditions. In each forest type, we identified and measured all trees (planted and colonizers) from 5-cm stem diameter in five 200 m² plots and quantified all vascular epiphytes per tree. Tree species were categorized by bark roughness, canopy deciduousness and growth rate. The abundance of epiphytes and the frequency of host trees were higher in the A. urundeuva plantation than in the native forest, with the E. saligna stand in an intermediate position. Also, we found that host traits influenced the abundance of epiphytes in their trunks. Host trees had average stem perimeter and height both higher than non-hosts, which indicates that colonization is more likely to occur in older trees. The average abundance of epiphytes per tree was higher in species with rough bark, but no relationship was found with canopy deciduousness or tree growth rate. We evidenced, therefore, that forest plantations, even if monospecific, can provide habitat for epiphytes. However, at community level, colonization success, either in native or restored forest, depends on the relative abundance of species whose bark type favors epiphytes establishment.

Resumo Epífitas são consideradas indicadores de integridade ecológica em florestas, mas os fatores que explicam sua abundância ainda não são bem compreendidos. Neste estudo, avaliamos a colonização por epífitas em antigos talhões monoespecíficos de Astronium urundeuva (M.Allemão) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) e Eucalyptus saligna Sm. (Myrtaceae), em comparação com um fragmento vizinho de floresta estacional semidecidual sob condições ambientais semelhantes. Em cada tipologia florestal, identificamos e medimos todas as árvores (plantadas e que colonizaram os locais) a partir de 5 cm de diâmetro à altura padrão, em cinco parcelas de 200 m². Nelas, também quantificamos todas as epífitas vasculares por árvore. Em busca de uma explicação funcional para as diferenças entre espécies, utilizamos rugosidade da casca, deciduidade da copa e taxa de crescimento como atributos potencialmente relevantes. A abundância das epífitas e a frequência de forófitos foi maior no talhão de A. urundeuva do que na floresta nativa, com o talhão de E. saligna ocupando uma posição intermediária. Encontramos evidências, também, de que os atributos dos forófitos influenciaram a abundância de epífitas em seus troncos. Os forófitos apresentaram maior perímetro médio e altura que as árvores não hospedeiras, o que indica que a colonização é mais provável de ocorrer em árvores mais velhas. A abundância média de epífitas por árvore foi maior em espécies com casca rugosa, mas nem a deciduidade da copa, nem a velocidade de crescimento exerceram efeito neste aspecto. Evidenciamos, portanto que, plantações florestais, ainda que monoespecíficas, podem prover habitat para epífitas. Contudo, em nível de comunidade, o sucesso da colonização, seja em florestas nativas ou restauradas, depende da abundância relativa de espécies cujo tipo de casca favorece o estabelecimento de epífitas.

Consentimento e esclarecimento: dever e direito à informação em odontologia / Consent and clarification: duty and right to information in dentistry / Consentimiento y aclaración: deber y derecho a la información en odontología

Resumo Estudos acerca do consentimento informado de paciente no âmbito da odontologia são escassos e apresentam divergências, evidenciando a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre definições, dinâmica, atos normativos, jurisprudência e limites de responsabilidade diante de fatores diversos e riscos inerentes à profissão. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica que incluiu estudos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS, bem como livros-texto, buscou-se definir o que se entende por consentimento livre e esclarecido do paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e destacar a denominada "escolha esclarecida", considerando que a atividade do cirurgião-dentista é classificada como serviço e é regulamentada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Código Civil e leis especiais. Diante disso, busca-se verificar se é possível melhorar a obtenção do consentimento informado do paciente, transformando-a em processo de escolha esclarecida que considere tratamentos adequadamente indicados cuja finalidade principal é a saúde.

Abstract Studies on informed patient consent in the field of dentistry are scarce and present divergences, highlighting the need to deepen knowledge about definitions, dynamics, normative acts, case law and limits of responsibility in the face of diverse factors and risks inherent to the profession. From a bibliographic review that included studies indexed in the SciELO and LILACS databases, as well as textbooks, this study aimed to define what is meant by a patient's free and informed consent, distinguish different types and highlight the so-called "informed choice," considering that the activity of the dental surgeon is classified as a service and is regulated by the 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil, the Consumer Defense Code, the Civil Code and special laws. The aim is to see if it is possible to improve the process of obtaining informed consent from patients, transforming it into a process of informed choice that takes into account appropriately indicated treatments whose main purpose is health.

Resumen Los estudios del consentimiento informado del paciente en odontología son escasos y presentan divergencias, lo que revela la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento en definiciones, dinámicas, actos normativos, jurisprudencia y límites de responsabilidad frente a diversos factores y riesgos relacionados a la profesión. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS, y en libros, se buscó definir qué se entiende por consentimiento informado del paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e identificar la llamada "decisión aclarada", considerando que la actividad del cirujano dental está clasificada como un servicio y reglamentada por la Constitución Federal de 1988, el Código de Defensa del Consumidor, el Código Civil y leyes especiales. Se busca identificar si es posible mejorar el consentimiento informado al convertirlo en un proceso de obtención de decisión aclarada que considere adecuadamente los tratamientos cuya principal finalidad sea la salud.

olf413 Gene Controls Taste Recognition, Preference and Feeding Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Recognition and responsiveness to food taste becomes a crucial event in foraging and feeding behaviour of an organism. Adjusting the feeding behaviour through a sophisticated and robust taste system is critical to fulfil their nutritional needs and facilitate its survival in environment. Palatability of food sources depends on the sensory and motor cues provided by the brain, in co-ordination with the other body systems to enable decisive feeding. Drosophila melanogaster is an apt model organism to decipher these behavioural paradigms. Octopamine a neurotransmitter, is required in regulation of feeding behavioural responses. olf413, a paralogue of TH, is a gene predicted for its involvement in octopamine biosynthesis. The biological function of this gene is yet to be unravelled. Here we propose this gene function in taste recognition, food preference and feeding activity. We test the olf413 loss of function mutants for food preference between two fruit extracts using CAFE and horizontal box methods. In our study we have used olf413 gene disruption strain, olf413MI02014 homozygous and in transheterozygous condition with another allele isolated in our lab, olf413SG1.1. The results show that olf413 mutants display a severe phenotype in feeding behaviour and there is an allele specific phenotypic distinction between the two strains. Thus implying that olf413 gene function is required for taste recognition, starvation driven initiation and execution of feeding behaviour of the flies.

A cross-sectional study of influence of cerebral dominance on cardiovascular responses to autonomic stressor tests in adolescents

Background: Hand preference is perhaps the most obvious behavioral asymmetry observed in humans and is related to cerebral dominance. Animal and human studies have shown that cerebral cortex has a definite role in regulation of cardiovascular autonomic activity. Each hemisphere exhibits differential control over dynamics of heart especially the sympathetic activity is controlled by right hemisphere insula in particular. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate influence of cerebral dominance (handedness) on cardiovascular responses such as heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) indices to autonomic stressor tests in the left and right hander adolescents. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in cardiovascular responses in the left and right handers to autonomic stressor tests. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 35 right and 35 left hander students of age group 16–20 years. Autonomic stressor tests used in the study were handgrip dynamometry and cold pressor test (CPT). Results: The right and left handers had similar baseline values of BP and HR. All the subjects responded to Autonomic function tests by increased BP and HR from baseline. The absolute BP values and change in BP from baseline were significantly higher in the left than right handers both during and after the tests. HR values showed significant differences in peak values during both the tests. Visual analog score was similar during CPT in both groups. Conclusion: The HR and BP responses to autonomic stressor tests are higher in the left handers than right handers supports the fact that the right hemisphere has more influence on sympathetic activity of heart.

La empatía, la comunicación efectiva y la asertividad en la práctica médica actual / Empathy, effective communication and assertiveness in current medical practice

Resumen La empatía, la comunicación efectiva y la asertividad en la práctica médica actual representan habilidades y herramientas necesarias y vigentes en un mundo de grandes avances y realidades tecnológicas que no superan, en nuestra perspectiva, lo indispensable para mantener y fortalecer la relación del profesional de la salud con el paciente, específicamente la relación médico-paciente. Es conveniente identificar y reconocer el hecho de que estas relaciones interpersonales deben ser modificadas mediante el reconocimiento de su bidireccionalidad y deben centrarse en un carácter educativo, de retroalimentación y atención mutua, con una mejora continua de la regla de las "15 C": comunicación, cercanía, comprensión, compasión, confianza, capacidad, consistencia, certificación, creatividad, cooperación/coordinación, compromiso bidireccional y conexión, con las resultantes calidad y calidez.

Abstract Empathy, effective communication and assertiveness in current medical practice represent skills and tools necessary and current, in a world of great advances and technological realities that do not surpass, in our perspective, the indispensable use of such tools to maintain and strengthen the relationship of the health professional with the patient and specifically of the doctor-patient relationship. It is convenient to identify and recognize the fact that these interpersonal relationships must be modified by recognizing their bidirectionality and that they should focus on an educational, feedback and mutual attention, with a continuous improvement of the "15 C" rule: communication, closeness, understanding, compassion, confidence, capacity, consistency, certification, creativity, cooperation/coordination and bidirectional commitment and connection, with the resulting quality and warmth.

Using the analytic hierarchy process to elicit patient preference in the evaluation of first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer / Uso do processo analítico hierárquico para eleger a preferência do paciente na avaliação da primeira linha de tratamento do câncer de mama metastático her2 hiperexpresso

Abstract Background The many combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and biologicals available in the Brazilian National Health System for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer require analysis that contribute to decision making. Objective The study's primary aim was to evaluate the first-line treatment of HER2- overexpressing metastatic breast cancer from the Brazilian Unified Health System perspective using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). Method The treatment options evaluated were (a) pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel, and (b) trastuzumab in combination with docetaxel. Using the hierarchical analytical method, medical oncologists compared the relevance of five predefined criteria: overall survival, response to treatment, adverse events, cost- effectiveness, and budget impact. Results The therapeutic scheme considered more appropriate by the model was pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel. The most sensitive criteria were adverse events, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact. The results suggest that the classification has a close relationship with the perspective of healthcare professionals participating in the questionnaire. Conclusion Defining the treatment of an incurable disease associated with a short survival time and high-cost treatment options necessitates complex decision-making. MCDA allows the weighting of criteria and considering criteria that would be difficult to measure in other methods, such as cost-effectiveness. These aspects differ from economic models and contribute to a broader evaluation of health decision-making.

Resumo Introdução As diversas combinações de agentes quimioterápicos e biológicos disponíveis no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro para o tratamento do câncer de mama metastático requerem análises que contribuam para a tomada de decisões. Objetivo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o tratamento de primeira linha para câncer de mama metastático HER2 hiperexpresso sob a perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde, utilizando a análise de decisão multicritérios (MCDA). Método As opções de tratamento avaliadas foram: (a) pertuzumabe em combinação com trastuzumabe e docetaxel, e (b) trastuzumabe em combinação com docetaxel. Usando o método analítico hierárquico, médicos oncologistas compararam a relevância dos cinco critérios predefinidos: sobrevida global, resposta ao tratamento, eventos adversos, custo-efetividade e impacto orçamentário. Resultados O esquema terapêutico considerado mais apropriado pelo modelo foi pertuzumabe em combinação com trastuzumabe e docetaxel. Os critérios mais sensíveis foram eventos adversos, custo-efetividade e impacto orçamentário. Os resultados sugerem que a classificação está associada à perspectiva do profissional de saúde participante do questionário. Conclusão Definir o tratamento de uma doença incurável associada a um tempo de sobrevida curto e opções de tratamento de alto custo requer uma tomada de decisão complexa. O MCDA permite ponderar e considerar critérios que seriam difíceis de medir em outros modelos de decisão. Esses aspectos contribuem para uma avaliação mais ampla da tomada de decisões em saúde.

Atendimento na atenção primária à saúde: olhares de pessoas trans / Service in primary health care: perspectives of trans people / Atención primaria de salud: perspectivas de personas transgénero

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências e demandas de pessoas transexuais ao buscar serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com pessoas autodeclaradas transexuais que utilizam os serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário on-line, esses foram submetidos à análise através de software livre para dados qualitativos e o corpus textual de pesquisa passou pela análise do tipo temático-categorial. Resultados: com a análise dos dados, foi criada a categoria: vivências e demandas no atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde, que representou 51,6% das Unidades de Registro. Conclusão: no cenário atual, a população trans ainda padece com dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde e, portanto de terem seus direitos garantidos

Objectives: to know the experiences and demands of transgender people when seeking primary health care services. Method: descriptive research with a qualitative approach, conducted with self-declared transsexual scare people who use primary health care services. Data collection was performed through an online questionnaire, which were submitted to analysis through free software for qualitative data and the textual corpus of research was analyzed by thematic-category analysis. Results: with data analysis, two categories were created: experiences in primary health care, which represented 51.6% of the Registry Units. Conclusion: in the current scenario, the trans population still suffers from difficulties in accessing health services and therefore having their rights guaranteed

Objetivos: conocer las experiencias y demandas de las personas transgénero a la hora de buscar servicios de atención primaria de salud. Método: investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, realizada con personas autodeclaradas transexuales que utilizan los servicios de atención primaria de salud. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea, que se sometió a análisis a través de software libre para obtener datos cualitativos y el corpus textual de investigación se analizó mediante análisis de categoría temática. Resultados: con el análisis de datos se crearon dos categorías: experiencias en atención primaria de salud, que representaron el 51,6% de las Unidades de Registro. Conclusión: en el escenario actual, la población trans aún sufre dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud y, por lo tanto, tener garantizados sus derechos

Analysis of Barriers to Public and Private Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Patients with Low and High Adherence

ABSTRACT Introduction: Participants in cardiac rehabilitation programs have low adherence to their sessions, which makes extremely important to recognize the barriers that cause non-adherence, identifying whether the type of service and level of adherence influence these barriers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study, in which 220 individuals (66.80±11.59 years) of both genders who are members of public and private exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs participated. The volunteers were divided according to the level of adherence, considering patients with low adherence (PLA) those with < 70% of attendance and high adherence (PHA) those with > 70%. Then, initial evaluation, Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale, analysis of socioeconomic level, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination were applied. Results: Higher total barriers were found in PLA in the public service compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.023). In the subscale "perceived need", PHA in the public service showed higher values than PLA and PHA in the private service (P≤0.001). The "access" barrier was higher for PHA in the public service when compared to PHA in the private service (P=0.024). PHA in the public service exhibited a higher barrier regarding questions about distance, transportation problems, cost, and time constraints. Conclusion: The public program presents higher barriers in the questions and categories compared to the private program, mainly the PHA. Furthermore, there are differences in the profile of the participants regarding socioeconomic and anxiety levels, treatment time, ethnicity, and city where they live.

Resveratrol inhibits nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in mice

Abstract Nicotine addiction leads to in a huge burden on public health and the economy worldwide. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene) is the most well-known polyphenolic stilbenoid. Resveratrol was shown to exhibit positive effects on numerous mechanisms that are important for drug and substance addiction. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of resveratrol on nicotine addiction. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) significantly enhanced time spent in the nicotine-paired compartment. Resveratrol (50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and varenicline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) co-administered with nicotine during the 3-day conditioning period effectively diminished the acquisition of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). On the other hand, the administration of resveratrol (50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and varenicline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the low dose (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) nicotine-induced reinstatement. The results suggest that resveratrol and varenicline inhibit the acquisition and reinstatement of nicotine's reward properties. Resveratrol displayed similar results in the CPP phases as obtained with the reference drug varenicline. In conclusion, resveratrol could be beneficial as an adjuvant pharmacotherapy for nicotine addiction; however, more investigation is needed to completely explain this property.

Antenatal women's childbearing practices at the Niger Delta university teaching hospital, Okolobiri Nigeria

Background: Overpopulation in a community or a country reflects high fertility desires of its citizens. A country can only progress meaningfully if its resources and amenities can provide for all its citizens. Objectives: To examine the childbearing practices of antenatal attendees at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria and whether there is any suggestion of fertility decline or transition. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of two hundred and fifty-two women who had antenatal care in the hospital during the study period. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Statistical significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30.5 ± 5.9 years. More than half (53.6%) had tertiary education and 39.3% had secondary education. Only 29.4% were housewives/unemployed. The median parity was 2 and 229 women accounted for previous deliveries of 596 babies. The median desired total number of children was 4 (range 1 to 8). More than half (56.3%) did not believe in spacing after the first child. Seventy-six (30.2%) had no knowledge of modern contraceptives. There was a significant relationship (p - 0.018) between child sex preference and number of births. Conclusion: With a current median parity of two children/woman and desired total number of children of a median of four children/woman, the childbearing practices of the population studied may not result in a fertility rate far below the Nigeria national average of 5.3 children per woman. Nevertheless, a study to derive the total fertility rate in the study population is necessary to determine whether or not there is ongoing fertility transition.

Profiling of Aedes Mosquito Breeding Sites at Residential Construction Sites in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Poor waste management led to mosquito breeding grounds. Previous research found that construction sites are the mosquito breeding area thus it’s important to understand how construction sites affect mosquito breeding. Methods: This study utilized a prospective study to determine the characteristic of breeding preference in residential construction sites. On-field breeding preference survey was conduct in the selected project site in 12 weeks (1st October 2021 until 31st December 2021). Wet container inspection was carried out according to types of the residential construction building and progress of the site. All possible wet materials and containers was inspected and record accordingly in the form during the surveillance. Results: Result shows that the most preferred containers found was building floor (41.68%), others such as planter box that use for landscape purpose, drainage system, building mould and lift wells. The results of the research indicate that prospective containers with water and breeding sites at high rise construction sites were found to be more than those at low rise construction sites. Conclusion: Overall, substantially fewer water containers were discovered in low rise projects compared to high rise projects. Construction management need encourage all the workers to do best management practice such as proper waste disposal and removal of the water and possible wet container and conduct awareness among the workers.

Preference of nursing staff on providing " Internet + nursing service" for elderly patients / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To find the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing service" for elderly patients.Methods:By means of the discrete choice experiment, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the preferences of nursing staff when they provide " Internet + nursing services" for elderly patients. In-service nursing staff from 8 medical and health institutions in Ningbo city and Wenzhou city were selected by random sampling, for an online questionnaire survey conducted from May to June 2022. The preferences of nursing staff on their service income, service content, service distance, service continuity and residence status of elderly patients when providing " Internet + nursing service" were analyzed by mixed logit regression.Results:A total of 420 valid questionnaires were collected. Compared to 50 yuan/order, nursing staff preferred to a price of 150 yuan/order ( β= 1.22, P<0.001) nursing services; Compared to specialized nursing services, nursing staff preferred to the routine care ( β= 0.86, P<0.001) and health promotion ( β= 0.86, P<0.05) service; Compared to<5 km, nursing staff were unwilling to provide nursing services for elderly patients at distances of 5-10 km and 11-15 km ( β=-0.66, P<0.05; β=-0.95, P<0.001) ; Compared to 1-2 visits per month, nursing staff preferred not to provide continuing care services ( β=-0.70, P<0.05); Compared to homestay with the patient family, nursing staff preferred to provide nursing services for elderly patients residing in nursing homes ( β= 1.21, P<0.001) . Conclusions:Considering the preference of nursing staff tend to provide " Internet + nursing service" for the elderly patients with services featuring appropriate price, non-specialist care, close distance, low continuity (moderate intensity used as the reference) and security assurance for practice.

Influence of the connotation of the prevention and treatment recommendations of the physical examination report on the intention of the medical examiner / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence on the willingness to seek medical treatment by revising the recommendations for prevention and treatment in the medical examination report.Methods:Revising the prevention and treatment recommendations for four diseases, including proteinuria, hyperuricemia, hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency to clearly inform the etiology and prognosis of them. Using a cross-sectional study method, pre-revision prevention and treatment recommendations (version A) and post-revision prevention and treatment recommendations (version B) questionnaires were randomly distributed to medical examiners and at the health management center of our hospital in Wuhan. An ordinal logistic regression model and a binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the correlation of the understanding of diseases and the willingness to seek medical treatment with different connotation of the prevention and treatment recommendations, respectively.Results:A total of 530 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 267 were from version A and 263 from version B. There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic profile of respondents between version A and version B. For the four high risk factors of kidney diseases mentioned above, version B was better than version A in terms of understanding and willingness to seek medical treatment ( P<0.001). The level of understanding OR(95% CI) were 3.691(2.570, 5.301), 2.238(1.511, 3.320), 4.293(6.353, 2.903) and 5.275(7.877, 3.529) respectively. The willingness to seek medical treatment OR(95% CI) were 3.554(2.441, 5.175), 2.850(1.975, 4.114), 5.144(3.457, 7.654) and 4.225(2.868, 6.224) respectively. All the P values were lower than 0.001. Conclusions:Improving the connotation of prevention and treatment recommendations in the medical examination report can help increase the willingness for early medical consultation.

Role of circTmeff-1 in morphine addiction memory of mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

In addition to the essential pharmacologi-cal effects of opioids,situational cues associated with drug addiction memory are key triggers for drug seeking.CircRNAs,an emerging hotspot regulator in crown genet-ics-play an important role in central nervous system-relat-ed diseases.However,the internal mediating mechanism of circRNA in the field of drug reward and addiction mem-ory remains unknown.Here,we trained mice on a condi-tional place preference(CPP)model and collected nucle-us accumbens(NAc)tissues from day 1(T0)and day 8(T1)for high-throughput RNA sequencing.qRT-PCR revealed that circTmeff-1 was highly expressed in the NAc core but not in the NAc shell,suggesting that it plays a role in addiction memory formation.Meanwhile,the reverse regulation of circTmeff-1 by adeno-associated viruses could both inhibit the formation of addiction mem-ory in the NAc core or shell.Subsequently,the GO and KEGG analyses indicated 21 that circTmeff-1 might regu-late the addiction memory via the MAPK and AMPK path-ways.These findings suggest that circTmeff-1 in NAc plays a crucial role in morphine-dependent memory for-mation.

A circuit from dorsal hippocampal CA3 to parvafox nucleus mediates social novelty preference deficits induced by chronic social defeat stress / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE The preference for social novelty is crucial to the social life of humans and rodents.However,the neural mechanisms underlying social novelty preference are poorly understood.Dorsal hippocampal CA3(dCA3)is an important brain area that responds to social defeat stress,and the neural circuitry of dCA3→lat-eral septum(LS)participates in the context-associated memory.Meanwhile,the parvafox nucleus(PFN)Foxb1+ neurons regulate the defensive reaction to life-threaten-ing situations.Therefore,we investigate a cell-specific cir-cuit of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dorsal LSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+ in social novelty preference.METHODS Chronic social defeat stress(CSDS)and three-chamber social interaction test were performed in adult male C57BL/6J mice to detect social behaviors.Optogenetic and chemical-genetic experiments were conducted to regulate the circuit.RESULTS CSDS reduced the preference for social nov-elty in mice and the response of dCA3CaMKⅡα+ neurons dur-ing approach to an unfamiliar mouse was impaired by CSDS.Optogenetic inhibition of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLS pro-jection reduced the preference for the unfamiliar mouse versus a familiar mouse.Meanwhile,optogenetic activa-tion of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLS projection rescued the prefer-ence for social novelty of CSDS-treated mice.Manipula-tions dLSGABA+→PFN projection activation regulated the preference for social novelty in mice.Optogenetic activa-tion of PFNFoxb1+→lPAG projection reduced the prefer-ence for a familiar C57BL/6J mouse versus a novel object in control mice.CSDS decreased the excitability of dCA3CaMKⅡα+ neurons by up-regulation of Kir2.4(Kcnj14)expression.CONCLUSION Our present study suggest-ed that activation of a cell-specific circuit of dCA3CaMKⅡα+→dLSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+→lPAG reverses the deficits of social novelty preference in defeated mice,and inhibition of this circuit reduces the preference for social novelty.The cir-cuit that regulates the preference for social novelty deficits may provide a new information for the potential therapeu-tic targets for neuropsychiatric diseases.

Effects of SIRT1 on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats through CREB/BDNF pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of microinjection of EX527, a selective SIRT1 antagonist, into the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and to explore the role of CREB/BDNF in it. Methods The cannulas were implanted bilaterally in the VLO of rats by brain stereotaxis surgery, and the model of morphine-induced CPP was established. The behavioral experiment consisted of four stages:habituation (d 1), pre-test (d 2-4), conditioning training (d 5-14) and test (d 15). At the stage of conditioning training, EX527 (1 μL, 5 g·L

Blockade of the Dopamine D3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System / 神经科学通报·英文版

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our results illustrated that YQA14 dose-dependently reduced infusions under the fixed-ratio 2 procedure and lowered the breakpoint under the progressive-ratio procedure in heroin self-administered rats, also attenuated heroin-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. On the other hand, YQA14 not only reduced morphine-induced expression of conditioned place preference but also facilitated the extinguishing process in mice. Moreover, we elucidated that YQA14 attenuated opioid-induced reward or reinforcement mainly by inhibiting morphine-induced up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and decreasing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with a fiber photometry recording system. These findings suggest that D3R might play a very important role in opioid addiction, and YQA14 may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in attenuating opioid-induced addictive behaviors dependent on the dopamine system.

Association Between Dietary Knowledge and Food Preferences in Residents Aged 18 and Over in China Based on Latent Class Analysis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the food preferences and explore the potential association between dietary knowledge and food preferences in residents aged 18 and over in China,so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy diets.Methods The latent class analysis was carried out with the 2015 cross-sectional data of China health and nutrition survey to categorize the food preferences among 8 783 residents aged 18 and over.Multinomial Logistic regression was adopted to assess the association between and dietary knowledge and food preferences.Results The food preferences of the residents aged 18 and over in China were classified into preference for less vegetable(3.28%),lack of preference(11.20%),diverse preferences(4.19%),and preference for healthy diets(81.33%).The proportion of the adults with dietary knowledge was 36.87%(3 238/8 783).The dietary knowledge varied in the adults with different food preferences(all P<0.001).After adjusting for gender,age,urban and rural distribution,education background,and annual household income,for each point increase in the dietary knowledge score,there was an estimated reduction of 22% in the probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.76-0.80, P<0.001),13% in the probability of lacking preference(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.86-0.89, P<0.001),and 3% in the probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.97,95%CI=0.94-1.00, P=0.030).Compared with those lacking dietary knowledge,the individuals with dietary knowledge had a 77% less probability of preferring less vegetables(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.16-0.32, P<0.001),a 55% less probability of lacking preference(OR=0.45,95%CI=0.39-0.53, P<0.001),and a 23% less probability of having diverse preferences(OR=0.77,95%CI=0.61-0.96, P=0.023).Conclusions The residents aged 18 and over in China presented four food preferences,including preference for less vegetables,lack of preference,diverse preferences,and preference for healthy diets,the last of which had the highest proportion.The individuals with lower levels of dietary knowledge have higher probability of preferring unhealthy food.

Quality Evaluation of Mori Cortex from Different Producing Areas Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different producing areas by the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution（TOPSIS）， and to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of Mori Cortex. MethodAccording to the five key indexes of color， thickness， texture， powdery and cortex remain， a subjective scoring table was designed to evaluate the appearance of Mori Cortex. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the fingerprint and the contents of multiple components（mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， oxyresveratrol， mulberroside C， sanggenone D， sanggenone C， morusin）， and chemometrics was used to explore the differential components of Mori Cortex from different habitats. On this basis， TOPSIS was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and SPSS 22.0 software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis between thickness and appearance color with contents of seven components of Mori Cortex. ResultThose with lighter color， thicker root bark， tougher texture， sufficient powder and less cortex remain scored higher， and the top five were all from Anhui. The established fingerprint and determination methods were stable and reliable. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） screened three components with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1（mulberroside A， sanggenone D， sanggenone C）， which made an important contribution to the difference in the origin of Mori Cortex. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between mulberroside C with lightness value（L*） and total chromaticity value（E*ab） and mulberroside A with yellow-blue value（b*）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， a significantly negative correlation between sanggenone C with b* and between morusin with L*（P<0.05， P<0.01）. And there was a significantly negative correlation between mulberroside A， chlorogenic acid， and morusin with thickness（P<0.01）， a clearly negative correlation between sanggenone D with thickness（P<0.05）， a significantly positive correlation between sanggenone C with thickness（P<0.01）. TOPSIS comprehensive scores showed that the samples from Anhui had a good score and ranked high. ConclusionThere are great differences in the quality of Mori Cortex from different habitats， and those with the close habitats show similar characteristics in appearance and component content， and lighter color and less cortex were positively correlated with the quality. Among them， the quality of Mori Cortex from Anhui is relatively good.

Dietary preference and nutritional knowledge needs of the elderly at meal service sites in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the dietary preference and nutritional knowledge needs of the elderly people who dined at meal service sites. MethodsUsing the form of stratified and convenience sampling method with self-designed questionnaire was used， in November 2021， to select 700 elderly people who dine at meal service sites in 7 jurisdictions in Shanghai were selected， and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information. Results91.64% of the elderly surveyed would eat at relatively fixed meal service sites， and the total Dietary Diversity Score （DDS9） was 3.56±1.46. 41.45% of the elderly with diseases preferred unhealthy cooking methods. Only 8.03% of the surveyed seniors said they were unwilling to accept targeted and personalized nutrition tips and reminders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the probability reaching the “understanding” level of “Food Guide Pagoda for Chinese Residents” and “Four Principles Recommended by the Core Dietary Guidelines for the Elderly” was different in the elderly with different education levels. The willingness of the elderly to expect to receive different nutrition tips and reminders was related to whether they cared about the corresponding contents. There was a statistically significant difference （P<0.05） among the elderly who were concerned about different health problems in terms of the willingness to receive different nutritional tips. There were significant differences in the proportion of elderly people with different health status for intervention （χ2=5.402， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe elderly who dine at meal service sites are highly dependent on the sites， have a low level of dietary diversification， and do not have a high degree of understanding of nutrition-related knowledge， and have a high demand for targeted nutritional interventions. Nutritional interventions for the sick elderly should be piloted through multiple channels.