Identification of Prototype Components and Their Metabolites in Rat Serum, Urine and Feces After Oral Administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex Aqueous Extract by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometry （UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS） was applied to analyze the prototypes and their metabolites of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract in the serum， urine and feces of normal rats， and to investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis of Phellodendri Amurensis<italic> </italic>Cortex in rats. Method:Chromatographic separation was performed on the ACQUITY UPLC^® CSH^TM C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm） with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-15 min， 2%-25%B； 15-25 min， 25%-50%B； 25-28 min， 50%-98%B）， flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1， the injection volume was 10 μL and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Heated electrospray ionization （HESI） was used to collect data in the positive ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 000. By comparing chromatogram differences between the blank samples and the samples after administration， prototypes and their metabolites of biological samples after oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract were identified. Result:After oral administration of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract， a total of 70 compounds including 15 prototypes and 55 metabolites in rat serum， urine and feces were detected. Among them， 15 prototypes included 12 alkaloids and 3 limonoids， and 55 metabolites included 52 alkaloids and 3 limonoids. Desaturation， methylation， oxidation， sulfonation and glucuronide conjugation were observed as the primary metabolic pathways for the chemical constituents of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract. Conclusion:Alkaloids in Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex aqueous extract undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolism in rats， and limonoids mainly undergo phase Ⅰ metabolism in rats. This paper can provide experimental basis for further analyzing the process <italic>in vivo</italic> of Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex and elucidating its pharmacodynamic substance basis<italic>.</italic>

Subjective Preference of New Prototypes Safety Helmets Device among Palm Oil Plantation Harvesters in Sandakan, Sabah

@#Introduction: Safety helmets are one of the personal protective equipment (PPE) that to decrease the impact of any falling object to the skull and to avoid head and brain injury by many industries, including palm oil plantation. Nevertheless, the level on the usage of the current safety helmet is very low due to a few factors that lead to the discomfort. Among the common issues for the non-compliance of safety helmets are their discomfort, ventilation, weight and safety. This study aims to determine subjective preference of the new prototypes’ safety helmets device among palm oil plantation harvesters. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 124 harvesters in three palm oil plantations located in Sabah, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires used to collect data on their socio-demographic background, perceptions toward existing safety helmets and their subjective preference of new safety helmets prototypes. Apart from that, six harvesters were randomly choosing to attend an interview session for qualitative study. Results: The descriptive analysis indicate that among the emphasized issues regarding non-compliance of existing safety helmet were due to discomfort (66.1%), poor ventilation (97.6%), load of safety helmet (83.3%) and safety issues (68.5%). In terms of new safety helmets prototypes, 72.6% of the harvesters preferred Design C to be worn for work in the plantation. Conclusion: It can be suggested that the existing safety helmet is uncomfortable and was not design ergonomically namely loose size and discomfort. Design C was the most preferred to be worn for work in the palm oil plantation.

Mapeo de preferencias e innovación basada en comportamiento del consumidor sobre la categoría de frituras a base de papa en el mercado colombiano / Preference Mapping and Customer Based Innovation Applied to Potato Based Snacks Market in Colombia

Resumen El mapeo de preferencias es una técnica inspirada en la psicología matemática con el objetivo de optimizar procesos productivos y de innovación centrada en el consumidor. El presente estudio socializa los hallazgos de la aplicación de esta técnica sobre el mercado de pasabocas a base de papa con sabor natural en Colombia. Un total de 462 participantes de las ciudades de Bogotá, Medellín, Cali y Barranquilla participaron en el experimento probando ocho productos, cuatro actualmente distribuidos en Colombia, cuatro prototipos, una importación de México y una importación Argentina. Luego de obtener óptimos indicadores de bondad de ajuste en modelos de escalamiento multidimensional, los resultados indican que las preferencias de los participantes en esta categoría están migrando de las frituras a los pasabocas horneados, con más cáscaras en el borde, más gruesas en comparación al promedio y más crocantes. Los hallazgos invitan a la industria a explotar este cultivo de producción agrícola interna, en procesos productivos que permitan superar la barrera de adopción clásica en la categoría: la grasa.

Abstract The preference mapping is a mathematical psychology technique oriented to optimize productive process and to develop customer based innovation. The present study socialize the findings about the application of this technique in potato based snacks in Colombian market. An experimental design with 8 products, 4 with present distribution in Colombia, 2 prototypes, 1 product imported from Mexico and one product from Argentina was applied on 462 participants from Bogotá, Medellin, Cali and Barranquilla. After to check the multidimensional scaling statistical goodness of fit, the outcomes suggest that the Colombian's preferences are mutating from fried snacks to baked snacks, thicker, crisper, and with more cortex on the edge in comparison with actual proposals in the market. The findings invite to Colombian industry to think in new productive strategies with potato farm overcoming traditional adoption barriers as the fat.

Comparison of subjective health between personality prototypes extracted from general population of Mexico / Comparação da saúde subjetiva entre protótipos de personalidade em população geral do México / Comparación de la salud subjetiva entre prototipos de personalidad recuperados en población general de México

Abstract The objective of this study was to extract personality prototypes from general population of Mexico and to compare subjective health indicators between these prototypes. Participants were 994 individuals (aged 14 to 63 years). Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were assessed with the NEO-FFI. Subjective indicators of health (self-rated health and psychological distress) were assessed with a question regarding health status and the GHQ-12. To verify the consistency of the prototypes, the sample was divided into two age groups, young (14 to 25 years) and mature (26 to 63 years.). Three stable prototypes were recovered from both groups. Resilient individuals (low neuroticism and high in other traits) had the best subjective health; the Non-Resilient individuals (high neuroticism and low in other traits) had the worst subjective health; and Self-Disciplined individuals (high conscientiousness and medium scores in other traits) were in the middle of these extremes in subjective health. Self-discipline and resilience were most discriminative in terms of subjective health. Findings are discussed in terms of the generalization of prototypes across cultures.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi obter protótipos da personalidade em população geral do México e comparar a saúde subjetiva entre eles. No total, participaram 994 indivíduos de 14 a 63 anos. Avaliaram-se cinco traços de personalidade (extroversão, neuroticismo, abertura à experiência, conscienciosidade e amabilidade) com o NEO-FFI, e a saúde subjetiva com o GHQ-12, e uma pergunta sobre o estado de saúde. Para corroborar a consistência dos protótipos, dividiu-se a amostra em dois grupos de idade: jovem (de 14 a 25 anos) e adulto (de 26 a 63 anos). Como resultado, obtiveram-se três protótipos em ambos os grupos: as pessoas resilientes -baixo neuroticismo e alto nos demais traços-, os que tiveram a melhor saúde subjetiva; as não resilientes -alto neuroticismo e baixo no restante dos traços-, que apresentaram a pior saúde subjetiva, e as pessoas disciplinadas -alto em conscienciosidade e média nos outros traços-, que apresentaram uma saúde subjetiva intermediária em comparação com os outros protótipos. Finalmente, a autodisciplina e a resiliência foram os traços que melhor discriminaram a boa saúde. Os achados são discutidos em termos da generalização de protótipos através de culturas.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener prototipos de personalidad en población general de México y comparar la salud subjetiva entre ellos. En total, participaron 994 individuos de 14 a 63 años de edad. Se evaluaron cinco rasgos de personalidad (Neuroticismo, Extraversión, Apertura, Responsabilidad y Amabilidad) con el NEO-FFI, y la salud subjetiva con el GHQ-12 y una pregunta sobre el estado de salud. Para corroborar la consistencia de los prototipos se dividió la muestra en dos grupos de edad: joven (de 14 a 25 años) y maduro (de 26 a 63 años). Y como resultado se recuperaron tres prototipos en ambos grupos: las personas Resilientes -bajo neuroticismo y alto en el resto de los rasgos-, quienes tuvieron la mejor salud subjetiva; las No-Resilientes -alto neuroticismo y bajo en el resto de los rasgos-, que presentaron la peor salud subjetiva; y las personas Disciplinadas -alto en responsabilidad y promedio en los otros rasgos-, que presentaron una salud subjetiva intermedia en comparación con los otros prototipos. Finalmente, la autodisciplina y la resiliencia fueron los rasgos que discriminaron mejor la buena salud. Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de la generalización de prototipos a través de culturas.

Identifying Food Consumption Patterns among Young Consumers by Unsupervised and Supervised Multivariate Data Analysis.

Although computational multivariate data analysis (MDA) already has been employed in the dietary survey area, the results reported are based mainly on classical exploratory (descriptive) techniques. Therefore, data of a Swedish and a Danish dietary survey on young consumers (4 to 5 years of age) were subjected not only to modern exploratory MDA, but also modern predictive MDA that via supervised learning yielded predictive classification models. The exploratory part, also encompassing Swedish 8 or 11-year old Swedish consumers, included new innovative forms of hierarchical clustering and biclustering. This resulted in several interesting multi-dimensional dietary patterns (dietary prototypes), including striking difference between those of the age-matched Danish and Swedish children. The predictive MDA disclosed additional multi-dimensional food consumption relationships. For instance, the consumption patterns associated with each of several key foods like bread, milk, potato and sweetened beverages, were found to differ markedly between the Danish and Swedish consumers. In conclusion, the joint application of modern descriptive and predictive MDA to dietary surveys may enable new levels of diet quality evaluation and perhaps also prototype-based toxicology risk assessment.

Prototypical dimensions of business opportunity in early stages of the entrepreneurial process / As dimensões do protótipo de oportunidade de negócio nas fases iniciais do processo empreendedor

The purpose of this paper is to describe how individuals with no entrepreneurial experience use prototypical dimensions of business opportunities at the first two stages of the entrepreneurial process: recognition and decision to launch a venture. Previous studies have described the business opportunity prototype (Baron & Ensley, 2006); however, they do not describe how it is used and rely on retrospective data and entrepreneurs' prior experience. We intend to overcome these gaps by using two hypothetical scenarios and three conditions, creating a first entrepreneurial experience for individuals, having thus a 2 (scenario A and B) X 3 (condition: "Problem solving", "Cash flow", "Manageable risk") design plan with a total of six groups. Our results allow us to describe how individuals use the prototype in the first two stages of the entrepreneurial process. Specifically, we have a better understanding of the importance of risk, customers, and profit in both stages. Both in the recognition and the decision stages, risk is the most important factor, but profit and customers are considered differently in the two stages. In recognition, profit is more important than customers; however, in the decision stage, customers are a major concern for the participants. These results provide relevant information on the first entrepreneurial experience of individuals, which is crucial given the recognized need to promote entrepreneurial initiatives and behavior.

O objectivo deste estudo é descrever a forma como indivíduos sem experiência empreendedora usam, pela primeira vez, o protótipo de oportunidade de negócio nas duas primeiras fases do processo empreendedor: reconhecimento e decisão para implementar a oportunidade de negócio. Estudos anteriores descrevem o protótipo de oportunidades de negócio; contudo, não descrevem a sua utilização e baseiam-se em dados retrospectivos e na experiência anterior de empreendedores. Neste estudo pretende-se cobrir estas falhas na literatura através de um plano experimental 2 (cenários A e B) ×3 (condições "resolve os problemas dos clientes", "gera lucro" e "risco gerível") com dois cenários hipotéticos e três condições, induzindo uma primeira experiência empreendedora aos participantes. Os resultados permitem descrever o uso do protótipo nas duas fases do processo empreendedor em análise. Especificamente, há um melhor entendimento de como o risco, clientes e lucro são importantes nas diferentes fases. Tanto na fase do reconhecimento como da decisão, o risco é o factor mais importante. Contudo, clientes e lucro são considerados de forma diferente nas duas fases: no reconhecimento o lucro é mais importante que os clientes, mas na fase de decisão os clientes são mais importantes. Estes resultados fornecem informação relevante sobre a primeira experiência empreendedora dos indivíduos, o que é crucial dada a importância reconhecida na literatura de se promoverem iniciativas e comportamentos empreendedores.

Teoria, avaliação e psicoterapia segundo a proposta de Theodore Millon / Theory, assessment and psychotherapy according to Theodore Millon’s proposal

Os transtornos da personalidade podem ser compreendidos como construtos teóricos empregados para representar diversos estilos ou padrões em que a personalidade funciona de maneira mal-adaptada em relação ao seu ambiente. A teoria dos estilos da personalidade de Theodore Millon é um dos modelos que se propõem a compreender esses transtornos. A partir de seu modelo teórico, são sugeridos distintos estilos da personalidade, bem como um instrumento para avaliação dos transtornos da personalidade, o Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), que é amplamente utilizado no contexto de pesquisa e clínica no âmbito internacional, e uma modalidade psicoterapêutica, chamada de psicoterapia sinergética.

The personality disorders can be understood as theoretical constructs employed to represent different styles or patterns in which personality works maladapted to its environment. The personality styles theory of Theodore Millon is one of the models that aims to understand these disorders. From this theoretical model, different personality styles are proposed, as well as a tool for assessment of personality disorders, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), which is widely used worldwide in the research and clinical context, and a psychotherapeutic proposal, called synergistic psychotherapy.

Uso da prototipagem biomédica em odontologia / The use of biomedic prototyping in dentistry

Os protótipos biomédicos são modelos anatômicos sólidos, que reproduzem, com discrepância desprezível, a anatomia de determinadas estruturas. A sua utilização em Teresina (PI) ainda é discreta, mas o número de solicitações vem aumentando de forma considerável. Neste trabalho, além de uma revisão de literatura sobre prototipagem biomédica, foram documentados os biomodelos solicitados em uma clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem da cidade, no período de setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2007 e registradas as percepções dos cirurgiões-dentistas solicitantes. Conclui-se que houve predilação pela solicitação de protótipos opacos (3D Printing) e que a maioria foi utilizada para planejamento em Implantodontia. Destaca-se o fato de a maioria dos profissionais considerar baixa a participação dos biomodelos no total dos custos.

The biomedical prototypes are solids anatomical models that reproduce with negligible discrepancy the anatomy of certain structures. It's use in Teresina (PI) is still discreet, but the number of requests has been increasing considerably. In this work, in addition to a review of literature on prototyping biomedical have been documented the biomodels requested in a clinic of Diagnostic for Imaging of the city, in the period september 2006 to september 2007, and recorded the perceptions of surgeons-dentists applicants. The conclusion was that there was a predilection for solicitation of prototypes opaque (3D Printing), and the most was used for planning in Implantodonty. There is the fact the majority of professionals consider like the low participation of biomodels in total costs.