Sistema de acciones educativas para desarrollar habilidades psicosociales en el Equipo Básico de Salud para la prevención del cáncer / System of educational actions to develop psychosocial skills in the Basic Health Team for cancer prevention

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo fundamentar, desde el punto de vista teórico, un sistema de acciones educativas para el desarrollo de habilidades psicosociales del Equipo Básico de Salud para la prevención del cáncer en el Consejo Popular San Juan de Dios. El estudio se llevó a cabo de febrero a julio del 2018 y extiende sus acciones hasta el 2022 pues forma parte de la carpeta de proyectos del Centro para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud. Se realizó un diagnóstico en el cual se utilizaron instrumentos como la entrevista y la encuesta, aplicados a miembros del equipo de salud, a los pacientes oncológicos, sus familiares y población en general, así como a profesionales de la salud de los 13 consultorios del Consejo Popular, aunque fue escogido el número 29 para el estudio piloto. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que existe un insuficiente abordaje psicosocial de la enfermedad por parte del Equipo Básico de Salud.

ABSTRACT The research aims at establishing, from the theoretical point of view, a system of educational actions for the development of psychosocial skills of the Basic Health Team for the prevention of cancer in the San Juan de Dios Popular Council. The study was carried out from February to July 2018 and extends its actions until 2022 as it is part of the project portfolio of the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health. A diagnosis was made in which instruments such as the interview and the survey were used, applied to members of the health team, cancer patients, their relatives and the general population, as well as health professionals from the 13 medical offices of the Popular Council. Number 29 was chosen for the pilot study. The results obtained showed that there is insufficient psychosocial approach to the disease bythe Basic Health Team.

Problemas de comportamiento y competencias psicosociales en niños y adolescentes institucionaliz / Behavior Problems and Psychosocial Skills in Institutionalized Children and Adolescents

El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar los problemas de comportamiento de una muestra de preadolescentes y adolescentes venezolanos institucionalizados (acogimiento residencial), de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 16 años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 111 participantes institucionalizados en asociaciones civiles y entidades de protección del Estado y 111 controles igualados, provenientes de colegios tanto públicos como privados o subsidiados. Se evaluaron las habilidades psicosociales y académicas y los problemas de comportamiento internalizados y externalizados reportados por los informes de los padres, los cuidadores y los autoinformes mediante el Youth Self-Report (YSR) y la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Los resultados del estudio muestran que los niños y adolescentes institucionalizados tienen menores competencias psicosociales y académicas, así como más problemas de comportamiento que los jóvenes que conviven con sus padres. Los padres y cuidadores apreciaron menores diferencias entre ambos grupos.

The main objective of this study is analyze behavior problems of a sample of institutionalized (residential care) Venezuelan tweens and teens, ages between 11 and 16. The sample consisted of 111 participants institutionalized in civil associations and institutions state protection, and 111 matched controls from schools public and private or subsidized. The psychosocial and academic was assessed skills and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems reported by the reports of parents, carers and self reports. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were completed. The results of the study show that children and adolescents are less institutionalized psychosocial and academic skills, as well as, more externalized behavior problems and internalized self-reported that young people living with their parents. Parents, teachers and caregivers appreciated minor differences between the two groups. Findings obtained support the influence of early deprivation on psychosocial skills, emotional issues and behavioral in children and adolescents. It is considered that institutionalization is a risk factor for the harmonious development of young people.

Modelo para la promoción de la salud en comunidades rurales, a través del desarrollo de agencia personal y empoderamiento intrínseco / A model for health promotion in rural communities through the development of personal agency and intrinsic empowerment

Con el propósito de modificar conductas alimentarias y sanitarias en los habitantes de comunidades marginadas, a través del desarrollo de conocimientos y habilidades psicosociales encaminadas a promover agencia personal y empoderamiento intrínseco, se desarrolló e instrumentó en México un modelo piloto basado en el programa "Yo quiero, yo puedo? mejorar mi salud y ejercer mis derechos". La evaluación de dicho programa mostró un efecto sobre conocimientos, comunicación asertiva, agencia personal y equidad de género en el personal de los almacenes que surte las tiendas rurales, así como en conocimientos, comunicación asertiva, toma de decisiones y agencia personal en la población meta. Las habilidades psicosociales, los conocimientos y la agencia personal ofrecen oportunidades para superar la pobreza...

Based on the program “Yo quiero, yo puedo… mejorar mi salud y ejercer mis derechos” [I want to, I can…improve my health and exercise my rights], a pilot model was designed and implemented in three States of Mexico. This model aims to change nutrition and hygiene behaviors in the inhabitants of marginalized communities, through knowledge and psychosocial skills development facilitating personal agency and intrinsic empowerment. Evaluation of the program showed an effect on knowledge, assertive communication, personal agency and gender equity among the personnel in charge of the warehouses that provide the rural stores, and on knowledge, assertive communication, decision making and personal agency in the target population. Life skills training, knowledge and personal agency promotion enhance opportunities for poverty reduction...

Study of Psychosocial Skills Training Module for Schizophrenic Outpatients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To develop psychosocial skills training module for schizophrenic outpatients.Methods Structured psychosocial skills training program, which were made according to community rehabilitation plan for schizophrenia, featured convenience and well operability. Subjects were 96 of 204 schizorenic outpatients in remission who were randomly assigned to receive psychosocial skills training combined medicine(observation group) or medicine only(control group) and followed up by 24 months. The changes during treatment were evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS), Social Disability Screening Schedule(SDSS) and patients' cognition function were also evaluated longitudinally. Results Relapse rate of control group (37%) is higer than observation group (17.7%, P＜0.01). After Last Observation Carried Forward(LOCF), control group showed higer scores than observation group on positive syndrome (8.34±2.04 vs 7.66±0.97), negative syndrome(9.15±1.97 vs 813±1.15), total score (37.64±5.58 vs 34.79±3.64) and Social disability (2.81±1.90 vs 2.07±1.47) (P＜0.01); observation group also showed a significant progress on cognition function(P＜0.05). Conclusion This trial demonstrated the efficacy of the easy-operating structured psychosocial skill training grogram in preventing relapse and improving social adoptive function for schizophrenia.