The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy.@*Methods@#Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI.@*Results@#Among the 139 cancer patients underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized as GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection and without fever and other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed as viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him.@*Conclusions@#The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applicated in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered.

Manifestaciones pulmonares en el lupus eritematoso sistémico / Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

RESUMEN Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune, caracterizada por inflamación y daño de tejidos mediado por el sistema inmunitario.En el LES las alteraciones respiratorias son comunes y pueden ser primarias, las cuales están relacionadas con los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos del LES, o aparecer como consecuencias de las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de afectación pulmonar en pacientes con LES. Identificar las afecciones pulmonares en pacientes con LES y sus hallazgos radiológicos. Materiales Y Métodos: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, de corte transverso, retrospectivo realizado en pacientes con LES internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica del Hospital Nacional, durante el periodo de Enero-2005 y Diciembre-2010. Resultados: Se revisaron 201 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de LES, de los cuales 35 (17%) pacientes tuvieron compromiso pulmonar. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron: disnea 28 pacientes (80%), fiebre 24 (68%), dolor pleurítico 13 (37%). En las imágenes radiológicas se observaron consolidación pulmonar en 14 casos (40%), infiltrado intersticial en 8 (22%), derrame pleural en 5 (14%) y elevación del diafragma 1 (3%). Las causas de afectación pulmonar secundaria fueron: 24 (68%) casos de infección pulmonar, 2 (5%) con tuberculosis pulmonar. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de afectación pulmonar fue 17% en los pacientes con LES. La afectación renal y cardiaca predominaron sobre las manifestaciones pulmonares. Las formas de presentación clínica más frecuentes fueron la disnea y fiebre, seguidas por el dolor pleurítico y el derrame pleural. Las manifestaciones pulmonares primarias encontradas fueron la pleuritis, el derrame pleural, la hemorragia pulmonar, el tromboembolismo pulmonar, el pulmón encogido y la hipertensión pulmonar. Las manifestaciones pulmonares secundarias encontradas fueron la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y la tuberculosis pulmonar. Los patrones radiológicos más observados fueron la consolidación pulmonar, seguido por infiltrado intersticial y derrame pleural.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and tissue damage mediated by the immune system. In SLE respiratory disturbances are common and can be primary, which are related to the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SLE, or appear as consequences of the complications of the disease. Objetives: To describe the prevalence of lung involvement in patients with SLE. Identify lung diseases in patients with SLE and radiological findings. Material and Methods: We performed an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study in 33 patients hospitalized in the Department of Clinical Medicine of the National Hospital during the period January-2005 and December-2010. Results: We reviewed 201 cases of patients with SLE, of whom 33 (16%) patients had clinical manifestations of pulmonary commitment. The clinical manifestations found were dyspnea in 26 (78%) patients and fever in 24 (72%), followed by pleuritic pain in 13 (39%). In the radiographic images, pulmonary consolidation were observed in 14 cases (42%), interstitial infiltrate in 7 (21%), and pleural effusion in 5 (15%). It had been found in 24 (72%) patients pulmonary infection, 6 (18 %) reported pulmonary hemorrhage, 2 (6%) patients pulmonary tuberculosis and 1 (3%) patient pulmonary embolism. Conclusions: The frequency of lung involvement was 17% in patients with SLE. Renal and cardiac involvement predominated over pulmonary manifestations. The forms of clinical presentation were dyspnea and fever, followed by pleuritic pain and pleural effusion. Primary pulmonary manifestations were found pleuritis, pleural effusion, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism, lung and pulmonary hypertension. The secondary pulmonary manifestations found were community-acquired pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis. The radiographic patterns observed were pulmonary consolidation, followed by interstitial infiltrate and pleural effusion.

Pronóstico de pacientes ingresados a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por falla respiratoria asociada a presencia de infiltrados pulmonares / Prognosis of patients with acute respiratory failure and pulmonary infiltrates admitted to intensive care unit

En la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) asociada a infiltrados pulmonares de causa desconocida se relaciona con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue conocer el pronóstico de pacientes con IRA, infiltrados pulmonares y necesidad de ventilación mecánica (VM) ingresados a UCI. Como objetivo secundario se planteó evaluar la utilidad de medios diagnósticos de uso habitual en este grupo de pacientes en relación al pronóstico y la conducta terapéutica. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó todos los pacientes ingresados a la UCI del Hospital Naval Almirante Nef por IRA de causa desconocida asociada a infiltrados pulmonares en radiografía de tórax y que tengan necesidad de VM entre los años 2006 y 2010. Se incluyeron 90 pacientes de los cuales 45,6 por ciento fueron de sexo masculino. La edad promedio fue 66 años (DS 17,1). El puntaje promedio de score APACHE II fue 20,6 (DS 7,7). La mortalidad fue 52,2 por ciento y el tiempo promedio de estadía en UCI fueron 14 días (DS 14,4). La principal causa de IRA fue síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo (32 por ciento).Otras causas fueron neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (28,2 por ciento), neumonía aspirativa (12,2 por ciento), neumonía nosocomial (7,8 por ciento) y neumonía criptogénica organizada (6,7 por ciento). La realización de tomografía computarizada de tórax, lavado broncoalveolar y biopsia pulmonar determinó cambio de conducta terapéutica en 31 por ciento, 58 por ciento y 88 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. En conclusión, los pacientes con IRA tienen alta mortalidad. La causa más frecuente fue el síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo. El uso de procedimientos diagnósticos pueden cambiar las medidas terapéuticas empleadas, en especial la biopsia pulmonar.

In the intensive care unit (ICU), acute respiratory failure (ARF) associated with unexplained pulmonary infiltrates is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study was to determine the prognosis of patients with ARF and pulmonary infiltrates admitted to ICU. The secondary objective was proposed to evaluate the usefulness of diagnostic methods frequently used in this patient group and correlated them with prognosis and therapeutic management. We performed a retrospective observational study that included all patients admitted to ICU of Almirante Nef Naval Hospital with ARF of unknown cause associated with pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography during the years 2006-2010. We included 90 patients of which 45 percent were male. The average age was 66 years. The average APACHE II score was 20.6. Mortality was 52.2 percent and the average length of stay in the ICU was 14 days (SD 14.4). The main cause of ARF was acute respiratory distress syndrome (32 percent). Other causes were community-acquired pneumonia (28.2 percent), aspiration pneumonia (12.2 percent), nosocomial pneumonia (7.8 percent) and cryptogenic organized pneumonia (6.7 percent. The performance of chest computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy determined therapeutic behavior change in 31 percent 58 percent and 88 percent of cases, respectively. In conclusion, patients with ARF have high mortality. The most common cause was acute respiratory distress syndrome. The use of diagnostic procedures may change the therapeutic measures used, particularly lung biopsy.

A Case of Drug Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis by Gemcitabine / 결핵

Gemcitabine is an effective newly developed chemotherapeutic agent, which is increasingly being used to treat non-small cell lung, ovarian and breast cancers. Pulmonary toxicity is usually self-limiting mild dyspnea, bronchospasm, but severe pulmonary toxicity is rarely reported. Herein, we report drug induced interstitial lung disease associated with gemcitabine treatment. High resolution computerized tomogram (HRCT) showed an increased ground glass opacity and thickened septal lines. The patient showed a rapid good response with prednisolone treatment.