Study of effect of malaria parasitemia on serum electrolytes in south-east Rajasthan

Background: Malaria is a life threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Aim: To study of effect of malaria parasitemia on serum electrolytes in south east Rajasthan. Materials and methods: It was a hospital based study done on malaria indoor patients from June 2017 to March 2018 in Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar in South East Rajasthan. The relevant history, systemic examinations and thick and thin peripheral blood smear, malaria antigen detection rapid card test was performed and serum electrolytes like sodium, potassium and calcium level were done for all patients. All patients were categorized into three groups like P.falciparum, P.vivax and mixed infection (both P.falciparum, P.vivax). Results: We observed that female was out numbered than male. Most common affected age group was 35-45 years and most of the patients came from the rural region. Severe dyselectrolytemia was noted in mixed infection (both P.falciparum and P.vivax) and P.falciparum cases. Conclusion: Serum electrolytes level are influenced by the presence of all types of malaria severely with mixed infection and P.falciparum positive cases so severe dyselectolytemia in malaria infections should be treated timely to prevent grave complications

Vigilancia antipalúdica en Camagüey, Cuba. 1986-2011 / Antipaludic surveillance in Camagüey, Cuba. 1986-2011

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo mediante revisión documental del libro de registro de muestras, del Laboratorio Provincial de Parasitología del Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Camagüey (Cuba) para mostrar los resultados de 25 años de vigilancia antipalúdica, relacionados con algunas variables de importancia epidemiológica durante el período 1986-2011. Se consideró el mes de arribo, país de procedencia, sexo, especie de Plasmodium diagnosticada, grado de parasitemia, municipio de residencia en Cuba, lugar de ejecución y verificación del diagnóstico, así como el nivel de concordancia con los laboratorios de referencia provincial y nacional. Se confeccionó una base de datos con el total de casos diagnosticados, para determinar la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de casos. Se utilizó el software estadístico profesional SPSS. Un total de 253 viajeros resultaron positivos siendo el 94.5% hombres provenientes de Angola (88.88%) con predominio de P. falciparum (62.0%). Se diagnosticaron además recaídas y recrudescencias

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was make in Camaguey with patients to come from endemic areas of Malaria, during 1986 to 2011. Some of them, illness with malaria in Camaguey after to arrive. The results’s presentation was an important topic for the authors because that a background of 25 years of surveillance in our province and also to establish relation between some epidemiological variable. 253 traveller were diagnostic with Malaria, 94.5% were male, 88.8% come from Angola and Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant specie with 61.30%. The parasitemie grade more frequent were two and tree plus but (trophozoites) rings, schizonts and gametocytes form of P.vivax and gametocytes of P. falciparum were detected too. An important number of recurrent malaria was diagnostic during the surveillance period. The majority of the laboratory in the province did malaria diagnosis; the slides were verificate in the Provincial Microbiology Reference Laboratory

P.vivax infection in a known case of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) – changing trends.

We report a case of P.vivax infection in a case of sickle cell anaemia. The patient was a known case of sickle cell anaemia and was admitted with chief complaints of Fever with chills and rigors since 4 to 5 days and investigations were sent in microbiology laboratory for detection of malarial antigen and he was found to be positive for P.vivax by both rapid test and Giemsa staining. It is thought that malaria is rare in patients of sickle cell anaemia as infected RBCs sickle and malarial parasites cannot survive in those RBCs.

Efficacy of chloroquine, chloroquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, and amodiaquine for treatment of vivax malaria in Bangka island, Indonesia: a randomized trial.

Plasmodium vivax malaria resistant to chloroquine is alarming in Indonesia and has been also reported in other countries. An alternative drug is needed. The study was a prospective evaluation and a comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine 25 mg base/kg bw for 3 days (CQ3, n=75), CQ3 plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine based on pyrimethamine dosage of 1.25 mg/kg bw single dose (SP1) [CQ3+SP1, n=84] and amodiaquine 25 mg base/kg bw for 3 days (AQ3, n=83) in symptomatic vivax malaria patients in children and adults. The new version of 2001 WHO test system was used in this study. PCR for genotyping was also done to validate and confirm the treatment outcomes. The therapeutic efficacy of CQ3, CQ3+SP1 and AQ3 on day 14 were very high (94.4%, 97.4% and 98.8%), and dropped on day 28 (81.7%, 87.2% and 96.2% by evaluable analysis; 78.9%. 82.0% and 92.5% after confirmation with PCR; and 74.7%, 78.0% and 90.2% by intention to treat analysis). Most of the ACPR cases (>96%) showed hematological recovery. Gametocyte carriages were documented on day 7 (2.9%, 1.3% and 1.2%), day 14 (4.3%, 1.3% and 1.2%) and day 28 (6.6%, 4.2% and none) in CQ3, CQ3+SP1 and AQ3 groups. Of these 3 regimens, AQ3 showed a better therapeutic efficacy than CQ3 and combined CQ3+SP1 by day 28. Introducing primaquine at the beginning of treatment day or giving a radical treatment in vivax malaria may improve the cure rate.

Epidemiology of Malaria in Korea, 2000 / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: In Korea, vivax malaria re-emerged in 1993 and the outbreak continued in several areas near the DMZ until now. This study was conducted to define the epidemiologic pattern of malaria in Korea and to examine the changes comparing to the one in 1999. METHODS: We collected information about civilian, veteran patients through the National malaria surveillance system and soldier from the Ministry of National Defense. We analyze epidemiological characteristics of malaria by groups (civilian, veteran, soldier). RESULTS: The reported cases of malaria in 2000 were 4,142 that number is an increase of 14% in numbers compared with those of 1999's. Most of cases occured in 17 counties nearby DMZ and from May to October(98.7%) seasonally. The incidence rates (per 100,000) in 2000 by residence were 17.0 in Gangwon-Do, 15.5 in Incheon Metropolitan city, 10.3 in Gyeonggi-Do was dereased. The risk area in 2000 were 17 counties located nearly DMZ and the high risk area were 5 counties where the incidence rate greater than 100. In case of civilian and veteran, the time required to diagnosis from onset of symptom was 8.1 days on the average. CONCLUSION: Epidemiologic pattern of malaria in 2000 did not differ from the one in 1999. Et showed regional spread (increasing risk area) but incidence rate was lowered in the high risk area of 1999. And it is necessary that we pay more attention to Gangwon-Do and Incheon metrocity to reduce the incidence rate in 2001.

Human Natural Infection of Plasmodium knowlesi / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

A blood film slide taken from a patient previously diagnosed as vivax malaria in Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, showing atypical forms. The ring forms had multinuclei, and the late trophozoites trended to form band. The schizonts and gametocytes were somewhat alike to Plasmodium vivax. PCR amplification confirmed that the patient was infected by P.knowlesi.