"É tudo uma máfia": trânsitos e tensões na busca de um lugar no palco / "Todo es una mafia": tránsitos y tensiones en la búsqueda de un lugar en el escenario / "It's all a mafia": transits and tensions in the search for a place on the stage

Resumo Este artigo explora relações e constrangimentos envolvendo as oportunidades de shows e de progressão na carreira de drag queens iniciantes. Através da análise de material etnográfico, persigo a categoria máfia que, quando empregada, lança suspeita sobre resultados de concursos e a oferta de oportunidades. Seu uso sugere a elevada competitividade no meio artístico drag. Analiso ainda um momento específico durante a pesquisa de campo no qual fui convidado a julgar um concurso. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa etnográfica, observação participante e conversas informais. A pesquisa foi realizada entre 2015 e 2017, tendo como foco o processo de constituição das carreiras artísticas de um grupo de jovens drag queens que, desde Campinas, buscam viabilizar sua participação em concursos e shows para além da cidade.

Resumen Este artículo explora relaciones y limitaciones que rodean el espectáculo y las oportunidades profesionales de drag queens principiantes. A través del análisis de material etnográfico, persigo la categoría mafia que, cuando utilizada, arroja sospechas sobre los resultados de los concursos y la oferta de oportunidades. Su uso sugiere la gran competitividad en la escena artística drag. También analizo un momento específico durante la investigación de campo en el que me invitaron a juzgar un concurso. La metodología consiste en investigación etnográfica, observación participante y conversaciones informales. La investigación se llevó a cabo entre 2015 y 2017, centrándose en el proceso de constitución de las carreras artísticas de un grupo de drag queens jóvenes que, de Campinas, tratar de hacer posible su participación en concursos y espectáculos más allá de la ciudad.

Abstract This article explores relations and constraints involving opportunities for performing and career-building of newcomer drag queens. Through the analysis of ethnographic material, I follow the category mafia that, when employed, aims to raise suspicion over drag contests' results and the availability of opportunities to perform. Its usage suggests the high competitivity in the drag artistic scene. I also analyse a specific moment during research where I judged in a drag contest. The methodology consisted of ethnographic research, participant observation and informal conversations. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2017, focusing on the career-building process of a group of young drag queen artists from Campinas seeking to participate in contests and drag performances beyond the city.

A Experiência Drag Queen como Transição na Vida Adulta / The Drag Queen Experience as a Transition in Adult Life / La Experiencia Drag Queen como Transición en la Vida Adulta

A partir de reflexões teóricas impulsionadas pela Rede de Significações (RedSig) e Teorias de Gênero, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar sentidos e significados tecidos sobre a experiência como drag queen na vida adulta. A metodologia utilizada teve base em entrevistas biográficas, realizadas com cinco participantes, entre 20 e 39 anos, que têm ou já tiveram experiência como drag queens. Para a análise, foi realizada uma abordagem microgenética, correlacionando elementos da RedSig com as narrativas. Os resultados indicaram que a vida adulta não aparece como percurso linear, sendo permeada por rupturas, conflitos e negociações de sentidos e posições. A vida adulta se torna o palco no qual é possível ocupar determinados espaços de poder para colocar em prática desejos e curiosidades que, por vezes, remontam à infância. A drag queen emerge como um elemento relacionado a esse processo, atrelada a diversos sentidos e significados positivos (arte, realização, liberdade) e negativos (vergonha, preconceito, degradante). (AU)

From theoretical reflections driven by the Network of Meanings and Gender Theories, this work aims to investigate senses and meanings constructed on experience as a drag queen in adult life. The methodology used was based in biographical interviews, carried out with five participants, between 20 and 39 years of age, who have or already had experience as drag queens. For the analysis, a microgenetic approach was performed, correlating elements of the Net of Meanings with the narratives. Adulthood does not appear as a linear course, being permeated by ruptures, conflicts and negotiations of meanings and positions. Adulthood becomes the stage on which it is possible to occupy certain spaces of power to put into practice desires and curiosities that sometimes go back to childhood. The drag queen emerges as an element related to this process, tied to several positive (art, accomplishment, freedom) and negative (shame, prejudice, degrading) senses and meanings. (AU)

A partir de reflexiones teóricas estimuladas por la Red de Significaciones (RedSig) y Teorías de Género, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar sentidos y significados construidos sobre la experiencia como drag queen en la vida adulta. La metodología utilizada tuvo como base entrevistas biográficas, realizadas con cinco personas, entre 20 y 39 años, que tienen o ya han tenido experiencia como drag queens. Para el análisis, se realizó un enfoque microgenético, correlacionando elementos de la RedSig con las narrativas. La vida adulta se convierte en el escenario en el que es posible ocupar ciertos espacios de poder para poner en práctica los deseos y curiosidades que a veces se remontan a la infancia. La drag queen surge como un elemento relacionado con este proceso, vinculado a varios sentidos y significados, positivos (arte, logro, libertad) y negativos (vergüenza, prejuicio, degradante). (AU)

Black queen cell virus and Nosema ceranae coinfection in Africanized honey bees from southern Brazil / Coinfecção por vírus da realeira negra (BQCV) e Nosema ceranae em abelhas africanizadas no sul do Brasil

Bees are fundamental in several aspects, especially in relation to plant biodiversity and pollination. Recently, immense losses are being faced in the number of Brazilian colonies, mainly in southern states of the country, which has a strong beekeeping activity. There are indications that, among the reasons for the losses, pathogens that affect the health of bees may be involved. Among them, the microsporidium Nosema and the black queen cell virus (BQCV) stand out for their prevalence. In this study, 92 colonies of 17 apiaries from southern Brazil were evaluated for infection by Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis and BQCV. Nucleic acid extractions and cDNA synthesis were performed from adult bee samples, followed by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and multiplex PCR. Eight BQCV positive samples were subjected to sequencing. The results showed that N. ceranae and BQCV are circulating in the Southern region of the country, which may be the reason for the loss of colonies. N. apis was not found. N. ceranae was found in 57.6% (53/92) of the colonies and BQCV in 32.6% (30/92). Co-infection was found in 25% (23/92) of the colonies studied, a factor that is suggested to be reducing the hosts' longevity due to the synergistic action of the pathogens. The samples submitted to sequencing indicated similarity of 96.8 to 100% between them, in addition to strong similarity with sequences from Asia, United States, Germany and Peru. This study reports the circulation of N. ceranae and BQCV in apiaries in southern Brazil, in addition to being the first phylogenetic analysis of the Brazilian BQCV sequence.(AU)

As abelhas mostram-se fundamentais em diversos aspectos, especialmente com relação à biodiversidade de plantas e polinização. Recentemente, estão sendo enfrentadas imensas perdas no número de colônias brasileiras, principalmente nos estados do sul do país, com forte atividade apícola. Há indicativos de que, dentre as razões para as perdas, possam estar envolvidos patógenos que afetam a saúde das abelhas. Dentre eles, o microsporídio Nosema e o vírus da realeira negra (BQCV) destacam-se pela prevalência. Neste estudo, foram avaliadas 92 colônias, de 17 apiários do sul do Brasil, a respeito da infecção por Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis e BQCV. Foram realizadas extrações de ácidos nucleicos e síntese de cDNA a partir de amostras de abelhas adultas, seguidos de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase-Transcriptase Reversa (RT-PCR). Oito amostras positivas para BQCV foram submetidas a sequenciamento. Os resultados mostraram que N. ceranae e BQCV estão circulando na região sul do país, podendo ser a razão para as perdas de colônias. N. apis não foi encontrado. N. ceranae foi encontrado em 57.6% (53/92) das colônias e BQCV em 32.6% (30/92). Foi encontrada coinfecção por ambos em 25% (23/92) das colônias estudadas, fator que sugere a diminuição da longevidade do hospedeiro por ação sinérgica dos patógenos. As amostras submetidas ao sequenciamento indicaram similaridade de 96.8 a 100% entre elas, além de forte similaridade com sequências da Ásia, Estados Unidos, Alemanha e Peru. Este estudo relata a circulação de N. ceranae e BQCV nos apiários do sul do Brasil, além de ser a primeira análise filogenética da sequência do BQCV brasileiro.(AU)

Origens do(s) sexo(s) e a rainha dos problemas da biologia evolutiva / Origins of sex(es) and the queen of problems of evolutionary biology

A reprodução sexuada já foi considerada universal, e posteriormente, a forma mais perfeita de reprodução. Todavia, a partir de meados do século XIX, pesquisas no nível celular colocaram em xeque a ideia de que tipos de reprodução assexuadas fossem primitivos ou inferiores. Ao longo do século XX, e adentrando no XXI, hipóteses foram levantadas para explicar as vantagens da reprodução sexuada sobre a assexuada assim como o que permitiria a reprodução sexuada se manter quando seria mais vantajoso se reproduzir de forma assexuada. A mais importante e conhecida é a hipótese da Rainha Vermelha. Paralelamente, vários trabalhos procuraram entrever as pressões ecológicas que permitiram e favoreceram o aparecimento da reprodução sexuada em um cenário situado há cerca de dois bilhões de anos. O objetivo desse trabalho é revisar respostas históricas que marcaram o estudo da origem, da evolução e da manutenção da reprodução sexuada, identificando algumas das principais questões que a comunidade científica elaborou nos últimos duzentos anos.

Sexual reproduction has already been considered universal, and subsequently, the most perfect form of reproduction. However, since the mid-nineteenth century, research at the cellular level has questioned the idea that asexual reproduction types are primitive or inferior. During the twentieth century, and entering the XXI, hypotheses were raised to explain the advantages of sexual reproduction over the asexual as well as what would allow sexual reproduction to be maintained when it would be more advantageous to reproduce asexually. The most important and known is the Red Queen hypothesis. At the same time, several studies have sought to understand the ecological pressures that allowed and favored the appearance of sexual reproduction in a scenario that was around two billion years ago. The aim of this work is to review historical responses that marked the study of the origin, evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction, identifying some of the main questions that the scientific community has elaborated over the last two hundred years.

Prevalence of honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses in temperate and subtropical regions from Argentina / Prevalencia de virus en abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) en ambientes templados y subtropicales de Argentina

In Argentina, bee virus studies are still incipient, and there are no studies regarding the climatic effect. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the presence of honeybee viruses in different climatic regions from Argentina. A total of 385 colonies distributed in five Argentinean eco-regions were examined to evaluate the percentage of infestation with Varroa destructor and the presence of seven virus species (Deformed wing virus, DWV; Acute bee paralysis virus, ABPV; Chronic bee paralysis virus, CBPV; Black queen cell virus, BQCV; Kashmer bee virus, KBV; Israeli acute bee paralysis virus, IAPV; and Sacbrood bee virus, SBV) after honey yield. Two viruses, KBV and IAPV, were not detected. The other five viruses were found in different prevalences: DWV (35%), ABPV (21.5%), BQCV (8.0%), CBPV (2.2%), and SBV (1.1%). We found double and triple viral associations in approximately 25% of the sampled colonies. The mean V. destructor infestation in the colonies prior to the acaricide treatment was 7.12% ± 8.7%. The knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses in the region and their relation with the mite and other possible influencing factors is important for preventing colony losses. Further studies are necessary to identify the risk factors associated with virus presence and its relationship with other pathogens such as V. destructor.

En Argentina, los estudios sobre prevalencia de virus en abejas continúan siendo incipientes y no existen reportes acerca de cómo inciden sobre dicha prevalencia las variables climáticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar la presencia de virus en abejas melíferas en diferentes regiones agroecológicas de Argentina. A tal fin se evaluaron 385 colmenas distribuidas en 5 regiones agroecológicas de las provincias de Chaco y Santa Fe; en ellas se analizó el porcentaje de infestación con Varroa destructor (ácaro patógeno de abejas) y la presencia de 7 especies de virus (DWV, virus de las alas deformadas; ABPV, virus de la parálisis aguda de la abeja; CBPV, virus de la parálisis crónica de la abeja; BQCV, virus de celda negra de la reina; KBV, virus de la abeja de Cachemira; IAPV, virus israelí de la parálisis aguda y SBV, virus de la cría ensacada). luego de la cosecha de miel. Dos virus (KBV y IAPV) no fueron detectados. Las otras 5 especies de virus se encontraron con prevalencias variables: DWV (35%), ABPV (21,5%), BQCV (8%), CBPV (2,2%) y SBV (1,1%). Fue posible identificar la presencia de 3 y hasta 3 virus simultáneamente en el 25% de las colmenas evaluadas. El promedio de infestación por V. destructor en las colmenas luego de la cosecha de miel y antes del tratamiento con acaricidas fue de 7,12% (±8,7). Conocer la prevalencia de virus en las diferentes regiones agroecológicas y su relación con la presencia del ácaro V. destructor e identificar otros posibles factores que podrían influir en su presencia es relevante para definir estrategias que reduzcan la mortandad de colmenas. Es necesario realizar estudios adicionales para identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de virus en las colmenas y su relación con otros patógenos, como V. destructor.

Calidad científica de las pruebas de campo para el cálculo del VO2max. Revisión sistemática / Scientific Quality of Field Tests to Calculate VO2max: Systematic Review / Qualidade científica das provas de campo para o cálculo do VO2max. revisão sistemática

Objetivo: establecer la calidad científica de las pruebas de campo utilizadas para calcular el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) en adultos sanos no entrenados. Materiales y métodos: se hizo una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en español, inglés y portugués, entre 1943 y 2013, sobre pruebas diagnósticas para calcular el VO2max por medio de pruebas de campo, con el propósito de sintetizar los resultados y establecer cuáles son las que mejor se correlacionan con la medición directa (ergoespirometría). Fueron consultadas las bases de datos MedLine, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Hinari, Ebsco y BVS. Se siguieron las recomendaciones del Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 2006. Resultados: inicialmente, 952 artículos, de los cuales después del proceso de descarte, se encontraron diez que cumplían con todos los requisitos. Las pruebas de campo analizadas que se correlacionan bien con el protocolo de laboratorio son el UMTT (1984) con r = 0,99, QCST y 1000m para hombres r = 0,95; el RWFT para hombres r = 0,93; 1,000m para mujeres y 1,5M r = 0,86; QCST para mujeres r = 0,83 y RWFT para mujeres r = 0,74; para adultos el UMTT r = 0,96 y 20m-SRT r=0,9. Conclusiones: dado el coeficiente de validez y el SEE, es posible utilizar pruebas de campo para calcular rápida y económicamente el VO2max en adultos sanos no entrenados. Según edad, sexo, condición física y patologías se recomiendan diferentes pruebas de campo.

Objective: To establish the scientific quality of the field tests used to calculate the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in untrained healthy adults. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature on diagnostic tests for calculating VO2max through field tests published between 1943 and 2013 in Spanish, English and Portuguese, , in order to synthesize the results and establish which are the best to correlate with direct measurement (ergospirometry). MedLine, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Hinari, Ebsco and BVS databases were consulted. The recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 2006 were followed. Results: Initially, 952 articles were found, after the elimination process was reached, ten of these met all requirements. Field tests analyzed to correlate well with the laboratory protocol are: UMTT (1984) r = 0.99, QCST and 1000m. men r = 0.95; RWFT men's r = 0.93; 1,000m. Women and 1.5M r = 0.86; QCST women r = 0.83 and RWFT for women r = 0.74, for adults UMTT r = 0.96 and 20m-SRT r = 0.9. Conclusions: Given the validity coefficient and the SEE, it is possible to use field tests to swiftly and economically calculate VO2max in untrained healthy adults. Different field tests are recommended according to age, gender, physical condition and pathologies.

Objetivo: Estabelecer a qualidade científica das provas de campo utilizadas para calcular o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) em adultos sãos não treinados. Materiais e métodos: se revisou sistematicamente a literatura científica publicada em espanhol, inglês e português, entre 1943 e 2013, sobre provas diagnósticas para calcular o VO2max através de provas de campo, com o propósito de sintetizar os resultados e estabelecer quais são as que melhor se correlacionam com a medição direta (ergoespirometria). Foram consultadas as bases de dados MedLine, PubMed, ProQuest, Ovid, Hinari, Ebsco e BVS. Seguiram-se as recomendações do Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 2006. Resultados: Inicialmente 952 artigos, dos quais depois do processo de descarte encontramos dez que cumpriam com todos os requisitos. As provas de campo analisadas que se correlacionam bem com o protocolo de laboratório são: o UMTT (1984) com r = 0,99, QCST e 1000m para homens r = 0,95; o RWFT para homens r = 0,93; 1,000m para mulheres e 1,5M r = 0,86; QCST para mulheres r=0,83 e RWFT para mulheres r = 0,74; para adultos o UMTT r = 0,96 e 20m-SRT r = 0,9. Conclusões: Dado o coeficiente de validez e o SEE, é possível utilizar provas de campo para calcular rápida e economicamente o VO2max em adultos sãos não treinados. Segundo idade, sexo, condição física e patologias se recomendam diferentes provas de campo.

Longevity and germination of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) seeds and its ecological implications / Longevidad y germinación de semillas de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) y sus implicaciones ecológicas

Syagrus romanzoffiana is a palm tree native and widely distributed of South America. The present study investigated the longevity and germination of the buried seeds of this species in an experimental seed bank. Laboratory germination and viability tests were performed for comparison with field results. Pyrenes (seeds enclosed by the endocarp) were buried in a forest fragment edge in July 2012 (dry season) and exhumed monthly during one year, for the assessment of water content and percentage of germinated and viable seeds. Germination tests were conducted in a Mangelsdorf-type germinator at 30°C under constant light and the viability was assessed by the tetrazolium test. An additional sample of pyrenes was buried to evaluate the percentage of seedling emergence and survival. Climatic and soil moisture data were recorded. In the laboratory, the pyrenes were stored for one year in a temperature-controlled room at 20ºC and 75% (±10%) relative air humidity to assess changes in the percentage of germination and viability over time. In the field, a reduction in seed viability was observed over the study period, with a total loss of viability of non-germinated seeds at seven months after burial. The maximum germination (close to 26%) was observed in the samples that were exhumed between five and seven months after burial. In the field, seedling emergence did not exceed 10% and seedling mortality was not observed. The percentages of germination and of viable seeds decreased both in burial and stored seeds. The stored seeds maintained viability at up to six months, with marked reduction thereafter. After the germination tests (four months) in the laboratory, all of the remaining seeds were nonviable. The ecological, physiological and reproductive characteristics of the species are discussed, and we concluded that S. romanzoffiana seeds have short longevity after imbibition, and low potential for soil seed bank formation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (2): 333-340. Epub 2015 June 01.

Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) es una palma nativa y ampliamente distribuida de América del Sur. El presente estudio investigó la longevidad y la germinación de las semillas enterradas de esta especie en un banco experimental. Se realizaron pruebas de germinación y viabilidad de laboratorio para hacer una comparación con los resultados de campo. Pirenos (semillas encerradas por el endocarpio) fueron enterrados en el borde de un fragmento de bosque en julio (época seca) y exhumados mensualmente por un año, para la evaluación del contenido de agua y del porcentaje de semillas germinadas y viables. Las pruebas de germinación se realizaron en un germinador tipo Mangelsdorf a 30°C bajo luz constante y la evaluación de la viabilidad se realizó con la prueba de tetrazólio. Una muestra adicional de pirenos fue enterrada para evaluar el porcentaje de emergencia de las plántulas. Se tomaron los datos climáticos y se determinó la humedad del suelo. En el laboratorio, los pirenos se almacenaron durante un año en una sala de temperatura controlada a 20°C y 75% (±10%) de humedad relativa del aire, para evaluar los cambios en el porcentaje de germinación y la viabilidad en el tiempo. En el campo, se observó una reducción de la viabilidad de las semillas durante el período de estudio, con una pérdida total de la viabilidad de las semillas no germinadas a los siete meses después del entierro. La germinación máxima (cerca de 26%) se observó en las muestras que fueron exhumadas entre cinco y siete meses después del entierro. En el campo, la emergencia de las plántulas no superó el 10% y no se observó mortalidad de plántulas. Los porcentajes de germinación y de semillas viables disminuyeron tanto en el suelo como en el laboratorio. Las semillas almacenadas mantuvieron la viabilidad hasta por seis meses de almacenamiento, con una reducción marcada a partir de entonces. Después de las pruebas de germinación (cuatro meses) en el laboratorio, todas las semillas restantes eran inviables. Discutimos las características ecológicas, fisiológicas y reproductivas de la especie, y llegamos a la conclusión de que las semillas de S. romanzoffiana tienen corta duración después de la imbibición y bajo potencial de formación del banco de semillas en el suelo.

O imperativo do corpo belo: consequências de sua (in) sustentabilidade e incidências no imaginário social / The beautiful body imperative: the consequences of its (in) sustainability and its implications in social imagination / L’impératif du beau corps: les consequences de son aspect (in) soutenable et ses implications dans l’imaginaire social

O artigo propõe uma análise crítica de como a exigência de manutenção de um corpo belo permeia o imaginário social e interfere no modo de o sujeito posicionar-se na relação com a alteridade. Discorremos a propósito da função que cumpre o narcisismo na conformação da imagem do corpo próprio. Retomamos a proposição de Miller (1997) que atribui ao corpo o estatuto de Imagem Rainha. Analisamos como a montagem do fantasma interfere na sustentação da imagem do corpo, a fim de interrogar os momentos em que essa imagem vacila, claudica e tem sua integridade ameaçada. Nesse ponto, vemos como o olhar do outro é determinante na conformação da imagem do corpo e na valoração desta pelo sujeito. Por fim, lançamos luz sobre o que pode ser subversivo na experiência psicanalítica e que aponta no sentido de uma destruição de imagens coaguladas em detrimento de um insuflar de imagens que projetem novos ideais...

The article proposes a critical analysis of how the requirement to maintain a beautiful body permeates society’s imagination and interferes with the way the subject positions itself in regard to the alterity. We analyze the function that narcissism executes in shaping the image of the subject’s own body. Miller's proposition of 1997, which gives the body the statute of Queen image is resumed in this article. This work also examines how the assembling of the fantasme will interfere with the support of the body’s image in order to question the moments when this image falters, and has its integrity threatened. At this point, we see how the other's gaze is crucial in body image conformation and its assessment by the subject. Finally, we shed light on what can be subversive in the psychoanalytic experience and points towards a destruction of coagulated images for the uprise of representations that design new ideals...

Cet article propose une analyse critique sur la façon don’t l’exigeance de maintenir un corps perçu comme étant beau traverse l’imaginaire social et influence la manière dont le sujet prend position par rapport a l’altérité. Nous visitons la fonction du narcissisme dans la construction de l’image du propre corps. La proposition de Miller de 1997 est , qui donne au corps le statut d’Image Reine est reprise dans cet ouvrage qui examiner aussi comment l’assemblage du fantasme va réagir avec ce qui soutient l’image du corps pour mettre en question les moments dans lesquels cette image claudique, échoue ou a son integrité menace. A ce point ci nous voyons comment le regard de l’Autre est important dans la formation de l’image du corps et son evaluation par le sujet. Enfim nous éclaircisserons ce qui peut être subversive dans l’expérience psychanaltique et qui conduit a une destruction des images coagulées pour donner naissance a des representations qui désignent de nouvels idéaux...

Eco-etología básica del caracol rosa Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae), en Xel-Há, Yucatán, Caribe mexicano / Basic eco-ethology of the queen conch, Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) in Xel-Há, Yucatán, Mexican Caribbean

The queen conch Strombus gigas is an important fishery in the Caribbean, whose populations are currently overexploited. Since the decade of 1980 there have been several studies on aquaculture, resource management and area rehabilitation. However, little is known about its behavior in a natural environment and the influence of environmental parameters. Monthly surveys, from January to November 2012 were conducted in in Xel Ha, to observe and quantify six behaviors of S. gigas: rest, feeding, movement, burying, copulation and spawning. The observations were made every hour from 8h to 17h by free diving through three transects with three replicates each. Each behavior was observed 90 times each month. Salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen were registered at the bottom. We found the highest number of snails at rest in July and the lowest in March and September. Feeding and movements had a peak in August. Most buried in October and November. Copulation was first observed on March with a peak in June and July to October’s spawning. In daytime observations restingt had a peak at 8h; feeding and moving at 12 to 17h. Copulation and spawning did not have a clear pattern. Variations between months and hours (resting, feeding, moving and buried) were significant (p<0.05). Resting correlated with temperature and being buried with oxygen level (r=-0.5803; p=0.0536). Feeding and moving correlated with temperature and salinity. These results should be useful for the conservation, restoration and aquaculture programs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 3): 215-222. Epub 2014 September 01.

El caracol rosa Strombus gigas tiene importancia pesquera en el Caribe, cuyas poblaciones se encuentran sobreexplotadas. Desde la década de 1980 se han desarrollado estudios de acuacultura, manejo del recurso y rehabilitación de áreas con la finalidad de proteger e incrementar sus poblaciones. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el comportamiento del caracol rosa en su medio natural y la influencia de los parámetros ambientales. Mensualmente de enero a noviembre de 2012 en la caleta de Xel Há se observaron y cuantificaron seis comportamientos de S. gigas: reposo, alimentación, movimiento, cópula, enterrados y desove. Las observaciones se realizaron cada hora de 8h a 17h por medio de buceo libre en tres transectos con tres repeticiones cada uno. Cada comportamiento fue observado 90 veces cada mes. Se registraron datos de salinidad, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto en el fondo. El comportamiento anual de S. gigas presentó el mayor número de caracoles en reposo en julio. La alimentación y el movimiento tuvieron un máximo en agosto. La mayoría de caracoles enterrados se encontró en octubre y noviembre. La cópula comenzó a observarse en marzo con un máximo en junio y el desove de julio a octubre. En las observaciones diurnas e independientemente de los meses, el reposo tuvo un pico a las 8h, alimentación a las 12 y movimiento a las 17h. La cópula y el desove no presentaron un patrón en su comportamiento. Existieron variaciones significativas entre meses y horas (reposo, alimentación, movimiento y enterrado) (p<0.05). El reposo se correlacionó con la temperatura y los enterrados con el oxígeno (r=-0.5803; p=0.0536). La alimentación con temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno. El movimiento con temperatura y salinidad. Estos resultados son útiles para programas de conservación, restauración y cultivo de la especie.

Estudo retrospectivo de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia em cadelas e gatas atendidas em Hospital Veterinário Escola no período de um ano / Retrospective ovariosalpingohisterectomy study in bitches and queens assisted at a Veterinary School Hospital during one year

Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo das indicações de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia - eletiva e terapêutica - no período de um ano. Foram analisados 193 prontuários de cadelas e gatas atendidas em Hospital Veterinário Escola, entre março de 2010 e março de 2011, levando em consideração a espécie, a idade e o uso ou não de anticoncepcional. Constatou-se que a demanda de OSH com caráter terapêutico (78,8%) é consideravelmente mais alta que a eletiva (21,2%). Observou-se que as anormalidades reprodutivas detectadas com maior frequência foram piometra (53,36%) e complicações obstétricas (25,38%) e que o uso de anticoncepcional foi o fator relevante para o delineamento desses quadros.

An ovariosalpingohisterectomy procedure indication - elective and therapeutic - retrospective study was conducted during one year. Record files from 193 bitches and queens assisted at a Veterinary School Hospital between March 2010 and March 2011 were analyzed, considering species, age and contraceptive use. It was possible to conclude that the therapeutic OSH demand (78.8%) is remarkably superior to the elective OSH request (21.2%). It was also observed that the most frequently detected reproductive abnormalities were pyometra (53.36%) and gestational complications (25.38%), and also that the use of contraceptives is a relevant factor for those events.

Um passeio de ônibus: Priscilla, a rainha do deserto (1994) e alguns diálogos entre categorias sociais e ficcionais / Un viaje en ómnibus: Las aventuras de Priscilla, la reina del desierto (1994) y algunos diálogos entre categorías sociales y ficcionales / A bus tour: Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994) and the dialog between social and fictional categories

O presente artigo objetiva uma reflexão acerca de alguns ecos do filme australiano Priscilla, a rainha do deserto (1994), dirigido por Stephan Elliot. Este filme alcançou grande sucesso no mundo todo, contribuindo para a popularização da figura das drag queens, com suas performances e excessos, para além de um nicho gay. Pretendo discutir como ficção e realidade entrelaçam-se nos diálogos entre obra artística e teoria. Priscilla, a rainha do deserto talvez tenha causado maior impacto em seu país de origem, sendo tomado como documento real da representação da diversidade, da identidade nacional e das relações étnicas australianas. Seguindo esta trilha, citarei alguns estudos suscitados pela obra em questão, como os de Damien Riggs (2006), Elaine Laforteza (2006) e Gilad Padva (2000), que em seus diversos tipos de argumentações transformam este filme em um objeto de discussão teórica e elemento cultural referente da realidade.

El presente artículo se propone una reflexión acerca de algunas repercusiones de la película australiana "Las aventuras de Priscilla, la reina del desierto" (1994), dirigido por Stephan Elliot. El éxito mundial de esta película contribuyó a popularizar a las drag queens, con sus performances y excesos, más allá del nicho gay. Procuro discutir cómo ficción y realidad se entrelazan en el diálogo entre obra artística y teoría. Quizás "Las aventuras de Priscilla, la reina del desierto" haya causado un impacto mayor en su país de origen, tomándoselo como documento y representación de la diversidad, la identidad nacional y las relaciones étnicas australianas. En esa línea, retomaré estudios sobre la obra en cuestión, como los de Damien Riggs (2006), Elaine Laforteza (2006) y Gilad Padva (2000), que transformaron esta película, a través de sus distintas argumentaciones, en un objeto de discusión teórica y un elemento cultural referente de la realidad.

This article is a reflection on some echoes of the Australian film "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert" (1994), by Stephan Elliot. The film enjoyed great success across the world, contributing to the popularization of drag queen characters, their performances, and cultivation of excess beyond the gay niche. Damien Riggs (2006), Elaine Laforteza (2006), and Gilad Padva (2000) have made this film an object of theoretical discussion as a cultural product. I discuss how fiction and reality intertwine in the dialogues between performance, art, and theory/reality. "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert" might have caused a higher impact in its country of origin, received as a document representation of diversity, national identity, and ethnic relations in Australia.

Prediction of social structure and genetic relatedness in colonies of the facultative polygynous stingless bee Melipona bicolor (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Stingless bee colonies typically consist of one single-mated mother queen and her worker offspring. The stingless bee Melipona bicolor (Hymenoptera: Apidae) shows facultative polygyny, which makes this species particularly suitable for testing theoretical expectations concerning social behavior. In this study, we investigated the social structure and genetic relatedness among workers from eight natural and six manipulated colonies of M. bicolor over a period of one year. The populations of M. bicolor contained monogynous and polygynous colonies. The estimated genetic relatedness among workers from monogynous and polygynous colonies was 0.75 ± 0.12 and 0.53 ± 0.16 (mean ± SEM), respectively. Although the parental genotypes had significant effects on genetic relatedness in monogynous and polygynous colonies, polygyny markedly decreased the relatedness among nestmate workers. Our findings also demonstrate that polygyny in M. bicolor may arise from the adoption of related or unrelated queens.

Leucogram and serum acute phase protein concentrations in queens submitted to conventional or videolaparoscopic ovariectomy / Leucograma e concentrações séricas de proteínas de fase aguda de gatas submetidas à ovariectomia convencional ou por videolaparoscopia

Thirty health queens were submitted to ovariectomy by conventional technique or by videolaparoscopy. In order to study the intensity of inflammatory response by means of acute phase protein analysis and white blood cell count, serum samples were taken before and until 144 hours after the surgical procedures. The protein concentrations that were significantly increased 24 hours after surgical procedures were: ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and α1-acid glycoprotein, 69.8 percent, 103.5 percent, 117.3 percent, and 199.0 percent, respectively, for conventional ovariectomy; and 22.3 percent, 46.1 percent, 79.8 percent, and 74.6 percent, respectively, for laparoscopic ovariectomy. Therefore, inflammatory response was more intense in queens submitted to conventional ovariectomy. Results indicate that the increase or decrease in acute phase proteins, as well as in white blood cells count, may be useful in the evaluation of inflammatory response induced by these surgical procedures.

Trinta gatas, saudáveis, foram submetidas à ovariectomia pela técnica convencional e por videolaparoscopia. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas com o objetivo de verificar a intensidade da resposta inflamatória por meio da análise das concentrações de proteinas de fase aguda e contagem de leucócitos antes e até 144 horas após procedimento cirúrgico. As proteínas que apresentaram aumento significativo 24 horas após a cirurgia foram: ceruloplasmina, hemopexina, haptoglobina e α1-glicoproteína ácida, 69,8 por cento, 103,5 por cento, 117,3 por cento e 199,0 por cento, respectivamente, para ovariectomia convencional, e 22,3 por cento, 46,1 por cento, 79,8 por cento e 74,6 por cento, respectivamente, para ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia. A resposta inflamatória foi mais evidente nas gatas submetidas à ovariectomia convencional. Os resultados mostram aumento e diminuição na concentração de proteínas de fase aguda e na contagem de leucócitos, podendo ser utilizados na avaliação da resposta inflamatória induzida por procedimentos cirúrgicos.

IDENTIFICACIÓN MOLECULAR DE POBLACIONES BACTERIANAS ASOCIADAS AL CARACOL PALA (Strombus gigas) DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO / Molecular Identification Of Bacterial Populations Associated To Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) From Colombian Caribbe

El caracol Pala, Strombus gigas (Strombidae), es de gran importancia ecológica y socioeconómica en el área caribeña colombiana. Sin embargo, es una especie catalogada como "vulnerable" y existe muy poca información referente a las especies bacterianas asociadas al caracol que puedan ser importantes para el desarrollo, manejo productivo y de seguridad acuícola de estos gastrópodos. En este trabajo, nosotros empleamos un estudio microbiológico y molecular de la región intergénica entre los genes 16S y 23S rDNA, análisis del gen rDNA 16S y secuenciación, para analizar las bacterias asociadas al caracol Pala (S. gigas). La composición de bacterias cultivables asociadas fue evaluada por su capacidad para crecer en agar marino y en medios de cultivos selectivos. De un total de 28 muestras analizadas encontramos que el número de bacterias cultivadas en condiciones aerobias fue de alrededor 10(6) ufc mL-1 donde las bacterias pertenecientes a la familia Vibrionacea fueron las más abundantes, cerca de >10(5) ufc mL-1. El análisis molecular de la región intergénica entre los genes 16S y 23S rDNA de las diferentes muestras, reveló una gran complejidad bacteriana asociada a S. gigas. Las secuencias de los amplificados del gen rDNA 16S identificó Pseudoalteromonas sp., Halomonas sp., Psycrobacter sp., Cobetia sp., Pseudomonas sp. y Vibrios sp. Nuestros resultados podrían sugerir un rol importante de estas bacterias como componentes de la comunidad asociada al S. gigas. Esta información puede complementar los estudios que se están implementando en los procesos para la conservación y repoblamiento de las poblaciones de S. gigas en Colombia.

The Queen Conch, Strombus gigas (Strombidae), is a species of great ecological and socioeconomic importance in the Caribbean area of Colombia. However, it is currently catalogued as "vulnerable"; there is limited information concerning the bacterial species associated with conch and important in the management of hatcheries for higher productivity and safety of these gastropods. In this study, we used a microbiology and molecular approach using the 16S-23S intergenic region, the 16S rDNA analysis and sequencing to determine the bacterial populations associated with Queen Conch (S. gigas). Also, the capacity to grow in marine agar and selective culture media was used to evaluate the composition of bacteria associated. The 28 total samples analysed we found the number of bacteria recovered after aerobic culture about 10ˆ6 cfu mL-1 and most belong to the Vibrionaceae family in the order of 10ˆ5 ufc mL-1. The molecular results of the spacer regions between the 16 and 23S genes from the different analyzed samples indicated a great complexity in the bacterial population associated to S. gigas. The sequencing of the amplicons of 16S rDNA identifies Pseudoalteromonas sp, Halomonas sp., Psycrobacter sp., Cobetia sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Vibrios sp. This suggests these bacteria can play an important role as components of the bacterial community associated to S. gigas. This information can help to improve both the management of hatcheries for higher productivity and for the implementation for the conservation processes of Colombian S. gigas.

El yo y sus distintas facetas / The ego and its different facets

Este es un desarrollo del concepto del yo en el psicoanálisis de orientación Lacaniana. Según esta concepción del yo, a partir de la experiencia del estadio del espejo, según la cual el yo se aliena en la imagen especular, se privilegia la función de dominio del yo con el peligro que implica la rivalidad. Para eso será necesaria la función del registro de lo simbólico como pacificadora y determinante. También se describe y ubica al yo en la época actual, para finalmente precisado luego de un final de análisis.

This is a development of the concept of the "I" within the Lacanian-oriented psychoanalysis. The Ego, originated in the mirror stage experience, is isolated in the reflected image. This will give priority to the self-control function, which will take the Ego to the risk involved in rivalry. The symbolic-record function will be necessary as peacemaking and determining. The Ego is al so described and placed in the current time, and then specified after an end of analysis.

Maternal influence on the acceptance of virgin queens introduced into Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

The oviposition potential of honey bee queens decreases with age, therefore it is important to replace old queens with younger ones on a periodic basis. However, queen replacement is problematic, especially in Africanized honey bee colonies, since many introduced queens are not accepted, and virgin queens are less easily accepted than are mated queens. We assessed the influence of genetic origin (queen mother) on the acceptance of queens, when they were introduced as virgins into Africanized honey bee colonies. For this purpose, 12 daughter queens from each of 11 mother queens with no degree of kinship among themselves were introduced. Introductions were made monthly, for 12 months, though the winter months of June and July were not included, as there is little brood and drones are rare in winter. There was some seasonal variation in the acceptance rates; generally there was greater acceptance in months with good honey flows. However, the acceptance of introduced queens was influenced by their origin. The rate of acceptance of daughter queens from the 11 different mother queens varied significantly, ranging from 33 to 75%. There appears to be a genetic influence of the mother queen on the introduced queen acceptance rate.

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ANTI-AGING AND ANTI-STRESS CAPACITIES OF QUEEN BEE LARVA / 营养学报

Objective: To evaluate the anti-aging, anti-fatigue, and anti-coldness effects of Queen Bee Larva (QBL) Methods: 1. American filth flies were divided into control group, QBL groups fed with 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% QBL and D-galactose groups, and the average and the highest life-span were recorded. 2. NIH mice were divided into control group, QBL groups fed with 1/3, 1/6 QBL, and the anti-fatigue, anti-coldness, anti-stress capacities and skin hydroxyproline were detected. Results: The average life-span of the male flies was longer in the 5%～20% QBL fed groups and in the 40% QBL with D-galactose fed group than in the others; The anti-fatigue effect was significantly higher in the mice of 1/3 QBL fed than in the others; The skin hydroxyproline was significantly higher in the male mice fed QBL than that in the control. The decrease of body temperature in cold condition was lower in the mice fed QBL than that in the control. Conclusion: QBL has distinct life-prolonging and anti-aging effects in male filth flies and delay skin-aging, and improve the anti-fatigue and anti-coldness capacity in mice.