Antiviral activity of Ageratina havanensis and major chemical compounds from the most active fraction

The antiviral activity of extracts obtained from Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., Asteraceae, against rabbit vesivirus (RaV) (Caliciviridae) and human herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) (Herpesviridae) were analyzed, and the main metabolites from the most active extract were isolated and characterized. The antiviral properties were investigated by measuring the inhibition of viral-induced cytopathic effect in Vero cells. The strongest inhibitory effects were found for ethyl acetate extract from leaves (SI=5 for RaV and SI=5.4 for HSV-1). The crude ethyl acetate extract was further fractionated by chromatographic methods and the structures of isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including IR, 2D NMR and MS. Four flavonoids were identified: 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (sakuranetin), 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (7-methoxyaromadendrin), 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5,3'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-7-methoxy-eriodictyol) and 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (4'-O-β-D-glucosylsakuranetin). This is the first report on antiviral activity for Ageratina havanensis.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome:report of six cases / 中华全科医师杂志

ObjecfiveTo investigate clinical features and imaging manifestation in patients with posterior reversible eneephalopathy syndrome (PRES) to improve its recognition.MethodsSix patients with PRES were enrolled,four women with history of end-stage renal disease,kidney transplantation,eclampsia,or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and two men with history of chemotherapy or hypertension.All of them underwent multi-serial MR imaging (T1 WI,T2 WI,FLAIR) and post-contrast T1 WI.Three cases also underwent CT scan and gadolinium enhancement. ResultsAll the six cases of PRES had different inducing causes such as acute hypertension,preeclampsia or eclampsia, taking immunosuppressive agents or steroids.and their clinical symptoms were characterized by sudden occurrence of headache,eclampsia or seizure of epilepsy,altered melltal status,visual disturbances.Clinical symptoms were died out in about one week after prompt and appropriate treatments for high blood pressure.or removal of precipitating factors,or treatment for epileptic seizures or status epilepticus.MRI and CT scanning demonstrated multifocal subcortical white lesions in bilateral parieto-occipital lobes (six cases), bilateralfrontal lobes (two cases),bilateral post temporal lobes (two cases) and left cerebellum (one cases).and cortical involvement (two cases).All lesions appeared unenhanced with gadolinium enhancement. FoHow-up by MRI showed decreased abnormal signs and small infarct foci were left in the cortex-subeortex of one case.ConclusionsPRES is a clinico-neuroradiologieal transient condition, usually benign and reversible in nature.Completely clinical and radiographic recovery Can be achieved with prompt antihypertensive treatment or removal of precipitating factors and supportive care,but delayed diagnosis and therapy Can result in cerebral infarct with neurological sequelae.