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Objective To determine the current situation of radiological health management in medical institutions in Nanyang, China, to analyze existing problems and propose improvement measures, and to improve the management level of radiological diagnosis and treatment practice in medical institutions. Methods According to the work plan of the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Project in Henan Province, China, 66 medical institutions engaged in radiological diagnosis and treatment at different levels were selected for a questionnaire survey, in combination with on-site inspections, inquiries, and access to relevant materials. Results Of 66 medical institutions, 65 institutions held radiological diagnosis and treatment licenses, with a license holding rate of 98.5%. There were 17 “new construction, reconstruction, and expansion” projects, with an evaluation rate of 94.1%. In this survey, a total of 391 radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment were involved, and 387 units of equipment were tested for status, with a detection rate of 99.0% and a qualification rate of 94.8% (367/387); 55 units of equipment were tested for stability, with a detection rate of 14.1%; the workplace protection detection rate was 99.0%, and the qualification rate was 100%; 66 medical institutions had 1809 radiation workers, with an occupational health examination rate of 97.8%; 1262 people were trained, with a training rate of 95.7%; 1773 people were monitored for individual dose, with a monitoring rate of 98.0%. Conclusion Medical institutions should further strengthen management in licensing change, construction project evaluation, and equipment stability monitoring to improve the level of radiological health management.
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The implementation of distance education in radiological health continuing education and training was analyzed to provide a reference for improving the quality of radiological health continuing education. The significance, measures, and advantages revealed that the application of distance education in radiological health continuing education and training was conductive to improving the quality of training and fulfilled the needs of radiological health technicians for high-quality training resources. In the future, we will continue to implement and improve distance education, promoting the high-quality development of radiological health continuing education and training.
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Objective To investigate the current situation of radiological health technical service institutions and their technical services in China, and to provide a basis for better utilizing radiological health technical service resources and strengthening institutions’ capability building. Methods From October to December 2021, we conducted quality monitoring, ability comparison, capability building surveys, and other investigations on radiation health technical services to collect information on the qualifications and technical services of radiation health service institutions. The data were pooled and analyzed using SPSS software. Results By the end of 2021, there were 608 radiological health technical service institutions across China, with 47.0% of them located in the eastern region, and the percentage of institutions in the health system (42.6%) was less than that in the non-health system (57.4%). Institutions of grade A offered 62.3% of technical services, while institutions of grade B provided 37.7% of technical services; technical services provided by the non-health system and the health system accounted for 84.2% and 15.8%, respectively; institutions in the health system at the province, prefecture, and county levels offered 37.1%, 50.6%, and 12.3% of technical services, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the proportion of institutions in the non-health system has increased significantly, but the proportion of institutions in the health system with radiological health qualifications is small, and the development is uneven in the numbers of institutions, technical services, and professional and technical personnel in the eastern, central, and western regions and at the province, prefecture, and county levels in China. It is necessary to further encourage and support health system institutions in strengthening capability building and applying for radiological health qualifications, and to increase construction and investment in the western region and at the district/county levels, in order to improve the overall capability and level of radiological health technical services in the country.
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The radiological health in China has been comprehensively progressing since The People′s Republic of China was founded. The outstanding achievement in radiological health field has been obtained, after lots of research work and practical applications have been completed. In order to provide the references and enlighten the ideas for domestic scientific institutes and colleagues in radiological health, this paper explicated the scientific questions and the bottleneck of techniques which needs to be explored in near future. The fields are including not only the protection and safety in occupational radiation, medical radiation, population radiation and emergency radiation, but also the radiation biological effects and its mechanism.
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Objective:To survey the current radiological health capability of 16 perferture-level disease control centers (CDCs) in Shandong province and analyze their shortcomings and disadvantages, in order to provide relevant reference basis for the radiological health capability building of such CDCs.Methods:Survey was carried out of radiology department, radiological health staff, equipment allocation, capabillity building and scientific research of these CDCs, together with the relevant data obtained being statistically analyzed.Results:In these CDCs of 16 cities in Shandong province, there were 70 staff engaged in radiological health, with 3 cities having independent radiological departments in place. There were statistically significant differences between independent departments and non-independent departments in the exclusive use of X-ray diagnostic examination equipment, medical electron accelerator examination equipment and on-site quality control testing work ( χ2=0.04, 0.01, 0.04, P<0.05). Between inland and coastal cities there was statistically significant difference in the capability dealing with nuclear and radiological emergency ( χ2=0.02, P<0.05). Conclusions:Independent departments are more conducive to the implement of government′s functional tasks than non-independent departments. There exist shortcomings and weaknesses in human resources, equipment allocation, in-food radioactivity testing, nuclear and radiological emergency in 16 prefectures and cities, so that the capability building needs to be further improved.
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Medical rescue bases for nuclear or radiological emergencies are mostly composed of institutions that have obtained the qualification of radiological health technical service (Class A) or the qualification of radiation-induced disease diagnosis. Institutions of radiological health have accumulated the technical capabilities of radiation monitoring, contamination detection, dose estimation, and health effects evaluation in their daily work, which can play an important role in the response to nuclear or radiological emergencies and realize the “combination of non-emergency and emergency use” in capacity building. It is suggested that institutions of radiological health at all levels should continue to take advantage of their strengths, improve their capabilities through participating in radiation monitoring projects, and actively participate in the assessment of assay capabilities of institutions of radiological health, so as to provide personnel and technical reserves for the health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.
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High-energy radiation derived from X-ray, γ-ray, neutrons, and other radioisotopes has been widely used for disease diagnosis and treatmentin clinical practice. Notably, high-energy radiation has been proven to increase the cure rate, prolong the survival time, and improve the quality of life among patients with malignant tumors. However, radiation poses huge threats to human health and life. Establishment of effective emergency management information systems for medical radiation is therefore of great significance to evaluate the radiation safety, predict the leakage of radioactive materials, and propose effective responses. This review summarizes the development and application of currently main emergency management information systems for medical radiation, so as to provide a reference for the establishment of sensitive and effective hospital-based radiation emergency management information systems.
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@#<b>Objective</b> To understand the basic information on radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province, China and analyze the main problems, and to strengthen the capacity building of radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province. <b>Methods</b> The radiological health technical service institutions registered in Shaanxi Province were investigated and analyzed by means of a questionnaire and literature review. <b>Results</b> There were 20 radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province, including 7 state-owned ones and 13 privately owned ones; of all the institutions, there were 3 disease control institutions, and 15 institutions obtaining the qualification of radiation protection evaluation, radiation health protection testing, and individual dose monitoring at the same time. The total number of radiation workers in the institution was 237, including 48.5% aged less than 35, 68.8% with bachelor degree or above, 54.4% with intermediate professional title or above, 26.5% with a major related to radiation protection, and 79.3% with national and provincial training. The institutions were equipped with 309 testing instruments, of which the radiation diagnostic performance testing equipment accounted for the largest proportion (52.4%). <b>Conclusion</b> The service scope and capacity of radiological health technical service institutions in Shaanxi Province can meet the current needs of the province, but the institutions need to be improved in terms of personnel, equipment, and service quality. The quality control of institutions needs to be strengthened to standardize the service behavior in the whole province.
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Objective:To construct a system for evaluating the professional capability of provincial radiological health institutions.Methods:Based on the Donabedian model and the main professional responsibilities of provincial radiological health institutions, the logical framework and indicator database of the capability evaluation system were initially constructed, the Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process were further used to determine each indicator and its weight. The self-assessment test was carried out throughout the provincial radiological health institutions by using the system established in this study.Results:The evaluation system included 3 primary-class indicators, 11 second-class indicators, 30 third-class indicators and 76 fourth-class indicators. Taking 100 points as the full score, the self-assessment scores of the 29 provincial institutions ranged from 28.7 to 97.7 with an average of 78.7, and the scores conform to the normal distribution.Conclusions:The system established in this study are scientific, comprehensive and operable, which can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the professional capability of provincial radiological health institutions.
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Object the current radiological health situation of different ranks medical institutions of interventional radiology in a city of Pearl Delta. Methods all the medical institutions in the city, which had carried out interventional radiology before December 31, 2019 as the research objects by survey. By using the method of field epidemiological investigation, the basic situation of general messages, the status of protective facilities, environmental radiation does, personal protective equipment, occupational health monitoring were investigated. Results There were 12 interventional radiology equipment and 180 employees in 7 medical institutions in the city, before December 31, 2019. There was no statistical significance in the composition of employees of different ranks medical institutions (P > 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the composition of protective facilities for interventional treatment in different ranks hospitals (P > 0.05). The environmental radiation dose in interventional radiology devices room of grade A class 3 hospital was higher than that of grade A class 2 hospital (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the composition of individual protective equipment for interventional therapy in different ranks medical institutions (P > 0.05). The proportion of occupational health examination before work and during work in grade A class 2 hospital was higher than A class 3 hospital (P < 0.01). Conclusion The current situation of radiological health of different ranks medical institutions of interventional radiology in a city of Pearl Delta was good momentum. It may be helpful to improve the radiological health protection level of interventional therapy in this city by strengthening the radiological protection management of applying for interventional therapy, actively carrying out the evaluation of radiological protection against occupational disease hazards in construction projects, and urging the employee to carry out the occupational health monitoring inspection as required.
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To provide a reference for the application and scientific management of radiological health service testing standards, we systematically analyzed the current status of the testing items and standards in the testing of radiological health service agencies, discussed the deficiency in the update, improvement and standard framework of radiological health service testing standards and the role of radiological health service testing.
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Objective To further strengthen the management of radiological health technical service institutions, standardize their technical service behaviors, and explore the supervision countermeasures for radiological health and technical service institutions. Methods The radiological health technical service institutions status questionnaires s were designed to survey the basic situation, professionals and technical personnel, the equipment configuration, testing items and workload of service institutions. Results By the end of 2019, there were 23 radiological health technical service institutions in Hebei province, including 8 disease control and occupational prevention institutions (accounting for 34.8%) and 15 third-party institutions (accounting for 65.2%); The distribution of regional agencies were unbalanced; There were 223 professional and technical personnel, of which 29.6% were senior technical professionals, 29.6% were intermediate technical professionals and 40.8% were other professionals.58.8% had a bachelor's degree or above, and 41.2% had a college degree or below; The majors of professionals were relatively scattered, with only 6.44% of radiological health, 5.15% of physics-related majors, and 51.07% of medical-related majors. Other majors involve chemical pharmacy, environmental engineering, public relations planning, food, English, accounting and other majors.The professional technical responsible person had no part-time job;. The institution were totally equipped with 308 sets of radiation protection detectors and 172 sets of phantoms, basically in line with the configuration requirements; All quality control system documents such as quality management manuals, procedural documents, operating procedures, and work instructions have been established; All test items applied by laboratory measurement certification have passed;Conclusion The CDC institutions were gradually shrinking, the private institutions were gradually increasing and the nature of the institutions was gradually diversified.The allocation of regional resources was unbalanced.It is suggestedto strengthen the training on the theoretical basis and professional skills of professionals in testing and evaluation. Increasing on-site practical training is a more important and effective way.It is recommended to strengthen the training of basic-level health administrative departments and supervisory agencies and improvethe sense of responsibility of supervisors.
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Objective To fully grasp the professional technical capabilities of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, and so as to provide the basis for giving full play to the role of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, exploring and planning the development direction of radiological health technical institutions in China. Methods From September to December, 2019, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC issued questionnaires to 37 provincial level radiological health technical institutions. The basic situation of department setting, number and composition of professional and technical personnel, equipment and radiological health work of the institutions that undertake radiological health related responsibilities were investigated, summarized and analyzed. Results Thirty-seven provincial level institutions participated in this survey, including 24 centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 institutions for Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, and 2 other institutions related to radiological health.Most of the institutions were qualified for radiological health related testing or evaluation; Thirty institutions had set up independent radiological health departments. There were 627 people engaged in radiological health professional and technical work, 83.4% of whom were officially on the staffs, and 16.6% are contract staffs.The distribution of gender, age, qualifications, professional title and working years in the radiological health was relatively reasonable, but only 25.8% of the staffs had the radiological education background. From 2014 to 2018, the number of radiological health professional and technical personals inflows and outflows was 164 and 65, respectively. Each institution undertakes 14.6 radiological health responsibilities in average. The annual workload of provincial level institutions was large, but there were relatively few laboratories and instruments for radionuclide measurement and internal radiation measurement. Conclusion The provincial level radiological health technical institutions still need to strengthen the capability building and make up the short board, play the leading and guiding role in provincial regions, so as to promote the further development of the national radiological health work.
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In this paper, the notice of "Opinions of the State Administration for Market Regulation on further promoting the reform of qualification accreditation of inspection and testing institutions" (No. 206 [2019] which issued on October 25, 2019 has aroused our reflection to concern the development trend of qualification accreditation of radiological health technical service institutions. In order to adapt to the changes under the new situation and avoid the risks of technical review that may be faced in the qualification accreditation of radiation health technical service institutions in the future and to discussed the ways that radiological health technical service institutions can be used to confirm the testing ability in the qualification certification process.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of the capability in building primary radiological health technical institutions in China.METHODS: A total of 38 prefecture level radiological health technical institutions from 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method, and their qualification, department settings from 2014 to 2018, related conditions of professional and technical personnel, 22 items of radiation health technical work development, 14 kinds of radiation health related laboratory settings and six types of instruments and equipment were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 37 radiological health technical institutions provided feedback data. Among them, 30 were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and seven were institutions for Occupational Disease Control and Prevention. Among the 37 institutions, 31(83.7%) had radiological health-related qualifications and 12(32.4%) institutions had set up independent radiological health departments. There were 294 professional and technical personnel in radiological health field, with an average of eight persons for each institution. The ratio of male to female was 1.7 ∶1.0. The proportion of professionals younger than 50 years was 82.0%, and 83.0% professionals had an educational background with bachelor′s degree or above. Only 11.9% of the professionals had radiation health education background, and 81.3% had medical and health related educational background. There were 74.8% of the professionals who had intermediate title or above, and 60.2% had less than 10 years of service. From 2014 to 2018, the annual total inflow of personnel showed a decreasing trend(P<0.01), while the total outflow showed an increasing trend(P<0.01). Among the 37 institutions, each institution undertook an average of nine radiological health technical tasks. The individual dose-monitoring laboratory had the largest number of laboratories related to radiological health and the largest sample handling capacity. On average, each institution was equipped with only 0.5 instruments and equipment for each type of radiological health technical work. CONCLUSION: The distribution of age, educational background and professional title of the staffs in the municipal radiological health technical institutions in China is reasonable, but the laboratory construction and equipment allocation still need to be strengthened.
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This study introduces the establishment and the situation before and after the reorganization of Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Meanwhile, it sorted out the important changes in this reorganization of CDRH. CDRH optimizes regulatory decisions by integrating pre-marketing and post-marketing professionals for the total product lifecycle of medical devices, based on product line guidelines. Taking the sutatus of Chinese medical device supervision into consideration, this study put forward some thoughts on scientific supervision.
Sujets)
Agrément de dispositif , Marketing , États-Unis , Food and Drug Administration (USA)Résumé
Objective@#To build a comprehensive information system of radiological health in Shanghai and provide basic data for prevention and control of radiation hazards factors.@*Methods@#A management information platform of radiological health suitable for Shanghai was constructed by sorting out the historical archives and records, combining with content of current work, and using the information platform in China for reference. All Institutions are responsible for the collection and input of the data generated in the work, and the system judges the nature of the data according to the rules, and then completes the interactive analysis of the data with the municipal platform according to the standards, which forms the three-level platform management mode of the city, districts and medical institutions.@*Results@#Data module platform covering health records, environmental monitoring, business warning and statistical reports was built in one year since its preliminary inception in 2014. In the beginning there were only 468 usersof institutions, and by the end of 2018, about 1 241 users were active. Nearly 300 000 pieces of data were collected.@*Conclusions@#The construction of comprehensive management information platform of radiological health in Shanghai promotes the standardization and effectiveness of radiological health information management, provides a monitoring model for sustainable long-term development, and provides basic data for further policy management or decision-making.
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Objective@#To construct a national radiological health information platform, in order to collect and analyze radiological health monitoring and survey data, so as to improve data utilization and ensuring technology support to radiological health.@*Methods@#In accordance with China′s relevant laws, regulations and regulations, a national radiological health information platform was designed, developed and operated in response to the needs of radiological health monitoring, scientific research and management.@*Results@#The system was initially established in 2015, consisting of five business modules: medical radiation protection, personal dose, occupational health, food radioactivity monitoring and occupational radiological disease reporting. In the past 4 years, the system has been running normally and 5 business databases have been established. More than 8 million data of monitoring and survey have been collected. More than 1 400 terminal users have good experiences and frequent interactions.@*Conclusions@#The successful construction of the national radiological health information platform not only promotes and standardizes the network direct reporting of radiological health monitoring and investigation business data, but also provides analytical and utilization tools for technical institutions/personnel on radiological health, and gradually becomes an important scientific basis and database for the development of radiological health laws, regulations and standards in China as well as for national health service.
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A decade saw the construction of radiological health informatization in China since the application of the national individual dose registration system in 2009. The national radiological health information platform has been established, covering 5 information systems including individual dose, occupational radiological diseases and occupational health, medical radiation protection, food radionuclide monitoring and occupational radiological disease reporting. Up to 2018, more than 8 million pieces of monitoring data have been collected, and more than 1 400 users have been authorized. In this paper, the current situation of radiological health informatization construction in the past 10 years in China was analyzed. The key points and problems about the development of radiological health informatization were discussed and the suggestions were put forward, in order to promote the construction of radiological health informatization, prove occupational radiological prevention and control, and contribute to the construction of "Healthy China" .
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Objective To build a comprehensive information system of radiological health in Shanghai and provide basic data for prevention and control of radiation hazards factors. Methods A management information platform of radiological health suitable for Shanghai was constructed by sorting out the historical archives and records, combining with content of current work, and using the information platform in China for reference. All Institutions are responsible for the collection and input of the data generated in the work, and the system judges the nature of the data according to the rules, and then completes the interactive analysis of the data with the municipal platform according to the standards, which forms the three-level platform management mode of the city, districts and medical institutions. Results Data module platform covering health records, environmental monitoring, business warning and statistical reports was built in one year since its preliminary inception in 2014. In the beginning there were only 468 usersof institutions, and by the end of 2018, about 1241 users were active. Nearly 300000 pieces of data were collected. Conclusions The construction of comprehensive management information platform of radiological health in Shanghai promotes the standardization and effectiveness of radiological health information management, provides a monitoring model for sustainable long-term development, and provides basic data for further policy management or decision-making.