Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: The start of a sprint race is one of its most important stages. The reaction time at the start lays a psychological foundation for normal performance and performance improvement in its next three stages. Objective: To research the reaction time of athletes in the starting stage of the 100-meters sprint race. This helps analyze the internal reaction mechanism of the body, which receives signals and responds to actions. Methods: We use a bibliographical research, experimental comparison, and mathematical statistics to study the starting reaction time of sprinters. Results: The starting reaction time of male and female sprinters was basically at the same level. Conclusion: The starting time of Chinese sprinters needs to be improved. 400-m sprinters, especially, should devote more training to their starting reaction time. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução: A partida é uma etapa importante na corrida de cem metros. A velocidade de reação no início estabelece a base psicológica para o desempenho normal e a melhoria do desempenho nas três fases seguintes. Objetivo: Investigar o tempo de reação de atletas no estágio inicial da corrida de 100 metros rasos. Isso ajudará a analisar o mecanismo de resposta interno do corpo, que recebe sinais e responde a ações. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica com comparação experimental e estatísticas matemáticas para estudar o tempo de reação inicial de corredores. Resultados: O tempo de reação inicial de corredores do sexo feminino ou masculino foi basicamente o mesmo. Conclusões: O tempo de reação inicial dos corredores chineses precisa ser melhorado. Corredores dos 400 metros, especialmente, devem dedicar mais tempo de treinamento ao tempo de reação inicial. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La partida es una etapa importante en la corrida de cien metros. La velocidad de reacción en el inicio establece la base psicológica para el desempeño normal y la mejoría del desempeño en las tres fases siguientes. Objetivo: Investigar el tiempo de reacción de atletas en la etapa inicial de la corrida de 100 metros. Esto ayudará a analizar el mecanismo de respuesta interno del cuerpo, que recibe señales y responde a acciones. Métodos: Investigación bibliográfica con comparación experimental y estadísticas matemáticas para estudiar el tiempo de reacción inicial de corredores. Resultados: El tiempo de reacción inicial de corredores del sexo femenino o masculino fue básicamente el mismo. Conclusiones: El tiempo de reacción inicial de los corredores chinos necesita ser mejorado. Corredores de 400 metros, especialmente, deben dedicar más tiempo de entrenamiento al tiempo de reacción inicial. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.
Résumé
Background: The metabolic syndrome, a clustering of several commonly occurring disorders that include abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, has been specifically investigated as a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly individuals. The metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for cognitive decline because it summarizes the joint effects of these risk factors. It is known that difference between simple and choice reaction time (RT) implies time required for cognition. Though delayed choice RTs indicate involvement of cognition, they cannot quantify how much time is required for cognition. In whole body simple reaction time (WBSRT), RT is split into two chronoscopic readings: C1 and C2. C1 measures time required for central processing which requires cognition and C2 measures total RT. C2-C1 measures time required for peripheral motor response. We hypothesized that whole body choice RT chronoscopic reading 1 (WBCRTC1) will be delayed in metabolic syndrome and WBCRTC1 will have predictive value in detecting cognitive dysfunction. Settings and Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 120 subjects using visual and WBSRT having criteria of age (40-60 years) and metabolic syndrome, compared with equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. Statistical analysis was done by independent t-test and duration of metabolic syndrome was correlated with cognition times (WBCRTC1) using Pearson's correlation. Predictive value of WBCRTC1 was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Delayed visual simple RT, visual choice RT, WBSRT, and whole body choice RT (WBCRT) observed among subjects metabolic syndrome when compared with controls. Choice RTs were more delayed compared to simple RTs. WBCRTC1 (608.8 ± 132 ms) was more delayed than WBSRTC1 (424.05 ± 89.9 ms) among metabolic syndrome indicating cognitive dysfunction. Unfortunately, there was no significant correlation between duration of metabolic syndrome with cognition. The best cut-off value for WBCRTC1, when predicting cognitive dysfunction in metabolic syndrome was 542.5 ms (sensitivity 36.7% and specificity 31.6%). Conclusions: WBCRTC1 can be used as a tool to detect cognitive dysfunction.