Study result on the correlation between lead exposure and intellectual performance among children / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background@#Lead is known for their neurotoxicity and compared to adults, children are more vulnerable to lead exposure. Varieties of diseases are developed by lead induced damage in children, including decreased intelligent quotient and behavioral changes, such as anxiety. In normal condition lead does not exist in children’s blood and this toxic heavy metal enters into human body through respiratory way and accumulates in blood and bone to harm neurodegenerative and urinary systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether the emitted lead from recycling factory for lead acid batteries, which is located in 9 km distance from Khonkhor town and 39 km faraway from Ulaanbaatar city with north-east direction, is affecting the intelligence of the local children.@*Methods@#There are 13 children involved in this study and the participants are divided into two groups, including subjects, who live in areas outside (n=10) and within (n=3) the 1000 m region of the factory zone. The blood sampling was collected according to WHO guidelines and lead level in blood was determined by Leadcare instruments at Environmental health and toxicological laboratory of National Center for Public Health. The intelligence analysis was conducted by Raven’s progressive matrices test. And the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21 software to assess correlation of blood lead levels and the intelligence among participated children. @*Results@#It is resulted that average lead level for children’s blood samples is 3.1±1.5 ug/dL and which is found beyond the acceptable range in WHO guidelines. The children’s intelligence was assessed by Raven’s colored Progressive Matrices analysis, which is practically accepted in China, which estimated that average intelligence score of participants were 48.3±13.2. According to correlation analysis of age, sex, intelligence and blood lead level, there was a weak positive correlation was found between children’s age and lead level in blood. In contrast, a weak reverse correlation was observed in regarding with sex and blood lead level and intelligence score was weakly reverse correlated with the lead level in children’s blood samples.@*Conclusions@#The determined average lead level was 3.1±1.5 ug/dL for blood samples collected from 13 children who involved in this study and the value is found under the WHO guidance value. Furthermore, their average intelligence score was estimated as 48.3±13.2. The comparative analysis shown that intelligence score of 3 children, who lives within 1000 m region of the recycling factory was lower than those who lives in outside region of the factory and have same age.

Current treatment of recurrent nasopharngeal carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

On the basis of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based comprehensive treatment, the 5-year overall survival rate of initially-treated nasopharngeal carcinoma patients without recurrence and metastasis has reached 80%, local regional control rate has exceeded 90%, whereas approximately 10%-15% of patients will suffer from local and/or nodal recurrence after initial treatment. The factors affecting the decision-making of re-treatment mainly include the causes of local and/or nodal recurrence of nasopharngeal carcinoma after initial treatment, selection of re-treatment, side effects and efficacy after re-treatment. This article summarizes the recent progress on these issues above.

Inquérito de saúde em população quilombola baiana: relato de uma experiência em pesquisa epidemiológica / Population health survey in Quilombola communities in Bahia State: an epidemiological research experience

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar as experiências formativas vivenciadas durante a preparação e o desenvolvimento de inquérito epidemiológico desenvolvido em comunidades quilombolas de região geográfica baiana. O envolvimento de pesquisadores de diferentes profissões, das Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, contribuiu na construção do projeto, seleção e ajuste dos instrumentos, bem como na execução da coleta de dados. Ao longo do processo foi percebido amadurecimento humanístico, profissional e científico dos pesquisadores e acadêmicos colaboradores. Neste sentido, ocorreram e ocorrerão avanços na compreensão do cuidado equânime em saúde, consolidadas através de práticas que respeitam os aspectos históricos e socioculturais dos usuários e comunidades atendidas pelo serviço de saúde.

The aim of this article is to report the formative experiences encountered during the preparation and development of an epidemiological survey undertaken with residents of quilombola communities (inhabitants of black communities) in Bahia. Researchers from different fields including the humanities and health sciences were involved in contributing to the construction of the project, selection and adjustment of the instruments, as well as the execution of data collection. In the process, it was possible to perceive the humanistic, professional and scientific maturation of the researchers and academicians involved. In light of this, advances were made and will continue to be made, in the understanding of equitable health care, consolidated through practices that respect the historical and sociocultural characteristics of users and communities supported by health services.

Workplace insubordination is misconduct – gross subordination can lead to restraining order under section 144 of Indian criminal procedure code

This article in the MEDic LAWgic series focussed on the meaning and implications of workplace insubordination. It describes why it is considered as misconduct. It also explains how gross subordination can lead to restraining order under section 144 of Indian criminal procedure code and can become a permanent part of service records of the perpetrator, affecting their career.

Plantas usadas en medicina popular en la Isla Santiago, Buenos Aires, Argentina / Plants used in popular medicine in the Santiago Island, Buenos Aires, Argentina

This work constitutes a record of vascular plant species used for therapeutic purposes on Santiago Island, located in the Rio de La Plata, southeast of the Party of Ensenada, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The island has an area of 8 km2 and consists of alluvial land, with natural and rich floristic environments. Eighty three households were sampled, plant specimens were collected “in-situ”, were identified using specific literature and binocular magnifying glass, and a digital photographic record was made. We identified 40 species of vascular plants, used by the islanders in folk medicine, mostly exotic and herbaceous. Also, 32 therapeutic uses and 11 affections were reported. The digestive and skin disorders were the most representative.

Este trabajo constituye un registro de especies de plantas vasculares utilizadas con fines terapéuticos en la Isla Santiago, ubicada en el Río de La Plata, al SE del Partido de Ensenada, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La isla, tiene una superficie de 8 km2 y está formada por tierras de origen aluvional, con ambientes naturales de gran riqueza florística. Se muestrearon 83 unidades domésticas, se recolectaron ejemplares vegetales “in-situ”, se identificaron utilizando bibliografía específica y lupa binocular y se hizo un registro fotográfico digital. Se identificaron 40 especies de plantas vasculares, utilizadas por los isleños en medicina popular, la mayoría exóticas y herbáceas. Asimismo, se reportaron 32 usos terapéuticos y 11 afecciones; los trastornos digestivos y de la piel fueron los más representativos.

Uso medicinal popular de plantas y líquenes de la Isla Paulino, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Popular medical use of plants and lichens from Paulino Island, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Este trabajo da a conocer las plantas utilizadas con fines terapéuticos en la Isla Paulino, ubicada en el Río de La Plata, al NE del Partido de Berisso, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Este sector aluvional abarca una superficie de 18 Km2. Se realizaron quince entrevistas, revisión de archivos, recolección de ejemplares vegetales “in-situ” y determinación sistemática de los mismos, consulta bibliográfica específica y registro fotográfico digital. Como resultado de esta investigación, se identificaron cuarenta especies vegetales y una especie de líquen, utilizadas por los lugareños, en medicina popular. Las especies vegetales más utilizadas en la isla son: Equisetum giganteum L. (Equisetaceae) y Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.. Se registraron los siguientes usos terapéuticos: abortivo, antiartrítico, antiasmático, anticefalágico, antidiabético, antiinflamatorio, antilítico, antinefrítico, antipediculósico, antipruritoso, antirreumático, antiséptico, antitusivo, cardiotónico, colirio, depurativo, digestivo, diurético, estomacal, expectorante, hepático, hipotensor, pectoral, purgante, refrescante y vulnerario.

This paper deals with the species of plants used for therapeutic purposes on the Paulino island, situated north-east of Berisso city, an alluvial sector that comprises an area of 18 km2. Fifteen persons were interviewed, and other data were gathered from the revision of files, collection of plants “in-situ” and later determination with optic instruments, specific bibliography and digital pictures. As a result of this research, we identified forty species of plants and one species of lichen used by villagers in popular medicine. The species mostly used were: Equisetum giganteum L.(Equisetaceae) and Aloe vera (L.) Burm f. (Asphodelaceae). The following therapeutic uses were recorded: abortifacient, antiarthritic, antiasthmatic, headache prevention (anticefalalgic), antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, antilytic, antinephritic, lice prevention (antipediculosic), antipruritouse, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antitussive (against coughing), cardiotonic, depurative, digestive, diuretic, stomach, expectorant, hepatic, hypotensive, pectoral, purgative, refreshing and vulnerary.